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1.
Effects of supplementation and milking of Matebele does four weeks pre-partum to weaning, on milk yield, kid birth weight
and growth rate were studied. Forty does were divided into four treatments: supplemented and milked (SM), supplemented and
not milked (SNM), not supplemented and milked (NSM); and not supplemented and not milked (NSNM). Supplemented goats were given
200 g/doe/day of Dichrostachys cinerea pods containing 19% CP. The study was carried out in September during time of feed unavailability and animals were grazed
on rangelands for seven hours before being given the supplement. Fifty-six kids were born from all the experimental animals
and 24 were singles whereas 32 were twins. Milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) in supplemented than non-supplemented does. Although supplementation had no effect on kid birth weights, growth rates were
higher (P < 0.05) in the SNM group (103 ± 10.1 g/day) than in the SM group (74 ± 10.8 g/day). Among the non-supplemented groups, kids from
milked does had higher (P < 0.05) daily gains (85 ± 10.9 g/day) than those from non-milked does (67 ± 10.7 g/day). Weaning weights were higher (P < 0.05) in SNM does (12.8 ± 1.30 g/day) than in the SM does (10.2 ± 1.17 g/day). Among kids from the non-supplemented does, those
from milked does had superior (P < 0.05) weaning weights (11.2 ± 1.23 g/day) than those from non - milked does (9.2 ± 1.27 g/day). Mortalities were also lowest in
kids born from SNM does. It is concluded that pre-partum to weaning supplementation generally increases milk production which
then increases kids growth rates and weaning weights, as well as reduce kid mortalities. 相似文献
2.
Liveweight (LW) of does and bucks of the native Creole goat breed and crosses of Creole does and Nubian bucks, aged 1.5–5
years, were recorded and body traits including: head length (HL), head width (HW), body length (BL), trunk length (TL), chest
girth (CG), abdominal perimeter (AP), rump length (RL), and height at withers (HW) were measured to develop equations for
predicting LW from the body measurements. Weight, sex, breed and kidding date of 354 kids were recorded at birth, and LW of
the kids was measured monthly for one year to determine the effect of kidding season on growth rate. Bucks had higher (p < 0.05) body measurements than the does (HL 15.1 ± 0.1 vs 16.6 ± 0.2 cm; BL 97.6 ± 0.4 vs 104.6 ± 1.2 cm; CG 78.8 ± 0.4 vs
79.9 ± 1.0 cm; AP 82.4 ± 0.5 vs 87.2 ± 1.1 cm; HW 62.7 ± 0.4 vs 70.1 ± 0.8 cm). With the exception of TL, F2 does had higher (p < 0.05) body measurements and LW (28.8 ± 1.5 vs 27.7 ± 0.5 kg) than Creole does. The body traits of the F1 does were similar (p > 0.05) to those of Creole does with the exception of HL, BL and HR. The F2 kids were heavier (p < 0.05) at birth (3.31 ± 0.1 vs 2.60 ± 0.1 kg) and grew faster than the Creole kids. Male kids were heavier (p < 0.05) at birth (3.21 ± 0.10 vs 2.73 ± 0.13 kg), and grew faster than female kids. Season had a significant effect on birth
weight. The results showed that LW of Creole goats and Creole × Nubian does could be estimated in the field using body traits.
Birth weight and growth rate of kids could be improved by management practices that affect season of kidding. 相似文献
3.
