优质高产啤酒大麦新品种垦啤6号的选育及栽培技术

甘肃省是我国主要的优质啤酒大麦生产基地,啤酒大麦常年播种面积8万-12万hm<'2>,产量占国产啤酒大麦的三分之一左右.甘肃省自引种试种啤酒大麦至今已有近30年的历史,2000年以前,甘肃省推广的啤酒大麦品种均为国外引进品种,大多存在制约生产的不同缺点,如黑引瑞、蒙克尔、莫特44、麦特B 23等品种在生产上仅是昙花一现,真正大面积推广的品种唯有法瓦维特.近年来,甘肃省运用杂交改良手段,充分利用主栽品种的优良农艺性状和国外种质的品质优势,成功选育出了一批高产优质的啤酒大麦新品种,垦啤6号是新选育的高产、优质、高抗倒伏,抗条纹病品种,为我国西北地区成功选育的第一个直穗型品种,已通过了甘肃省非主要农作物品种认定(甘认麦2010003),并申请了农业部植物新品种保护(公告号:CNA005816 E).     

啤酒大麦新品种垦啤6号的选育与高产栽培技术

垦啤6号是以98-003为母本,以育种中间株系垦啤91134为父本进行有性杂交选育而成的优良啤酒大麦新品种。该品种麦芽品质优良、丰产稳产、高抗倒伏、耐密植、适应性广,平均产量8 967.0 kg/hm2,较对照甘啤4号增产13.2%;籽粒蛋白质含量10.5%,品质优级,是目前甘肃啤酒大麦产区理想的首选品种之一。2009年通过甘肃省非主要农作物品种认定(甘认麦2010003),并申请了国家农业部植物新品种保护(公告号:CNA 005816 E)。     

三种基因型啤酒大麦种予萌发期耐盐性的研究

利用不同NaCI浓度梯度对3种基因型啤酒大麦种子进行萌发期的发芽势、发芽率、根长和苗长等指标的测定,综合分析了NaCI胁迫对3种基因型啤酒大麦种子萌发期的影响,结果表明:(1)3种基因型啤酒大麦种子的测定指标与对照差异达极显著水平的NaCI浓度因不同基因型种子而不同,甘啤7号是100mmo1/L,甘啤5号是200mmo1/L,甘啤4号是300mmo1/L.(2)随NaCI浓度的增加,3种不同基因型啤酒大麦品种综合测定指标都呈现出发芽势逐渐减小,发芽率逐渐下降,根长、苗长逐渐下降,盐害指数逐渐增大,但是基因型之间存在显著差异,综合各个指标,3个品种中,萌发期耐盐性最好的是甘啤5号,甘啤4号次之,甘啤7号最弱。     

大麦新品种保啤麦 28 号的选育

保啤麦 28 号是保山市农业科学研究所选育的啤酒大麦新品种,2023 年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号：GPD 大麦（青稞）（2023）530030。该品种产量高,高抗条纹病、白粉病,抗锈病,千粒重高,高抗倒伏,麦芽品质优,适宜在云南省冬播种植。对保啤麦 28 号的选育过程、特征特性、产量表现、栽培技术要点进行介绍,并对其选育体会进行总结。     

大麦新品种垦啤麦2号

大麦新品种垦啤麦2号冯丽华(黑龙江省农科院合江农科所佳木斯市154007)垦啤麦2号系黑龙江省红兴隆管理局农科所育成的早熟、六棱啤酒大麦新品种。1996年初经黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种合江农科所1994~1995年试验,平均产量3593……     

甘啤系列啤酒大麦主要性状的遗传差异及其演变规律的研究

为了解甘啤系列品种主要性状的演变规律,对甘肃省农科院选育的甘啤系列啤酒大麦的主要农艺性状演变规律进行了分析。产量、千粒重、筛选率呈明显上升的趋势,蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,趋于理想水平,品质得到明显提高。从遗传变异系数和改良潜力看,产量性状的成穗数、穗粒重改良潜力较大,品质性状蛋白质含量、千粒重、筛选率改良潜力较小。     

大麦新品种乐啤1号

乐啤1号是乐山市农牧科学研究所1986年以盐75－21与自育四棱皮麦中间材料h0475杂交,采用系谱法选育而成的啤酒大麦新品种。1998年11月经四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。特征特性属春性二棱皮麦,全生育期175~180天。幼苗直立,芽鞘绿色,长...     

