毛竹林林分平均胸径模拟预测模型的研究

毛竹林分平均胸径在一定程度上代表了毛竹林的平均水平 ,也是影响毛竹林产量 (包括毛竹产量和笋产量 )的重要测树因子之一。不同年龄结构或者不同密度的毛竹林 ,其林分的平均胸径存在着差异。对于同一密度的毛竹林而言 ,其林分平均胸径也可能不同。反之 ,对于同一平均胸径的毛竹林来说 ,其林分的结构也会有很大的差异 ,因此 ,探讨毛竹林分平均胸径与立竹密度或与毛竹林分年龄结构之间的关系 ,就成为了解和掌握毛竹林内部规律 ,实现毛竹林丰产、高产和稳产的重要内容之一。在毛竹林的优化经营过程中 ,平均胸径与立竹密度是影响毛竹林产量的 2…     

浙江毛竹林分非空间结构特征及其动态变化

利用2004与2009年浙江省两期森林连续清查毛竹样地数据,应用因子分析、聚类分析、相关分析、多元方差分析及核密度估计方法,采用7个指标(样地生物量,样地株数,林分平均胸径,1,2,3和≥4度竹所占比例)描述毛竹林分非空间结构特征。结果表明:毛竹林分非空间结构特征的主导因素依次为年龄结构因子、样地生物量因子、林分平均胸径因子;浙江现有毛竹林老龄化问题较突出,林分中各龄级所占比极不合理,现有经营措施存在较大缺陷,从而使林分生产力衰退;样地株数较少时,林分平均胸径与样地株数几乎没有相关性,但随着样地毛竹株数的增加,表现出一定的负指数关系;影响毛竹林分生物量的主要因素依次是样地株数与林分平均胸径;7个指标中除3度竹所占比例没有显著差异外,其他指标都存在显著差异,使得毛竹林分非空间结构(由7个指标构成)在2004年与2009年存在显著性差异;平均胸径小于8.7 cm的林分随着毛竹的生长所占比重在减少,而平均胸径大于8.7 cm的林分在增加,这也说明2009年林分平均胸径比2004年显著增大,样地株数和林分生物量与林分平均胸径有类似的趋势。研究结果对毛竹林的可持续经营与固碳功能的提高有一定的参考价值。     

毛竹林生长量影响因子的分析研究

本文以毛竹林为研究对象，对不同竹林结构，及不同气象条件下毛竹林生长量的变化进行了分析探讨。研究表明，毛竹林自身结构及外界条件对毛竹林的生长量，即出笋数、成竹数及新竹胸径均有影响。影响不同留竹度数竹林新竹胸径的主导因子是竹林叶面积指数和成竹当年3、4月份的降雨量。而影响不同立竹度竹林出笋数的主导因子则是竹林叶面积指数、平均胸径、前一年的出笋数、前一年7、8、9月和当年3月的降雨量。     

闽北毛竹林土壤有机碳含量特征及其影响因素

以闽北毛竹林为研究对象,通过野外调查获取林分、地形和土壤相关基础数据,分析毛竹林土壤有机碳含量与林分因子及地形因子间的关系,探讨毛竹林土壤有机碳含量的主要影响因子。结果表明:闽北毛竹林土壤有机碳含量随土层深度的增加而逐渐减小,总体均值为(25.55±12.05)g·kg~(-1),变异系数为47.16%;不同土层中,毛竹林土壤有机碳含量与立竹度和海拔呈正相关关系,与叶面积指数和坡度呈负相关关系,且下坡位大于上坡位,阴坡高于阳坡。逐步回归分析和通径分析结果表明,海拔、立竹度和叶面积指数是毛竹林土壤有机碳含量的主要影响因子,并构建利用海拔、立竹度和叶面积指数估算闽北毛竹林土壤有机碳含量的回归方程。该结果对准确估算森林碳储量具有重要意义。     

安徽铜陵毛竹林生长与土壤特点分析

对安徽铜陵叶山林场现有毛竹林生长状况与土壤特点进行了调查分析,结果表明,不同立地条件下毛竹林生长差异显著,其平均胸径为8.2~10.1cm、胸高断面积为14.92~20.89m2.hm-2,且在海拔梯度上,中下坡毛竹林的生长指标显著高于上坡竹林。各林分土壤粘重、板结,表层土壤养分有效性较低,特别是速效磷更低。相关分析结果显示林分生产量与表层土壤容重、孔隙度、速效性氮磷含量存在显著相关性。     