The objective of this study was to compare serum IgG concentrations, blood metabolites indicative of nutritional status, weight
gain and mortality rate in goat kids fed a commercial colostral supplement containing immunoglobulins against several pathogen
microorganisms, prior to the ingestion of the mother colostrum, and goat kids ingesting natural colostrum only. There was
no difference in serum IgG concentrations between 27 kids fed a colostrum supplement (20 g, derived from cow lacteal secretions)
prior to the kids’ first meal (658 ± 703 mg dl−1) and 21 kids ingesting maternal colostrum freely (1011 ± 1140 mg dl−1) at 24 hours of birth. Hematocrit values, serum glucose and urea concentrations at 24 hours and 5 days of age were unaffected
by treatment. Serum total proteins were 14% higher (P < 0.05) in the unsuplemented group than in the supplemented group at 5 d of age. There was no significant difference between
the supplemented and unsupplemented kids in daily weight gain from birth to 70 days of age (92 ± 4.8 vs 102 ± 5.1 g day−1). Mortality was 4% for kids receiving the colostrum supplement as compared with 0.0% for kids ingesting maternal colostrum
only. Results suggest that, in intensively managed non-dairy goats with kiddings in summer, the supplementation of this commercial
colostrum derived from cow lacteal secretions and containing antibodies against diverse pathogens organisms did not enhanced
growth, survival or immunity under the farming conditions of this study. 相似文献
4.
Francisca Rumosa Gwaze Michael Chimonyo Kennedy Dzama 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1235-1242
It is often inappropriately assumed that the contributions of goats to household economies are similar across flock sizes.
A monthly questionnaire was administered to 19, 21, and 13 farmers in Matatiele and Qawukeni and Mankone. Entries and exits
to and from each flock were assessed. Most (P < 0.05) kids were born in August (4.92 ± 0.362 and 2.03 ± 0.329 for large and small flocks, respectively). Total entries
were higher (P < 0.05) in August, September, and October than in the other months. Kid mortality peaked in May and September at 21%. Most
(P < 0.05) goats were sold in December (1.06 ± 0.127 for large flocks and 0.23 ± 0.135 for small flocks). Goat production efficiency
(GPE) was affected (P < 0.05) by month and flock size. The GPE was higher (P < 0.05) in small than in large flocks. The low GPE values obtained in this study indicates the need to devise other indices
that factor in the neglected functions of goats when measuring goat production efficiency in communities where the main function
of goats is not for sale or consumption. 相似文献
5.
Anglo-Nubian and Saanen goats were imported into Trinidad and Tobago to form the nucleus of the goat expansion and improvement
programme. Thermoregulation and performance of the parent stock and the F1 were evaluated under intensive housing and management.
Rectal temperature in the a.m. irrespective of breed or season ranged from 38.5°C to 38.7°C and p.m. ranged from 38.8°C to 39.0°C. After 2 h of exposure outdoors without shade, Saanen parent stock (SAPS) respiration rate (105 br/min)
was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than Saanen F1 (SAF1, 76 br/min), Anglo-Nubian parent stock (ANSP, 65 br/min) and Anglo-Nubian F1 (ANF1, 51 br/min).
Rectal temperature over the same period showed significant differences (p < 0.042) between SAF1 (39.8°C) and SAPS (39.4°C), and ANF1 (39.4°C); the value for ANSP was 39.7°C. Age at first kidding
showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between breeds or between the parent stock and the F1 generations, ranging from 638 to 686 days. The ANPS were the
most prolific of all groups (p < 0.05); the mean for this group was 1.86 ± 0.07 kids/kidding. Saanen F1 was the least prolific among the group, with mean
number of kids at 1.23 (±0.11) kids/kidding. Kidding interval showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference between the groups, ranging from 319 to 521 days. It was concluded that the Anglo-Nubian appears to be
more suitable than the Saanen for the tropical humid environment in Trinidad as indicated by their thermoregulation, prolificacy
and kidding interval. 相似文献
6.
