广州亚运会足球场草坪质量的综合评价

本研究对广州亚运会16块足球场草坪质量运用层次分析法（AHP）和模糊数学综合评判方法进行质量综合评价,评价指标包括平整度、牵引力、滚动摩擦、回弹性、硬度、密度、盖度、高度、质地9项指标。基于各评价指标的现场测定结果,运用层次分析法给各指标分别配以权重,然后构建权重矩阵,结合模糊数学综合评判方法,计算出草坪质量的综合评价值,并确定出相应的质量等级。评价结果表明,16块球场草坪质量总体上良好,其中3块达到优秀等级,12块良好等级,1块中等等级,与实际情况相符,证明此方法可用于足球场草坪质量的综合评价,具有一定的科学性,结果准确度较高。     

基于投影寻踪的西藏野生波伐早熟禾坪用价值评价

针对以往草坪质量评价方法存在人为权重赋值误差,以及计算繁琐等方面的问题,提出了对草坪坪用质量指标综合评价的投影寻踪等级评价方法。该方法依据标准样本自身的数据特性寻求最佳投影方向,通过最佳投影方向与评价指标的线性投影得到投影指标值,依据投影指标值对样本进行统一评价和分类,并利用最佳投影方向判断各评价指标对综合评价目标的贡献大小。应用该方法较好地对西藏林芝地区野生波伐早熟禾(Poa poophagorum Bor)的坪用等级进行了评价,并对单一坪用指标对坪用质量综合评价的贡献进行了分析,波伐早熟禾草坪等级为4级;此评价方法精确度较高,分析结果平均绝对误差为0.15%,平均相对误差为6.21%。     

果岭草坪质量评价及改良建议

对北京克劳沃双桥基地的高尔夫练习场果岭草坪进行现场监测和实验室化验分析,参照新西兰果岭草坪质量评价标准对果岭草坪质量进行评价.根据各项测定结果,分析了各个因素对果岭草坪质量的影响;根据各个影响因素在果岭草坪质量综合评价中权重的不同,对克劳沃双桥基地的果岭草坪质量进行了综合评价并提出了改良措施.综合评价结果表明,果岭草坪综合质量指数仅为54.0,果岭草坪的质量水平较差,需要加强日常维护和管理.     

秦皇岛市草坪土壤肥力数值化综合评价与对策研究

以秦皇岛市草坪土壤为例,对土壤的理化性质进行了室内分析,并根据各肥力因子的植物效应建立了相应的隶属度函数,计算出各评价指标的隶属度值;利用主成分分析法,确定各评价指标的权重,通过模糊数学法对土壤肥力进行了综合评价。结果表明,秦皇岛市草坪土壤综合肥力水平较低,主要限制因子为容重、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾。评价结果与草坪草生长状况相一致,表明该评价方法能准确、客观地评价草坪土壤的肥力水平,具有一定的应用价值。针对评价结果得出的土壤肥力限制因子,提出了提高土壤肥力的管理措施,对秦皇岛市草坪土壤的维护和治理提供了重要的指导和参考依据。     

城市草坪土壤肥力综合评价

本文以河北科技师范学院昌黎校区草坪土壤为例,测定分析了土壤容重、pH值、阳离子交换量(CEC)、全盐含量、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等理化性质,并对土壤各肥力因子进行了数值化处理。通过隶属度函数和偏相关分析,确定了各肥力因子的隶属度值及其权重,并利用模糊数学评价方法对土壤肥力进行了综合评价。研究结果显示,河北科技师范学院昌黎校区草坪土壤综合肥力水平低,与草坪质量状况相吻合,表明该评价方法具有可行性,有助于科学、合理、准确地评价城市草坪土壤肥力状况,提高土壤肥力,改善草坪质量。     

草坪质量评价指标体系与评价方法探讨

从草坪质量的内涵出发,在分析、综合、归纳国内外草坪学者草坪质量评价指标体系的基础上,建立了草坪的外观、生态、使用质量的综合评价指标体系及其评价方法。实例证明该评价指标体系和评价方法具有较强的科学性和普遍适应性,评价结果客观实际,具有一定的推广价值,有助于加强草坪的养护管理和提高草坪的规划设计。     

冬季追播草坪建立质量评价体系的探讨

在分析和比较国内外众多的草坪质量评价方法的基础上,结合当前进行的狗牙根运动草坪冬季追播实验,提出了一套较为完整的冬季追播草坪的质量评价体系。该体系的建立主要根据追播草坪中两种不同类型草的群落演替变化规律,将追播草坪划分为三个不同的生长时期进行分段评价,然后根据不同时期在整个追播草坪生活史中所占比例分别给予相应的权重,在进行距阵计算后即可得出该草坪的质量评分。     