基于非空间结构的浙江省毛竹林固碳潜力

在毛竹单株生物量模型及其林分特征的基础上,构建基于非空间结构的毛竹林固碳潜力模型,并阐述模型的生物学意义;应用Matlab提供的Linprog函数与Solve函数,对所建模型在满足约束条件下进行优化求解,结果表明,当1度竹、2度竹、3度竹和≥4度竹占毛竹样地总株数的百分比均为0.25,毛竹林分立竹度为4363株·hm-2,平均胸径为12.1691cm时,毛竹林碳储量达到最大,其值为42220.2149kg·hm-2;根据优化结果与2004年浙江省毛竹林结构现状,提出增加毛竹林固碳量的一些措施。     

撩壕施肥对毛竹林分结构的影响

历时10年对撩壕施肥的毛竹林生长特性和林分结构变化进行调查研究,结果表明:(1)不同径级毛竹均分布在林分密度3 750~10 305株/hm~2的中密度到高密度的范围之内,当林分密度为8 250株/hm~2的中密度时,林分平均胸径和新竹平均胸径达到生长高峰;当林分密度为10 305株/hm~2的高密度时,平均枝下高、秆全高和枝下高占全高的比例也达到最大值。(2)撩壕施肥竹林立竹株数为8 625株/hm~2,其中胸径12~17 cm的大径竹占该竹林总株数61.2%,比对照竹林增加4.02倍;胸径9~11 cm的中径竹占该竹林总株数33.2%,比对照竹林增加38.4%;胸径8 cm以下的小径竹占该竹林总株数5.6%,为对照竹林的87.4%。(3)撩壕施肥竹林Ⅰ~Ⅳ度竹为幼、壮、中龄竹,立竹株数和蓄积量占林分比例均在70%以上,处于绝对优势,繁殖功能旺盛;Ⅴ~Ⅶ度竹为次老龄竹和老龄竹,立竹株数和蓄积量占林分比例均在30%以下,繁殖能力有所下降,但因能增加立竹密度,有利于为新竹提供营养。     

雨雪冰冻灾害对毛竹林的影响及恢复技术研究综述

在总结毛竹林雨雪冰冻灾害特征的基础上,综述了海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位、土层厚度等环境因子对毛竹林灾害程度的影响,认为海拔、坡度是主要的环境影响因子。竹林经营类型(纯林、混交林)、立竹密度、立竹年龄结构、大小年等林分结构状况与灾害程度密切相关。指出了毛竹林混交经营,合理林分结构建立,科学施肥,立竹钩梢等毛竹林预防雨雪冰冻灾害和灾后恢复技术,总结提出了毛竹林雨雪冰冻灾害影响因子,增强抵御雨雪冰冻灾害能力的林分结构模式优化,灾后快速恢复及经济效益提高或稳定的竹林复合经营等需重点研究的方向。     

安徽霍山毛竹林生产力及其土壤养分的特点

为了研究安徽霍山地区不同立地条件下毛竹林地土壤肥力与生产力的相关性,对该地区毛竹盛产地大化坪镇和佛子岭镇的天然毛竹林进行了调查.结果表明:霍山地区毛竹的平均胸径为10.74 cm,平均树高为14.46 m,立竹度为0.26,平均胸高断面积为20.36 m~2·hm~-2,林分平均密度为2 496.87株·hm~-2;各...     

毛竹林生态系统经济阈值模型的研究

如何确定合理的挖笋量是毛竹林丰产经营的关键问题。本文通过在建瓯设立50块毛竹林标准地，分别建立了毛竹林笋产量预测模型与林分平均胸径预测模型。在此基础上，运用经济阈值的手段对毛竹林生态系统进行研究。提出了毛竹林生态系统经济阈值的概念及研究方法，建立了毛竹林生态系统经济阈值模型。并结合实例对毛竹林生态系统经济阈值模型的应用给予了说明。本研究不仅丰富了经济阈值的研究内容与应用范畴，而且也为毛竹林的优化经营和丰产培育提供新的依据与技术。     

Population structure of Carapa guianensis in two forest types in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon

Carapa guianensis Aublet. is a tropical tree with strong multiple-use characteristics, and is valued for both the high quality oil extracted from its seeds and as a timber resource. This study compares the population structure of this economically important rainforest tree in two contrasting forest types: occasionally inundated and terra firme forests. Main study objectives were (a) to assess the density, spatial distribution, and size class structure of C. guianensis in these two forest types and (b) to use patterns of abundance, distribution and demographic structure to help infer key demographic stages or ecological variables that merit special focus for management. Four 400 m × 400 m plots, two in each forest type, were established to determine distribution and density patterns of C. guianensis ≥10 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) at the landscape level, and 32 10 m × 10 m subplots were randomly nested within each of the larger plots to measure individuals <10 cm dbh. Larger individuals (≥10 cm dbh) were found at higher densities in occasionally inundated forest than in terra firme forest: 25.7 trees ha⁻¹ and 14.6 trees ha⁻¹, respectively. Mean density of C. guianensis individuals <10 cm dbh was also higher in occasionally inundated forests, but variation of regeneration density among the subplots was high. Spatial distribution methods revealed a tendency toward clumping in both forest types, and both had similar size class structures, suggesting that both environments are suitable for C. guianensis. This new finding illustrates the potential for C. guianensis management in terra firme forests. High densities and clumped distributions in both forest types are also indices favorable for sustainable species management. Finally, several ecological variables (tree density and reproductive potential) were sufficiently different between terra firme and occasionally inundated forests to recommend stratification by forest type when conducting further studies on key ecological and management variables of C. guianensis.     

Additive biomass equations for small diameter trees of temperate mixed deciduous forests

The carbon stored in small diameter trees of temperate forests has been ignored in most studies and there is a lack of biomass equations for this component of forests. We harvested nine main tree species at sapling stage (dbh?相似文献   

峦大杉引种造林试验

峦大杉经 12a的引种造林试验表明 :1年生苗平均高 2 0 5cm ,平均地径 0 37cm ;造林后第 12a林分平均树高 10 4～11 1m ,胸径 13 5～ 14 1cm ;造林初期生长缓慢 ,树高在第 2a后、胸径在第 4a后年生长量与本地杉木无显著差异 ;12年生的纯林与混交林树高、胸径值差异不显著 ;育苗与造林技术均容易掌握 ,具有重要的引种价值。     

Relationships between diameter and height of trees in natural tropical forest in Tanzania

The relationship between tree height (h) and tree diameter at breast height (dbh) is an important element describing forest stands. In addition, h often is a required variable in volume and biomass models. Measurements of h are, however, more time consuming compared to those of dbh, and visual obstructions, rounded crown forms, leaning trees and terrain slopes represent additional error sources for h measurements. The aim of this study was therefore to develop h–dbh relationship models for natural tropical forest in Tanzania. Both general forest type specific models and models for tree species groups were developed. A comprehensive data set with 2 623 trees from 410 different tree species collected from a total of 1 191 plots and 38 sites covering the four main forest types of miombo woodland, acacia savanna, montane forest and lowland forests was applied. Tree species groups were constructed by using a k-means clustering procedure based on the h–dbh allometry, and a number of different non-linear model forms were tested. When considering the complexity of natural tropical forests in general and in particular variations of h–dbh relationships due to high species diversity in such forests, the model fit and performance were considered to be appropriate. Results also indicate that tree species group models perform better than forest type models. Despite the fact that the residual errors level associated with the models were relatively high, the models are still considered to be applicable for large parts of Tanzanian forests with an appropriate level of reliability.     

Long-term spatial dynamics in an old-growth deciduous forest

In 1926, 1976, and 1986 stems (≥ 10 cm diameter at 1.37 m (dbh)) were measured and mapped in a 4 ha interior study area on the Davis-Purdue Research Forest in east-central Indiana. Spatial pattern type was determined using the Clark and Evans's index, and Ripley's L function. The G function was used to examine spatial dispersion at intertree distances (< 20 m). Spatial pattern of combined size classes shifted from weakly non-random in 1926 to uniform in 1976 and 1986. Neighborhood density was depressed for 2 m in 1976 and 5 m in 1986. Peak in neighborhood density at 6 m suggested trees were spaced 6 m apart. Subcanopy (10–25 cm dbh) tree spatial pattern shifted from aggregated in 1926 to uniform in 1976. The spatial pattern of canopy (> 25 dbh) trees was uniform between 1926 and 1986. Density-dependent mortality and ingrowth processes are maintaining uniform spatial distributions. Initial neighborhood tree distribution was higher around trees which died in the periods 1926–1976 and 1976–1986 than for contemporary survivors, i.e. trees which survived this period had fewer neighboring trees within 6 m at the beginning of the period than did trees which died. The higher initial neighborhood densities around mortality trees than survivors supports density-dependent mortality. Ingrowth was inhibited in a 6 m zone proximite to established trees for both the 1926–1976 and 1976–1986 periods.     