Luna-Orozco JR Guillen-Muñoz JM De Santiago-Miramontes Mde L García JE Rodríguez-Martínez R Meza-Herrera CA Mellado M Véliz FG 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):71-75
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treating sexually inactive bucks with artificial long photoperiod
or testosterone on the induction of estrus in anovulatory grazing goats. A total of 91 multiparous mixed-breed anestrous goats
were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) joining with bucks subjected to 2.5 month of artificial long
days (16 h of light/day; n = 31), (2) joining with testosterone-treated bucks (n = 30), and (3) joining with untreated bucks (control; n = 30). There were no differences between the light-treated (100%) and testosterone-treated (93%) bucks in their ability to
induce estrus in anovulatory does. On the other hand, none of the goats in contact with control bucks exhibited estrus. The
interval from start of mating to estrus was shorter in goats with the light-treated bucks (37.9 ± 4.8 h) compared with does
in contact with testosterone-treated bucks (58.3 ± 8.7 h). The overall pregnancy rate in goats joined with light-treated,
testosterone-treated and control bucks was 84%, 77% and 0%, respectively, with no difference (P > 0.05) between the first two groups. Anogenital sniffing, approaches, mounting attempts, and mounts were highest (P < 0.01) in light-treated bucks and lowest in control bucks. It was concluded that testosterone-treated bucks and long-day-treated
bucks were equally effective in synchronizing estrus in anovulatory goats and resulted in similar levels of fertility. Given
that light-treated bucks are unviable in communal production systems of goats raised by resource-poor farmers, the sexual arousal of bucks with testosterone is a practical and reliable method to induce ovulation in anovulatory
goats in pastoral goat systems in hot environments. 相似文献
7.
A Boer goat breeding farm with 800 heads of breeder females, 50 breeder males, and 400 growing goats of various ages in Sabah,
Malaysia was selected to study the effect of implementing herd health program. This included vaccination program against pneumonic
mannheimiosis; fecal monitoring for helminthiasis, coccidiosis, and colibacillosis; and introduction of modified feeding regime
comprised of day-time grazing and feeding of cut grass and supplemented feed. The herd health program was implemented in September
2007 and the impact was observed on body weight gains, body scoring, and annual mortality among adults and kids. It was found
that implementation of herd health program significantly (p < 0.05) increased the average body weight gains in both adults and kids from 1.8 g per kid and 0.6 g per adult in 2006 to
3.7 g per kid and 2.2 g per adult in 2008. The percentage of adults with body scoring of <3 was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced from 82.3% in 2006 to 77.6% in 2007 and 4% in 2008. Similarly, the annual mortality rate was significantly
(p < 0.05) reduced from 6.5% among kids and 58.2% among adults in 2006 to 12.1% among kids and 10.4% among adults in 2007, and
to 9.1% among kids and 1.1% among adults in 2008. Therefore, it was concluded that implementation of herd health program significantly
improved the survival and performance of goats. 相似文献
8.
Chu MX Wu ZH Feng T Cao GL Fang L Di R Huang DW Li XW Li N 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(6):329-336
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) was studied as a candidate gene for high prolificacy in goats. The polymorphism of exon 1 and flanking of GDF9 gene was detected by PCR-SSCP in five goat breeds with different prolificacy. Three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected in goat breeds joined and two silent mutations (c.183A>C and c.336C>T) were identified in comparison genotype
AA with genotype BB. Heterozygous genotype AB and wild type BB were detected in all five goat breeds and homozygous genotype AA was only detected in Jining Grey goats. The frequencies of genotypes AA, AB and BB were 0.18, 0.42 and 0.40 in Jining Grey goats, respectively. The genotype distribution was different (P < 0.01) between high prolificacy breed (Jining Grey goat) and low prolificacy breeds (Boer, Wendeng Dairy, Liaoning Cashmere
and Beijing native goats). The Jining Grey goat does with genotype AA and AB had 0.72 (P < 0.01) and 0.56 (P < 0.01) kids more than those with genotype BB, respectively. The does with genotype AA had 0.16 (P > 0.05) kids more than those with genotype AB. These indicated that the allele A may have certain correlation with prolificacy in Jining Grey goats. 相似文献
9.
