东莞大屏嶂森林种群空间分布格局

森林种群的空间分布格局分析是研究种群间关系的重要手段,采用Ripley's K函数方法对广东省东莞大屏嶂森林公园的森林种群进行了分析,结果表明:森林优势种群为黄牛木(Cratoxylaum cochinchinese)、破布叶(Microcos paniculata)和小叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsis myrs...     

细柄阿丁枫天然林种群空间分布格局

采用频次分布法、聚集度指标法和回归分析法对周宁县细柄阿丁枫天然林种群分布格局进行研究。结果表明这种树种空间分布型均符合Neyman分布(聚集分布)。     

五脑山枳椇天然种群分布格局研究

以麻城市五脑山枳椇天然种群为研究对象设置4块样地,采用相邻格子法进行每木调查,并采用Poisson分布拟合及χ^2检验等测度方式,对枳椇种群空间分布格局及聚集强度进行研究。结果表明:枳椇种群不同龄级植株均呈聚集分布;幼龄植株分布格局强度和种群聚集强度均高于中龄植株;随取样尺度的增大,种群分布格局升高,聚集强度下降,平均拥挤度上升;不同的取样尺度中,幼龄植株、中龄植株和全部种群植株分布格局均未出现分布拐点。     

杨干透翅蛾种群空间分布型及其应用的研究

利用平均拥挤度、扩散指数等5种聚集度指标以及Iwao回归模型、Taylor冥法则等方法分析了杨干透翅蛾幼虫种群的空间分布型。对结果分析得到杨干透翅蛾幼虫种群在林内呈现聚集分布,并且聚集度高;采用聚集均数法进行进一步分析表明聚集原因主要为生物学特性所致。同时,对杨干透翅蛾幼虫种群的理论抽样数和序贯抽样技术进行了初步研究。     

竹梢凸唇斑蚜空间分布型及抽样技术研究

应用Taylor幂法则和Iwao回归法,对竹梢凸唇斑蚜空间分布型及抽样技术进行了研究,并进行了影响因素分析.结果表明:竹梢凸唇斑蚜在竹林间呈聚集分布,且符合负二项分布,聚集强度随种群密度的升高而增加;种群聚集主要是由昆虫本身的习性和某些环境因素引起.在空间分布型研究的基础上提出了理论抽样数和序贯抽样方案.     

黄牛木种群生长模型及动态模拟

为了解黄牛木（Cratoxylum cochinchinense）的生长规律和种群动态，促进其在城市林业和景观生态方面的应用和推广，研究通过对典型样地内黄牛木种群生长因子的测定，运用SPSS、ArcGIS 等软件进行数据整理和分析，构建种群树高、冠幅、数量与胸径的相互关系函数模型，绘制种群生长变化三维模拟图，直观地呈现种群的生长规律和变化动态。结果表明：茶山和白云山样地的黄牛木生长呈现“金字塔型”，为增长型种群，石花山样地黄牛木生长呈现“纺锤型”，为稳定型种群；茶山样地生境比较稳定，白云山样地生境相对稳定，石花山样地生长压力大干扰黄牛木生长；树高（y1）、冠幅（y2）与胸径（x）的最佳拟合模型为幂函数，数量（y3）与胸径（x）的最佳拟合模型为指数函数；现阶段，各样地黄牛木还处于生长期，未来，黄牛木个体数量将随时间推移逐渐向中老径阶集中，老龄个体增多，幼龄个体减少，因此要加强对黄牛木生长动态的监测和管理，适时地采取合理的护林抚育措施，从而促进黄牛木天然林的演替与更新。     

油松飞播林油松毛虫空间分布型初步研究

由频次分布X~2检验法和聚集度指标法统计结果表明,油松毛虫在油松飞播纯林空间分布型为负二项分布。其聚集的程度随着种群密度的升高而增大。种群的扩散为聚集型扩散。结果还表明,种群中是以个体群存在的。个体群的平均大小亦随着虫口密度的升高而增大。在一定的允许误差(0.1、0.2、0.3)内,最适抽样数分别为168株、45株和20株。并且与虫口密度关系不密切。     

粽粑竹无性系种群结构及空间分布格局

从年龄结构、径级结构、高度级结构3方面分析了粽粑竹无性系种群的结构特征,采用Greig-Smith的相邻格子样方调查法和方差/均值比率法、聚集度指标法分析了粽粑竹无性系种群的空间分布特征。结果表明,Ⅱ龄级的分株所占比例最高(42.3%),其次是Ⅰ龄级的分株(28.9%),表明粽粑竹无性系种群年龄结构呈增长型;地径主要分布在0.81~1.40cm,占总分株数的88.54%;高度主要集中在169.1~229.0 cm,占总分株数的51.8%。粽粑竹无性系种群空间分布格局与龄级有关,除Ⅰ龄级呈随机分布外,其余均为聚集分布。     