马尾松造林密度试验研究

通过对马尾松4种造林密度的定位观测分析结果表明，不同造林密度对胸径、单株村积生长的影响达到显著性差异，对树高生长影响差异不显著，不同密度林分径级分布差异明显，密度为2500株／hm2和1250株／hm2的林分，其胸径≤6cm径阶的株数占57．2％和45．9％，≥8cm径阶的株数占42．8％和54．1％；而密度为10000株／hm2和5000株／hm2的林分，其胸径≤6cm径阶的株数占89．6％和76％，≥8cm径阶的株数占10．4％和24％；不同径级林分的合理密度通过胸径与树冠面积的相关关系，用回归直线方程y=a＋bx分别求得各胸径最低保留株数，作为间伐强度、间伐开始期和间伐重复期的参考依据。     

Regeneration dynamics and sylvigenesis in the moist deciduous forests of southwest India

Sustained management of natural forest depends on their ability to regenerate. The pace at which older trees are replaced by younger ones is important in this respect. This study was conducted to assess the demographic details of natural regeneration dynamics of south Indian moist deciduous forests. The status of natural regeneration has been assessed in eight localities of varying levels of disturbance in Thrissur Forest Division of Kerala State of southwest India. Enumeration of trees and their regeneration were analyzed at three levels of organization; whole-stand, stratum, and species.The trees of the forest were grouped into upper, middle and lower vertical strata. Species richness was highest in the middle stratum. Upper stratum species were commercially important. The mean basal area for the Forest Division was 12.83 m²/ha. and average number of trees per hectare (>=20 cm dbh) was 150. Regeneration of the upper stratum species was higher at about 10% gap in the canopy.The growing stock of established seedlings and saplings (height > 100 cm and dbh <=10cm) was very low compared to unestablished seedlings (height <=100 cm). Owing to very low survival probability in the sapling stage (dbh >=1 cm to <=10 cm), a low numbers of poles (dbh >=10 cm to <=20 cm) in the upper stratum was observed. Presence of fire, grazing, browsing and over expoitation by humans are the major constraints of natural regeneration recognized in these forests.     

林木根径与胸径回归模型的建立与应用：以延安北部天然林主要树种为例

通过对陕西天然林几个主要树种根径与胸径的回归分析，回归模型的建立及相关关系进行显著性检验。结果表明，根径与胸径间存在着密切、显著的直线回归关系，根径与胸径间存在着确定的函数关系，所建立的回归模型是成立的、可用的，从而为以根径推算胸径，计算出某一树种单株材积提供了一个方便可行的方法，在营林实践中很有使用价值。     

马尾松人工中近熟林冠下套种阔叶树技术研究

在三明莘口教学林场1959年营造的马尾松人工林内,分别于1984、1990、1991年套种阔叶树研究结果表明:马尾松林冠下套种闽粤栲效果最好,15年生时,闽粤栲平均胸径达15.4 cm,平均树高达16.4 m,蓄积达到171.70 m3.hm-2,显著地增加了林地单位面积的林木蓄积量。闽粤栲是福建乡土树种,适应性广,较为速生,可用于中、近成熟马尾松林的套种栽培。     

Forest Structure Under Different Management Regimes in the Western Lowlands of Nepal

ABSTRACT

For landscape level conservation and rural sustenance, forests outside of protected areas are becoming increasingly important. Since most outside forests in the lowlands of Nepal are under government control and utilized as open access resources, their feasibility to achieve these objectives is questionable. We compared forests inside (with three decades of strict protection) and outside of protected areas (under government control and proposed as community forests) to assess the ecological sustainability of outside forests and to provide baseline data on structure of outside forests so that effectiveness of community forestry (after implementation) can be evaluated in the future. Our results indicate that outside forests were in a degraded condition with low tree, sapling and seedling densities and lower species diversity. Trees in lower dbh (diameter at breast height) classes were absent in these forests. Although the canopy layer was not significantly different, the ordination of plots and species showed that species composition of understory and the ground layer were different than protected forests. The present condition of outside forests is not only ecologically unsustainable but also cannot fulfill the demands for forest products of local people. The inefficiency of government to monitor against exploitation has been responsible for present conditions. We recommend that community forestry programs, which are successful in improving conditions of degraded forests in the mountains of Nepal, should be widely implemented in lowland areas (Terai) and proposed community forests should be handed over to local communities as soon as it is practicable.