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) on growth performance, carcass and non-carcass characteristics of crossbred Xhosa lop-eared goats. A total of
24 castrated goats aged 8 months, with a mean initial weight of 15.1 ± 2.3 kg, were randomly divided into three diet groups
with eight goats in each. The duration of the trial was 60 days. All goats received a basal diet of grass hay (GH) ad libitum
and wheat bran (200 g/day each). The MOL and sunflower cake (SC) groups were fed additional 200 g of dried M. oleifera leaves and 170 g of SC, respectively. The third group (GH) did not receive any additional ration. The crude protein of MOL
(23.75%) and SC (23.27%) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of the GH diet (14.08%). The attained average daily weight gain for goats fed MOL, SC and GH were 103.3,
101.3 and 43.3 g, respectively (P < 0.05). Higher (P < 0.05) feed intakes observed were in SC (491.5 g) and MOL (490.75 g) compared with GH (404.5 g). The hot carcass weight
was higher (P < 0.05) for SC (10.48 kg) and MOL (10.34 kg) than for the GH group (8.59 kg). The dressing percentage in SC (55.8%) and MOL
(55.1%) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of the GH (52.9%). The growth performance and carcass characteristics of SC and MOL goats were not different.
Feeding MOL or SC improved the growth performance and carcass characteristics of goats in an almost similar way, which indicates
that M. oleifera could be used as an alternative protein supplement in goats. 相似文献
10.
Wondwosen Alemu Solomon Melaku Adugna Tolera 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):623-631
A digestibility, feed intake, and carcass evaluation experiment using 20 yearling intact male Sidama goats weighing 16.4 ± 0.63 kg
(mean ± SD) was conducted in Ethiopia with the objectives to determine feed intake, digestibility, body weight (BW) gain,
and carcass parameters. The treatments included feeding natural pasture hay (T1, control) and supplementation with cottonseed
cake (284 g—T2), linseed cake (250 g—T3), and noug seed cake (296 g—T4) on dry matter (DM) basis to supply 85 g crude protein
(CP) per head per day. Randomized complete block design for feed intake and BW parameters and complete randomized design for
digestibility and carcass parameters were used. Hay DM intake was higher (P < 0.01) for T1 than for the other treatments. T3 promoted higher (P < 0.01) DM (29.3 g/kg W0.75/day) and CP (14.1 g/kg W0.75/day) intake than T4 (8.9 g/kg W0.75/day DM and 4.1 g/kg W0.75/day CP). T3 showed better (P < 0.05) organic matter and CP digestibility than T2. Goats in T3 had higher nitrogen intake (P < 0.01) and retention (P < 0.05) than those in T1. Goats in T2 and T3 showed higher (P < 0.05) daily BW gain and final BW than those in T4 and T1. Goats in T2 and T3 had higher (P < 0.05) slaughter weight, empty BW, hot carcass weight, rib-eye muscle area, and dressing percentage on slaughter weight
basis than those in T1. The results showed that T2 and T3 had similar effect on CP intake, daily BW gain, and carcass parameters
for growing Sidama goats fed natural pasture hay. 相似文献
11.
Kumar V Kumar P Mohan K Sarkar M Suresh KP Chauhan MS Prakash BS 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):669-674
The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes in circulating levels of plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) during peripartum
period in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). IL-8 was estimated in blood plasma of healthy peripartum Murrah buffaloes (n = 6) on days ±30, ±15, ±5, ±3, ±1 and 0 pre- and postpartum with respect to the day of parturition (day 0) in each of the
two different seasons (hot–humid and spring). The mean microclimate Temperature–Humidity Index (THI) during spring season
was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the corresponding THI in hot–humid season. In both the seasons, plasma IL-8 remained lower in prepartum period
(≤46.56 ± 14.08 pg/ml during spring and ≤ 73.18 ± 18.56 pg/ml during hot–humid season) than in the postpartum period (≥51.41 ± 13.82 pg/ml
during spring and ≥ 84.13 ± 16.97 pg/ml in hot humid season). During spring, the IL-8 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on days +5 and +15 postpartum in comparison to the IL-8 levels on days −30, −5, and −3 prepartum. During hot–humid
season, IL-8 level was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on day +30 as compared to the IL-8 levels on days −30 and −5 prepartum. The correlation between IL-8 and mean microclimate
THI was significant (r = 0.25, P < 0.01). From the results, it is concluded that peripartum period in buffaloes is associated with an inflammatory response
leading to significantly higher plasma IL-8 during parturition and postpartum period than in the pre-partum period. 相似文献
12.