九份国内啤酒大麦品种籽粒铁锌含量的差异分析

采用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)和等离子发射光谱(ICP-OES)法,分别对种植于黔中地区,来自我国五省大麦种植区的9份啤酒大麦品种籽粒中的铁和锌含量进行了分析.结果表明,9份栽培啤酒大麦品种籽粒铁锌含量差异极显著,其含量范围Fe介于36.45～140.85 mg/kg之间,Zn介于47.99～98.69 mg/kg之间;云啤6号Fe的含量最高,Zn的最高含量是苏啤4号,Fe、Zn含量两者最低的是甘啤3号.研究表明,籽粒中铁锌的含量与不同品种物候期和农艺性状存在显著的相关性.初步结果为进一步展开大麦籽粒铁锌含量差异的基因型研究和培育优质高产啤酒大麦品种提供材料.     

多棱啤酒大麦新品种垦啤麦9号

近年来啤酒大麦在黑龙江省的种植面积逐年扩大．种植面积最大的啤酒大麦品种是垦啤麦2号．该品种是红兴隆科研所1996年审定命名。垦啤麦2号已在黑龙江省种植推广12年．由于其推广时间长．存在品种退化、易倒伏及千粒重低的问题．造成大麦品质下降．产量减少。为解决以上问题。通过多年的攻关。     

优质啤洒大麦“榛名二条”

“榛名二条”系日本札幌啤酒公司用杂交方法选育而成的,是日本目前品质最好且产摄较高的优质啤酒大麦新品种。1982年我所从日本引进,多年加速繁殖和试验试种表明,它在中肥条件下,亩产一般在325公斤左右,较矮早三增产6—7%,是长江下游淮南麦区实现啤洒大麦优质化、商品化生产的好品种。     

The EEC Barley and Malt Committee Index for the Evaluation of Malting Quality in Barley and its Use in Breeding

A new statistical quality index, Q, is defined in order to facilitate the interpretation of the overall quality of malting barley varieties. Q ranges from O (feeding barley) to 9 (top quality malting barley), and is related to the Normal distribution. The varieties tested within the network of the European Brewery Convention are assessed for malting quality as an example of tire reliability of Q. In addition, the new index is used to study the genotype X environmental interaction for malting quality.     

Comparative analysis of Australian and Canadian barleys for seed dormancy and malting quality

The association between high malting quality and pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) susceptibility is a key challenge when developing new malting barley varieties. A new malting barley variety Baudin has successfully combined high malting quality and PHS tolerance. A doubled haploid population was developed for mapping PHS tolerance and seed dormancy from a cross of Baudin?×?AC Metcalfe using 233 molecular markers. Three QTLs were mapped for seed dormancy based on the standard germination test at 24, 48 and 72?h. One major QTL was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5H controlling seed dormancy and PHS tolerance from Baudin. Two other minor QTLs were identified from Baudin on chromosomes 3 and 7H. QTL/QTL interaction was detected for seed dormancy between chromosomes 3 and 5H. The PHS tolerance allele of the 5H QTL from Baudin contributes to higher malt yield without significant impact on diastatic power, beta-glucan content and wort viscosity. QTL from Baudin provide new sources to integrate PHS tolerance and high malting quality.     

Tolerance of barley seed germination to cold- and drought-stress expressed as seed vigour

In barley, high seed vigour is a precondition for rapid and homogenous field emergence and good malting quality. Seed vigour was defined as germination percentage under stress conditions (10°C, drought stress ‐ 2 Bars) in 7‐8 barley varieties grown in 7‐8 locations in the Czech Republic over 7 years. Three of the 7 years were not suitable for high seed quality, probably because of unsuitable weather, as average seed vigour reached only 61, 77 and 86%, respectively. In the remaining 4 years, the average vigour exceeded 94%. The impact of variety on seed vigour was higher in the ‘bad years’ and the impact of location was higher in the other years. Varieties with higher vigour from all locations in the ‘bad years’ were identified. Lower vigour was related to the high occurrence of fungi (indicated by ergosterol assays) and to lower field emergence rates of seed samples. The results support the possibility of selecting for improvement of barley seed vigour, which is related to tolerance to various conditions during emergence and to homogenous malting.     