昆虫种群复合空间分布型的研究

本文提出了昆虫种群空间分布型间复合的三种可能途径:简单转化和两类复合;对这些分布的研究可以更清楚地解释种群空间分布格局的形成和机理。文中提出的判定复合分布型的方法包括:扩散系效法,空间相关法和改参数法;它们分别用于判定分布的聚集与否,聚集的范围和具体的分布型。对马尾松毛虫幼虫分布的研究表明,本文的模型和方法可以提供许多传统分布方法无法得到的关于分布型形成机理的信息。     

基株和无性系水平上的仙湖苏铁种群分布格局

从基株种群和无性系种群2个水平研究了仙湖苏铁种群的空间分布格局。结果表明:仙湖苏铁种群趋向于聚集分布,不同龄级种群的分布格局不同,基株种群幼苗级、幼树级呈随机分布,中年级和成年级呈聚集分布;无性系种群幼苗级表现为随机分布,其它3个年龄级呈现聚集分布。幼苗贮备的不足将严重影响种群的发展,使濒危程度进一步加剧。     

无性系和株行距对杨树人工林生长和树冠结构的影响

【目的】探索无性系、株行距及两者交互作用对杨树人工林的林木生长和树冠结构的影响。【方法】采用双因素随机试验设计,通过调查36块13年生杨树样地胸径、树高、活枝下高和冠幅等指标,以综合指数法构建3个林分综合指数(生长指数、冠形指数、干冠协调指数)。【结果】南林95杨和南林895杨的胸径、树高和生长指数显著高于南林797杨(P <0.05)。南林797杨的冠幅、树冠体积和树冠圆满度显著高于南林895杨,与南林95杨差异不显著(P> 0.05)。株行距为6 m×6 m和4.5 m×8 m的林分胸径、冠形指数和生长指数均显著高于5 m×5 m和3 m×8 m林分,不同密度林分对树高影响不显著(P> 0.05)。在相同密度条件下,正方形和长方形配置对东西和南北冠幅有显著影响,较大株行距促进树冠生长,但对胸径、树高和平均冠幅等影响不显著(P> 0.05)。无性系和株行距对冠长、活冠比、树冠表面积和干冠协调指数影响均不显著,且无性系和株行距对林木生长和树冠结构均无显著交互作用(P> 0.05)。【结论】杨树无性系对林木胸径、树高和树冠结构的影响大于株行距。综合考虑林木生长和树冠结构等两个方面,在类似的立地条件上,相比于其它无性系和配置方式,以南林95杨在种植株行距为6 m×6 m(278株/hm^2)时具有培育大胸径林木的潜力,适于培育速生、优质大径材。     

半干热石质山地墨西哥柏伴生树种选择研究

在云南省开远市浑水塘试验地设置了35个20 m×20 m的标准地,对标准地内4 a生的主要造林树种墨西哥柏及4个供选伴生树种（羽叶山黄麻、新银合欢、直干桉、赤桉）地径、树高、胸径、冠幅分别进行测量,选择平均木,对平均木生物量、生长量进行测定.经数据分析后认为,新银合欢生长速度慢于墨西哥柏且枝少叶疏,适宜作为墨西哥柏的伴生树种,羽叶山黄麻冠幅虽大,但枝叶稀疏,可作为墨西哥柏的次适宜伴生树种.     

Spatial partitioning of biomass and diversity in a lowland Bolivian forest: Linking field and remote sensing measurements

Large-scale inventories of forest biomass and structure are necessary for both understanding carbon dynamics and conserving biodiversity. High-resolution satellite imagery is starting to enable structural analysis of tropical forests over large areas, but we lack an understanding of how tropical forest biomass links to remote sensing. We quantified the spatial distribution of biomass and tree species diversity over 4 ha in a Bolivian lowland moist tropical forest, and then linked our field measurements to high-resolution Quickbird satellite imagery. Our field measurements showed that emergent and canopy dominant trees, being those directly visible from nadir remote sensors, comprised the highest diversity of tree species, represented 86% of all tree species found in our study plots, and contained the majority of forest biomass. Emergent trees obscured 1–15 trees with trunk diameters (at 1.3 m, diameter at breast height (DBH)) ≥20 cm, thus hiding 30–50% of forest biomass from nadir viewing. Allometric equations were developed to link remotely visible crown features to stand parameters, showing that the maximum tree crown length explains 50–70% of the individual tree biomass. We then developed correction equations to derive aboveground forest biomass, basal area, and tree density from tree crowns visible to nadir satellites. We applied an automated tree crown delineation procedure to a high-resolution panchromatic Quickbird image of our study area, which showed promise for identification of forest biomass at community scales, but which also highlighted the difficulties of remotely sensing forest structure at the individual tree level.     