草坪质量的模糊综合评判法研究

草坪感官质量评价的模糊性与直观性，以及草坪的种类及使用目的的不同，导致了草坪质量评定的复杂性与难度。至今国内外均无统一的评估方法。因此，在直观目测、触感、定性描述及简易测定的基础上，探索量化方法，进行多指标的综合评判是草坪质量评价的客观要求。文章将模糊综合评判法应用于草坪质量的评定，作了理论性探索，具有一定的科学性和适用性。     

冬季追播草坪建立质量评价体系的探讨

在分析和比较国内外众多的草坪质量评价方法的基础上，结合当前进行的狗牙根运动草坪冬季追播实验，提出了一套较为完整的冬季追播草坪的质量评价体系。该体系的建立主要根据追播草坪中两种不同类型草的群落演替变化规律，将追播草坪划分为三个不同的生长时期进行分段评价，然后根据不同时期在整个追播草坪生活史中所占比例分别给予相应的权重，在进行距阵计算后即可得出该草坪的质量评分。     

西宁市朝阳地区斜面草坪的建植与品质评定

通过对青海西宁朝阳区高速公路网斜面护坡不同品种草坪的建植,总结斜面草坪在西宁地区的建植技术,并根据不同类型草坪评价指标的权重,对草坪的密度、质地、叶色、均一性、覆盖度、越冬力、草坪强度等7项指标进行了测定,结果表明:在西宁地区用紫羊茅+高羊茅+多年生黑麦草直播和草地早熟禾直播建植斜面草坪,在观赏和水土保持性能方面表现突出,可在西宁地区斜坡绿化地带推广。     

猪重大疫病风险评估体系和评估方法

为了分析评估猪重大疫病发生风险,为防控决策提供基础依据。依据评价指标选取原则,通过调查分析、资料检索和专家论证,筛选确定风险指标;利用层次分析法确定设置风险指标权重;依照各项指标的关联性,根据概率论运算法则和数理统计加权综合法,建立评估模型;依据综合评估原理和运算法则,运用计算机技术建立综合估算系统。通过研究,建立了由评估指标结构框架、指标权重系数、指标量化评价标准、评估数学模型、综合估算系统和风险等级标准组成的,适合柳州当地实际的区域性、内源性猪重大疫病风险评估体系。应用表明,建立的猪重大疫病风险评估体系可从时间、空间、水平三方面评估风险,应用于基层防控有现实指导意义。     

基于PB 和 RBF 神经网络模型的草坪质量综合评价

 依据现有的草坪质量评价指标体系,于２０１０年调查了２０个草地早熟禾品种成坪后的１１项指标,包括草坪的密度、质地、颜色、均一性、绿期、抗病性、盖度、耐践踏性、成坪速度、草坪强度以及生物量。然后,运用神经网络原理及Ｍａｔｌａｂ神经网络工具箱,以其中的１５个草地早熟禾品种成坪后的１１项指标的实地调查值作为网络输入,以专家打分作为网络输出,通过不断调整网络训练参数,使网络性能达到最优,构建了草坪质量综合评价的ＢＰ 和ＲＢＦ神经网络模型,并给出了ＢＰ和ＲＢＦ神经网络模型的分析方法及其Ｍａｔｌａｂ实现步骤。利用训练好了的网络模型,对其余的５个草地早熟禾品种的综合质量评价得分进行网络预测,结果表明,ＲＢＦ神经网络的预测误差均小于２％,而ＢＰ神经网络的预测误差均大于５％,因此,基于ＲＢＦ神经网络模型的草坪质量评价结果比ＢＰ神经网络更准确,可以用于草坪质量综合评价。与常规的加权法、层次分析法或模糊综合评判法评价草坪质量相比,基于ＲＢＦ神经网络模型的草坪质量综合评价,在一定程度上减少了评价中主观因素的影响,简化了计算步骤,为草坪质量综合评价提供了一种全新的思路。     

Reproducibility of a semiquantitative method to assess cutaneous cytology

Background – Cutaneous cytology is used in veterinary dermatology to assess bacteria and yeast on the skin surface and in the ears for diagnostic purposes and to monitor treatment success. A number of methods were used in reported studies to quantify micro‐organisms on cytology, but evaluation of the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of the methods is rare. Objective – The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of a semiquantitative cytology assessment method frequently used in practice. Methods – A total of 60 experienced and inexperienced veterinarians and veterinary students were asked to evaluate 10 glass slides and 18 photographs of cutaneous cytology twice. Cocci, rods, yeast, neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes and macrophages were graded from 0 to 4+. Results – The intra‐observer reproducibility for evaluating the slides in the experienced group was 84.3%; in the inexperienced group it was 82.6%. For the photographs, the intra‐observer reproducibility was 92.1% in both groups. The interobserver reproducibility for evaluating the slides was 81.6 and 81.0% in the experienced and inexperienced group, respectively; corresponding values for the photographs were 91.0 and 90.0%. There was no significant difference between different participants or between the first and second evaluation by each participant for any of the parameters graded. Conclusion and clinical importance – Based on these results, this semiquantitative method of grading can be recommended for evaluating and monitoring of antimicrobial therapy in daily practice.     