In a switch-over experiment, eight male animals, four each of sheep and goats of local breeds with mean body weight of 26.
8 ± 2.0 and 30.0 ± 2.1 kg, were fed Dichanthium annulatum (DA) grass and four browse species viz. Helictris isora, Securengia virosa, Leucaena leucocephala (LL) and Hardwickia binnata (HB) in four feeding trials to assess their supplementary effect on activity of rumen enzymes. The sheep and goats were offered
DA grass with individual browse in 75:25 and 50:50 proportions, respectively, for more than 3 months during each feeding trial,
and rumen liquor samples were collected twice at 0 and 4 h post feeding after 60 and 90 days of feeding. Glutamate oxaloacetate
transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes were determined in the
bacteria and protozoa fractions of rumen liquor, while cellulase enzyme activity was measured in mixed rumen liquor. LL and
HB had the highest and lowest contents of CP, while fibre contents were lower in early than later browse leaves. Supplementation
of browse leaves significantly (P < 0.05) affect the specific activity of GDH enzyme in bacteria fraction of rumen liquor of animal species, while GDH activity
was similar in protozoa fraction of rumen liquor of sheep and goats on all DA grass–browse-supplemented diets except DA–HB
(42.8 units/mg protein), where activity was significantly (P < 0.05) low. Specific activities of GOT and GPT enzymes in both bacteria and protozoa fractions of rumen liquor differ significantly
(P < 0.05) due to supplementation of browse leaves to DA grass. Browse leaves significantly (P < 0.05) affect the cellulase enzyme activity in animal rumen liquor, being highest on DA–LL (193.4) and lowest on DA–HB diet
(144.8 μg sugar/mg protein). Goat exhibited higher activities of GOT and GPT than sheep in both bacteria and protozoa fraction
of rumen liquor, while cellulase activity was similar between the animal species on the grass–browse leaves diets. Results
indicate that browse leaves supplementation affect the enzyme activities of sheep and goats rumen, while the goats rumen liquor
had higher activities of GOT, GPT and GDH enzyme than sheep. 相似文献
13.
I. Aranda-Ávila J. Herrera-Camacho J. R. Aké-López R. A. Delgado-León J. C. Ku-Vera 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1435-1440
The aim was to evaluate the effect of corn oil supplementation during postpartum anoestrus on ovarian activity, pregnancy
rate, progesterone (P4), and lipid metabolites (cholesterol, CHO; low and high density lipoproteins; LDL and HDL, respectively) concentrations in
blood of F1 (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) grazing cows. Cows were randomly assigned to an experimental group, fed with a supplement containing 4% corn oil on dry
matter basis (OG, n = 11), and a control group with the same supplement without corn oil (CG, n = 12). Both supplements contained equivalent amounts of crude protein and metabolizable energy and were fed for 34 days continuously.
All cows were induced to estrous 12 days after beginning of supplementation by using a synthetic progestagen and artificially
inseminated 56 h after retiring the implants. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by transrectal palpation 45 days after insemination,
evaluating simultaneously ovarian activity. P4 and lipid metabolites (CHO, HDL, LDL) concentrations were determined in blood samples collected at 3-day intervals, from
the beginning of corn oil supplementation and up to 10 days after artificial insemination. Ovarian activity was affected by
treatment (p < 0.05), finding ovarian structures in 72.7% of OG cows and in 50% of CG cows. Concentration of P4 and CHO was higher for OG with respect to CG (2.52 ± 0.65 vs 1.88 ± 0.62 ng/ml and 117.79 ± 11.57 vs 85.71 ± 12.11 mg/dl,
respectively), whereas pregnancy rate and blood concentrations of HDL and LDL were not affected by treatment (p > 0.05). Addition of corn oil to the supplement stimulated ovarian activity and increased serum concentrations of progesterone
and cholesterol in grazing B. taurus × B. indicus cows with low body condition score showing postpartum anoestrus. 相似文献
14.