Genetic variation of β-amylase thermostability among varieties of barley, Hordeum vulgare L., and relation to malting quality

To investigate variation in the thermostability of β-amylase among varieties of barley, Hordeum vulgare L., crude enzyme was extracted from the seeds, and the relative remaining activity was calculated after heat treatment. Our results indicated that the varieties tested were divided into three groups (types A, B and C). All the latest Japanese malting varieties showed high themostability (type A), while European, North American and Australian varieties showed intermediate (type B) or low thermostability (type C). Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of β-amylase was also investigated. Type B varieties divided into two subtypes (types B1 and B2) based on two different IEF patterns (types I and II), whereas those of types A and C showed only one IEF pattern (type II). We also examined their thermostability in the varieties based on the pedigrees of the Japanese malting barley. Our results indicated that the thermostability of β-amylase had a close relationship to fermentability for the production of beer. This fact suggests that the thermostability of β-amylase has a significant influence on the malting quality of barley.     

RAPD characterization of Brazilian barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) varieties

Thirteen varieties of Brazilian barley selected for malting qualities were analysed by RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Amplification with 18 random primers generated 221 reproducible bands, of which 206 bands were polymorphic (93%):of this number, 137 fragments (62%) detected diversity among varieties and 56 bands (25.34%) allowed the distinction of varieties or groups of them. Variation was detected in all Brazilian varieties studied. Within-variety similarities estimated by Jaccard Similarity Coefficient ranged from 0.28 to 0.94, with averages ranging from 0.57 to 0.83, and an overall average of 0.72. Nevertheless, in the cluster analysis representatives of the same variety always fell into the same group and only later joined the other varieties. The average intervarietal similarities estimated by Jaccard Similarity Coefficient ranged from 0.45 to 0.62, with an overall average of 0.52. Many bands or combinations of bands which were responsible for the differentiation of all varieties were detected. Nevertheless, the majority of these bands cannot be considered as diagnostic markers because a great number of them did not occur in many representatives of the variety or had low intensity or even because they were not easily identified in the total pattern of bands.     

Comparative performance of winter and spring malting barleys in semiarid growing conditions

In Europe, during the 1960s, mainly two-rowed spring barley was used for malting. Traditionally, spring malting barley was produced in regions with moderate temperatures and adequate rainfall throughout the growing season. Winter malting barley, on the other hand, was mostly grown in the milder arid and semiarid parts of Europe. Due to global climatic changes and its higher yield, winter malting barley is now increasing in acreage in the traditional spring barley regions. Our study included a comparative analysis of several grain and malt characters of the winter and spring malting barley grown under the agroecological conditions of the Vojvodina Province, Yugoslavia. One thousand grain weight was shown to be approximately the same for both growth habits, whereas winter malting barley proved to have a higher hectoliter mass than the spring one. In those years that were less favorable for spring barley production, winter malting barley had better quality characters, namely a higher fine extract content, a better malt modification, and a lower malt protein content. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Performance Evaluation of Malt Barley: from Malting Quality and Breeding Perspective

Lack of suitable malt barley varieties that exhibit high yielding, stable performance, and good malting quality is the major factor among several production constraints contributing to low productivity of malt barley in the North Gondar Zone. The present study was done to evaluate and recommend the best performing varieties in the major potential areas of North Gondar. The experiment was conducted at three locations for two consecutive years (2015 and 2016) during the main cropping season using twelve improved varieties. The design was randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance and GGE [genotype main effect (G) and genotype-by-environment interaction (GE)] biplot analysis were conducted following their respective procedures. Combined analysis of variance revealed a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) among genotypes, environments, and genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield, most agronomic and malt quality traits. All the varieties had acceptable malt quality traits. The variety IBON-174/03 was found to be the highest yielding and the most stable variety across environments. According to the polygon view of biplot analysis, the varieties were spread across four sections and the test environments spread across two sections. Among the six test environments, D and C were more discriminating and F and B were less discriminating. Test environments F, E, and A were found to be more representative of the mega-environment than D. Considering early maturity, malt quality, grain yield, and stability performance; it is recommended to use the variety IBON-174/03 for production in the study areas and in similar areas.     