不同密度杉木林分下套种闽楠的生长分析

以福建省顺昌县杉木-闽楠复层林为研究对象,对不同保留密度杉木林下套种闽楠的林分生长进行调查分析。结果表明,随着杉木保留密度的增加,闽楠的平均胸径、树高、单株材积、冠幅、枝下高以及最大分枝粗均降低。西坑试验点内,1~6号样地(杉木保留密度为180株·hm^-2)的林下闽楠平均胸径和树高较7~8号样地(杉木保留密度为480株·hm^-2)的分别增加149.01%和88.95%;八一工区试验点内,1~2号样地(杉木保留密度为485株·hm^-2)的林下闽楠平均胸径和树高较3~4号(杉木保留密度为630株·hm^-2)、5~6号样地(杉木保留密度为825株·hm^-2)分别提高了19.75%、7.02%和40.04%、42.46%;西坑试验点内,1~6号样地,胸径超过30 cm的杉木株数占杉木总株数的88.30%,径阶分布更集中,7~8号样地,这一比例则仅为69.40%;八一工区试验地内,1~2号样地,胸径30~40 cm的杉木株数占杉木总株数的比例较3~4号、5~6号样地分别提高了70.89%和221.29%。结果表明,降低杉木保留密度(或增加间伐强度)有利于下层闽楠的生长和上层杉木大径材的培育。     

Establishment of Permanent Sample Plots and Analysis of Stand Characteristics for Interior Douglas-Fir Forests

INTRODUCTIONDonglas-fir(PseudoIstgumenziesiivar.ghaca(Mirb.)Franco)isamaintimbcrtreesPeciesgrowinginthcwestcoastandthenorthintcriorofB.C.,Canada.klthoughsomeoftheDouglas-fi,treesmaygrOwoverloominheightoncoastalsites,theymaygrowmuchsmalleroninteriorsitesth…     

Influence of biomechanics and growing space on tree growth in young Pinus sylvestris stands

We tested hypotheses on the effect of growing space and biomechanics on tree growth, using data from two field experiments where Scots pine seedlings had been planted in a fixed but systematically irregular pattern. After 16 or 18 years, respectively, stem diameter was measured at 1.3 m (d_1.3) and 0.3 m above ground (d_0.3). Total tree height, length and diameter of the crown, and height to crown gravity point were also measured. Analyses were split in two parts: influence of growing space on tree and crown dimensions, and biomechanical influence of the crown on stem diameter. The results showed that crown size was closely related to tree height, and that there was a small but statistically significant effect of growing space on both crown size and shape. The biomechanical model explained about 85% of the variation in stem diameter, but growing space had no influence on this relationship, indicating that the wind load absorbed by a given crown size was not affected by growing space. The results were discussed in relation to future growth modelling and new ways of estimating site productivity.     

银杏树冠结构对主干直径和干形的影响

以19年生实生银杏为研究对象,每木检尺,研究了银杏树冠的结构因子一级侧枝的层性、数量和基径对主干直径和干形的影响,主要结果如下:(1)银杏主干上一级侧枝分布的层性和不均衡,导致了主干不同部位生长量分配的差异,表现为随着树冠高度的增加,一级枝数量在树冠垂直方向上呈现“一年小一年大”的波动式变化;一级侧枝层的层间距在0.58~0.82m之间;某层侧枝数量少时,该层上方的层间距较大,反之亦然。(2)树冠上不同层次的一级侧枝及其数量和基径的差异引起主干直径与材积的不均匀分布,导致树干形质发生变化,表现为一级侧枝的基径随着树冠的高度增加呈现“升高-降低”的变化趋势,且树冠中部的一级侧枝的基径较大;每一轮的侧枝使该层侧枝上部的主干不同程度地变细。随着一级侧枝层的上移,侧枝层使胸高形率呈现缩小的变化趋势。一级侧枝直径生长影响着主干上下部直径增量的分配。     

陕西红花椒树冠结构对产量的影响

根据花椒树冠结构与产量的关系,确定影响花椒产量的主要结构因素,为丰产管理提供依据.对4个品种('大红袍'豆椒'黄盖狮子头'小红袍')的树龄、地径、树高、冠幅、标准枝(结果枝)数和产量进行调查,分析产量与树冠结构因子的关系.结果表明:(1)花椒适宜栽植密度约50株/666.7m2,栽植后树高应控制在2.50 m左右...     

Structure of pollarded oak forest in relation to aspect in Northern Zagros,Iran

We analyzed the structure of pollarded oak forest and biometric indices of pollarded oak species in relation to aspect in northern Zagros forests, western Iran. A number of 319 circular plots (0.1 ha) were established using a systematic random method over the study area. In each plot, for all trees (diameter at breast height ≥5 cm) diameter was measured and tree species was recorded. Total height, trunk height, and major and minor diameter axis of the crown of two trees in each plot (nearest tree to the center of the plot and the largest tree in term of diameter) were measured. As the dispersion of slope and altitude classes in the study area were identical, the effect of these factors was assumed to be constant. To evaluate the effect of aspect on biometric indices of oak trees a comparison was used for each oak species separately. The results indicated that the forest species composition differed statistically significant in main aspects except for easterly and westerly aspects (P < 0.01). The diameter of similar oak trees was significantly different except for Lebanon oak in northerly and southerly and Gall oak in easterly and westerly aspects (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the total height and crown area of similar oak species in different aspects. Differences in diameter, height, and crown area distributions showed a significant difference in main aspects. The basal area and tree density in northerly and southerly aspects were significantly different (P < 0.05).