The replacement value of dried Erythrina brucei leaf for cotton seed meal (CSM) on growth performance and carcass characteristics was evaluated. Twenty-five yearling buck
goats (15.8 ± 1.4 kg) were assigned into five treatments in a randomized complete block design: natural grass hay alone (T1)
or supplemented with 100% CSM (T2), 67% CSM + 33% E. brucei (T3), 33% CSM + 67% E. brucei (T4), and 100% E. brucei (T5) on dry matter (DM) basis. Supplemented goats consumed more (P < 0.05) total DM and organic matter (OM) than the non-supplemented group, but the intakes were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the proportion of the supplements. The highest (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP) intake was observed in goats supplemented with CSM alone, whereas the lowest intake was observed
in the non-supplemented group. Total CP intake decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of E. brucei in the supplement mixture. The supplemented goats gained more (P < 0.05) weight than the control group. Apparent DM and OM digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) in supplemented goats than in the non-supplemented ones, but similar (P > 0.05) among the supplemented group. The digestibility of CP was higher (P < 0.05) for supplemented goats, except in those goats fed E. brucei alone, than the non-supplemented group. Slaughter weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, rib
eye muscle area, and total edible offals were higher (P < 0.05) for supplemented goats than for the non-supplemented ones. It could be concluded that E. brucei could be used as a substitute to CSM under smallholder production systems. 相似文献
15.
Yadav A Katoch R Khajuria JK Katoch M Agrawal R 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1487-1492
Examination of 3,960 goats brought from six districts of Jammu province and slaughtered at Jammu abattoir from July 2005 to
June 2006 revealed 47.22% prevalence of larval stages of warble fly (Przhevalskiana silenus Brauer, 1858) in goats. Highest prevalence was recorded in Udhampur (56.44%) and lowest in Doda district (13.49%). Classification
of the study area into four zones based on height (meters above sea level), viz., zone I (300–325 m asl), zone II (325–800 m
asl), zone III (800–1,500 m asl), and zone IV (>1,500 m asl), revealed significant (p < 0.01) difference in infestation among animals of zone II (71.68%), zone III (40.12%), and zone IV (22.41%). However, animals
of zone I did not reveal any infestation. Statistical analysis in relation to age showed significant (p < 0.01) difference among different age groups, i.e., <1 year (2.81%), 1–3 years (51.17%), and >3 years (43.16%). Breed-wise
analysis also showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher infestation rate among Bakerwali (51.51%) goats as compared to Beetal (42.59%). But no significant difference
was recorded among male (47.81%) and female (46.82%) animals. The overall mean larva count (L1, L2, and L3) was observed to
be 14.72 ± 0.34, ranging from 4 to 72. It was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in animals of zone II (22.20 ± 0.21) as compared to goats of zones III (14.21 ± 0.41) and IV (7.73 ± 0.90).
Age-wise analysis of mean larva count also showed significant (P < 0.05) difference between animals of 1–3 years (16.25 ± 0.37) and >3 years of age (13.18 ± 0.40). Mean larvae count in relation
to sex and breed did not reveal any significant difference. First-instar larvae (L1) were recorded from May to mid-September, second larval stage (L2) from mid-September to mid-December, and third-stage larvae (L3) from mid-December to February. However, No larvae were recorded from March to April, which is suggestive of pupation period
in this region. Thus, it is concluded that adult fly is active in April to June. The results further confirmed that internal
life cycle of P. silenus is subcutaneous and no migration of larvae occurs. This is the first report from India, based on slaughter house study on
the prevalence and biology of goat warble fly infestation. It will help in devising suitable prophylactic and eradication
program to check the economic losses rendered by adult fly. 相似文献
16.
Sánchez Dávila F Bernal H Colín J Olivares E del Bosque AS Ledezma R Ungerfeld R 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(4):887-891
The objective of this study was to determine whether season and total rainfall during the breeding season, sheep parity, and/or
litter size affect the interval from the introduction of rams to estrus (IRE) in hair Saint Croix sheep in northeastern Mexico.