世界大麦生产、贸易特征及对我国的影响与启示

摘要：中国啤酒大麦进口量连续多年占到了国内需求量的50%以上,国际大麦市场的诸多变动都将给中国大麦及啤酒产业带来重大影响。本文总结分析了世界大麦生产贸易格局变动以及啤酒大麦主要出口国的发展特征,在此基础上探讨了对中国的影响与启示。主要结论为：世界大麦生产、出口非常集中,进口相对分散,容易产生市场波动和价格垄断;啤酒大麦的出口市场主要由澳大利亚、加拿大和欧盟主导,其生产和贸易波动较大;“大国效应”能够起到“调节阀”的作用,我国可以利用进口大国地位获取价格话语权;我国大麦生产应该以“质”取胜,而不是以“量”取胜,国产大麦和进口大麦共存的局面将长期维持。关键词：大麦 啤酒 生产 贸易     

Breeding and brewing quality of the Canadian malting barley variety ‘CDC Goldstar’ lacking lipoxygenase-1

Various types of malt quality profiles have been investigated to benefit the North American brewing industry. Herein, we report the development and brewing quality of the hulled, two-row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety ‘CDC Goldstar’ lacking lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1-less). This new variety offers a novel malt type for the improvement of beer flavor stability. The agronomic performance of ‘CDC Goldstar’ was tested in the Western Cooperative Two Row Barley Registration Trials during 2013–2014. In addition to high lodging tolerance, the new variety showed 6% higher yield than the current leading variety ‘CDC Copeland’. The malt quality of ‘CDC Goldstar’ showed higher diastatic power and lower wort β-glucan content than ‘CDC Copeland’ and controllable proteolytic modification (soluble nitrogen and Kolbach Index). Pilot- (100 L) and commercial-scale (5,000 L) brewing trials were conducted using ‘CDC PlatinumStar’, another LOX-1-less variety with a low enzymatic profile, as the control variety. Absence of the LOX-1 trait from ‘CDC Goldstar’ maintained trans-2-nonenal levels in aged beers as low as those in other LOX-1-less varieties without affecting major beer parameters, such as ester and aldehyde content or foam stability. The newly developed ‘CDC Goldstar’ malting barley provides added value for the beer industry and consumers.     

甘肃省不同生态类型区啤酒大麦专用肥施肥技术研究

为完善和细化啤酒大麦专用肥在不同生态类型区的施用技术,降低因过量施肥对啤酒大麦品质和环境的影响。采用多点大田小区试验和室内分析相结合的方法,对甘肃省不同生态类型区啤酒大麦专用肥施肥技术进行研究。结果表明,啤酒大麦专用肥和新动力配施的处理D和处理E增产和改善品质效果最明显,其中处理D平均产量最高为8056.8 kg/hm2,比对照增产194.3 kg/hm2,增加收益426.6元/hm2,其次为处理E平均产量为8024.2 kg/hm2,比对照（处理G）增产161.6 kg/hm2,增加收益364.6元/hm2。根据试验结果,制定出啤酒大麦专用肥在不同生态类型区的施用技术,关外荒漠化和沿山海拔2000 m以上地区的玉门、民乐、山丹基施啤酒大麦专用肥600 kg/hm2,苗期追施新动力120~150 kg/hm2,玉门、永登等属砂质土壤和土层较薄地区,还应配施有机肥;中部和河西绿洲灌区的金昌、武威、景泰施啤酒大麦专用肥600 kg/hm2左右,同时基施或追施75~100 kg/hm2新动力;南部高寒阴湿区施300~450 kg/hm2专用肥即可,不提倡追肥和配施其他肥料。