Endometrial biopsy technique and uterine pathologic findings in llamas

Uterine tissue specimens from 90 llamas with history of infertility were examined and graded microscopically; 83 specimens were obtained by endometrial biopsy and 7 specimens were obtained at necropsy. Fifteen llamas (16.7%) had a normal uterus, which was graded 1A. Twenty-three llamas (25.6%) had minor uterine abnormalities that were graded 1B. Forty-five llamas (50.0%) had appreciable endometritis that was graded 2A. Three llamas (3.3%) had endometritis with gland fibrosis that was graded 2B. Two llamas (2.2%) had notable uterine gland fibrosis that was graded 3A. Two llamas (2.2%) had uterine neoplasia that was graded 3B. Thirty-six llamas had follow-up evaluation; 22 became pregnant, most after some form of treatment. Uterine biopsy in llamas was readily performed without complications and was valuable in identifying a wide range of uterine diseases, most of which were amenable to treatment.     

蜜蜂授粉效果评价的研究

蜜蜂授粉的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益，目前在我国引起一定重视，养蜂界进行了广泛的研究和应用，但是对蜜蜂授粉效果的科学评价仍是一个薄弱环节，国际上至令尚未形成一个统一的方法。本文将对蜜蜂授粉效果的评价方法，存在问题和注意事项进行阐述，以期引起同行重视，使蜜蜂授粉效果评价方法在发展中得到不断完善和规范，更加科学和准确。     

Determination of N metabolism parameters in an N increase trial in the rat using 15N tracers

3 groups of 8 Wistar rats each of a live weight of ca. 215 g received graded N supplements. A number of N metabolism parameters were ascertained and discussed. Among other things, the protein synthesis and degradation quotas were ascertained by means of the 15N tracer technique. For the assessment a 3-pool model was used, the content of which was in so far extended as growth and metabolic faecal nitrogen are concretely taken into consideration. A quasi-continuous method of supplementing the tracer was chosen; it was discontinued in approximately the middle of the experiment. Thus the labelling and abatement phases in urine could at the same time be included in the calculation. The protein synthesis quota increases with N intake. It can be concluded from the course of the graph that it gravitates towards a saturation value.     

风景园林景观规划方案综合评价体系的研究

在对风景园林景观规划方案各评价指标分析的基础上，建立风景园林景观规划方案评价指标体系。采用模糊数学综合评判模型与层次分析法相结合的方式，初步建立了风景园林景观规划方案模糊综合评价模型。结合实例评价，介绍了本模型的具体应用过程。     

Influence of Graded Levels of Organic Zinc on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Broilers

This study investigated the effect of graded levels of organic Zn (Bioplex Zn) on growth performance and carcass traits of broilers fed diets containing organic Se (Sel-Plex). Dietary treatments consisted of adding 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 ppm organic Zn to a basal diet containing 60 ppm Zn from an inorganic source. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion, and carcass traits were evaluated. Carcass evaluation was also performed on the last day of the experimental period. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion, and weights of individual meat cuts were not statistically influenced by increasing organic Zn levels in the diet. However, a significant increase in skin tearing strength was observed in response to increasing levels of dietary organic Zn. Zinc plays a role in epithelial cell layers and collagen synthesis, thus affecting susceptibility of skin to tearing. These data indicated that organic Zn does not affect growth performance of broilers but increases resistance of skin to tearing, therefore improving carcass quality.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.     

肉仔鸡体外消化模拟技术评定不同剂量植酸酶作用效果的研究

对肉仔鸡体外消化模拟技术评定不同剂量植酸酶在玉米-豆粕日粮中作用效果的可行性进行了检验.在体外条件下,分别测定了添加与不添加植酸酶的6种玉米-豆粕日粮磷体外消化率和无机磷释放量.结果表明：磷体外消化率和无机磷释放量随植酸酶添加水平的增加而增加（P＜0.01）,添加不同剂量的植酸酶日粮,磷体外消化率和无机磷释放量与肉仔鸡日增重、采食量、回肠磷消化率、胫骨灰分和磷的沉积以及胫骨灰分中磷的含量等指标均存在强相关（R^2=0.971,0.990,0.962,0.903,0.866,0.986和R^2=0.970,0.987,0.976,0.898,0.859,0.984）.利用肉仔鸡体外消化模拟技术,可以评定和预测玉米-豆粕日粮中添加不同剂量植酸酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和磷利用的影响.