An analysis was made of 874 services performed during 9 years, introducing the rams into the sheep flock after an isolation
period of 60 days during the postpartum period. Estrus was recorded twice daily during 35 days. Year and season influenced
significantly on the interval between ram introduction and estrus length (P < 0.01). Winter IRE length (7.9 ± 0.1 days) was shorter than in the other three seasons (11.1 ± 0.2, 11.1 ± 0.1, and 16.2 ± 0.2 days
in summer, autumn, and spring, respectively) (P < 0.01). An interaction was observed between rainfall and season, then by rainfall between 0 and 100 mm, IRE was shorter
(P < 0.05) in winter (6.8 ± 0.3 days), and by rainfall between 100 and 199 mm, IRE was shorter (P < 0.05) in autumn (10.2 ± 0.5 days); however, when rainfall was beyond 200 mm, IRE length was shorter (P < 0.01) in summer (4.8 ± 0.5 days) than in autumn (14.5 ± 0.3 days). The IRE length was also longer in first lambing ewes
(P < 0.05) and was not affected by litter size. In the present study, several factors, including the breeding season, rainfall
and parity, directly influenced the interval between the male introduction and the onset of estrus by Saint Croix hair sheep. 相似文献
17.
Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats fed dried cassava leaves-based concentrate diets 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Oni AO Arigbede OM Sowande OS Anele UY Oni OO Onwuka CF Onifade OS Yusuf KO Dele PA Aderinboye RY 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):483-490
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves at 0%, 20%, 40% and
60%, respectively, using guinea grass as basal feed, on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African
Dwarf (WAD) goats. The study lasted for 116 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored
in 40 male goats before and after, using a completely randomized design. At the start of the experiment, packed cell volume
(PCV) ranged from 21.5% to 25.5% while haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and RBC significantly (P < 0.01) ranged from 7.3 to 8.6 g/dl and 10.4 to 13.2 × 1012/l, respectively. White blood cells reduced significantly (P < 0.05)) from 16.4 to 11.7 × 109/l) as dried cassava leaves increased in the diets. At the end of the trial, there was a slight increase in the values of
PCV and Hb in the diets (P > 0.05). Lymphocyte reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 50.0% to 63.5% in the diets. Neutrophils, however, increased (P > 0.05) at the 0% to 40% levels and reduced at the 60% level of dried cassava leaves inclusion. At the start of the experiment,
values for glucose significantly (P < 0.05) ranged from 40.1 to 56.0 mg/dl. Total protein and albumin values ranged significantly (P < 0.05) from 56.0 to 68.5 g/dl and 30.6 to 38.4 g/dl, respectively. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine increased
significantly (P < 0.05) as the level of dried cassava leaves increased from 0% to 60% in the diets. The study revealed that inclusion of
dried cassava leaves in the diets of West African Dwarf goats had no deleterious effects on the haematological and serum biochemical
parameters of WAD goats and could therefore be included in ruminant diets up to 60%. 相似文献
18.
Barbour EK Itani HH Sleiman FT Saade MF Harakeh S Nour AM Shaib HA 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):87-93
Three objectives were included in this research work. The first objective compared different immune components in healthy
mature males, mature females, and female kids of local and imported Saanen goats, reared under a sub-tropical environment.
The significantly differing immune components were the blood monocyte percent, blood CD8 count, and the total white blood
cell count. The second objective compared the performance of Saanen versus local does. The means of the milk yield and prolificacy
of the imported Saanen does were significantly higher than those of the local does (p < 0.05). The third objective compared the immune responses (hemagglutination-HA titers) and complement fixation (CF) titers
in mature does of the two breeds to chicken red blood cells (c-RBC). The HA titers showed a significant seroconversion only
in imported Saanen (p < 0.05) but not in local does; however, the CF titers increased significantly at 4 weeks following priming with c-RBC in
local (p < 0.05) but not in the imported Saanen does. The impact of the differences in blood immune components and responses to antigens
in the compared goats on protection potential against prevalent diseases in the sub-tropical zone of the eastern Mediterranean
countries is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Relationship of age to body weight,scrotal circumference,testicular ultrasonograms,and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ahmad Ejaz Ahmad Nasim Naseer Zahid Aleem Muhammad Khan Muhammad Sarwar Ashiq Muhammad Younis Muhammad 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):159-164
The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship of age to body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC),
number of pixels of testicular ultrasonograms (NP), and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls. The study was based on 128 Sahiwal
bulls of different age groups (from 0 to >100 months of age). Bulls were evaluated for SC, BW, and NP. Semen was evaluated
once a week for five consecutive weeks from regularly collected donor bulls (n = 86) ranging in age from 25–30 to >100 months. Ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology,
percent live sperms, sperm plasma membrane integrity, and normal acrosome were compared among different age groups. Mean SC
and BW increased (P < 0.05) in a curvilinear manner from birth to >100 months of age. Mean NP of testicular ultrasonograms increased (P < 0.05) from 0 to 24 months and then plateaued until >100 months of age. Body weight, SC, and NP were positively correlated
with age from birth until >100 months (r = 0.91, 0.87, and 0.40, respectively). Ejaculate volume (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 4.6 ± 0.09 ml) and sperm concentration (1,281.6 ± 17.7
vs. 1,115.8 ± 55.9 × 106/ml) increased (P < 0.05) in mature bulls compared to younger ones. However, motility (68.6 ± 0.3%), plasma membrane integrity (50.8 ± 1.0%),
and normal acrosome (74.8 ± 0.5%) remained insignificant due to age. In six of eight age groups studied, morphological abnormalities
were well within the range (18.1 ± 0.3%). In conclusion, the BW, SC, and NP of testicular ultrasonograms, ejaculate volume,
and concentration increased with age. Moreover, semen quality is fairly independent of age except volume and concentration
in Sahiwal bulls. 相似文献
20.
Landaeta-Hernández A Zambrano-Nava S Hernández-Fonseca JP Godoy R Calles M Iragorri JL Añez L Polanco M Montero-Urdaneta M Olson T 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):657-663
The variation in hair coat and skin histology traits of Criollo Limonero cattle was analyzed using 213 Criollo Limonero females.
Skin biopsies were obtained from slick-haired (N = 16) and normal-haired (N = 14) animals. Measured traits included hair length (HL), color coat (CC), number of hair follicles per square centimeter
(NHF), sweat glands per square centimeter (NSG), sweat glands size (SGS), sebaceous glands per square centimeter (NSBG), blood
vessels per square centimeter (NBV), and thickness of epidermis (TE). Hair length differed (P < 0.001) between slick- and normal-haired animals (4.9 ± 0.12 vs 10.9 ± 0.20, respectively). Differences (P < 0.01) in CC (Bayo = 144/67.6% vs Red = 69/32.4%) and HL (slick-haired = 199/93.4% vs normal-haired = 14/6.5%) were found.
Distribution of slick- and normal-haired animals differed (P < 0.01) between bayo-coated and red-coated (139/62.2% vs 9/4.2%; respectively). Most (P < 0.05) red-coated animals belonged to a single family. No differences (P > 0.05) were found between slick-haired and normal-haired animals in NHF (637 ± 164 vs 587 ± 144, respectively), NSG (556 ± 134
vs 481 ± 118, respectively), NSBG (408 ± 87 vs 366 ± 77, respectively), NBV (1628 ± 393 vs 1541 ± 346, respectively), and
TE (1.24 ± 0.14 vs 1.32 ± 0.12, respectively). However, SGS was greater (P < 0.01) in slick-haired than normal-haired animals. In conclusion, Criollo Limonero cattle are predominantly bayo-coated,
slick-haired, with a reduced number of hair follicles relative to Zebu cattle, sweat and sebaceous glands in proportion to
hair follicle numbers, and with a high blood flow irrigating the skin. There is a sub-group of red-coated animals with yellow
or cream skin, thicker epidermis, and with a higher frequency of normal-haired animals. It appears that the slick hair gene has been favored by natural selection in this breed. 相似文献