藏绵羊棘球蚴病的调查与防制

棘球蚴病是一种严重的人畜共患寄生虫病,1984 年经过调查发现青海省果洛州甘德县患棘球蚴病的藏绵羊3699只,发病率为98%。经过投喂丙硫咪唑、吡喹酮和采取有效的预防措施后,1997年和2006年再次调查,感染率分别下降为72%和46%,说明投喂这些药物可以有效控制和治疗藏绵羊棘球蚴病。     

提高仔鹿成活率的技术措施

仔鹿成活率是鹿群繁殖成绩的重要指标之一.经过对宁安农场5个鹿场调查,仔鹿成活率高年可达75%以上,低年还不足60%,平均水平为65%左右.现将调查材料分类统计,找出影响仔鹿成活率的主要原因.并根据这些原因,提出改进措施.     

新疆乌什县家畜棘球蚴病感染情况调查

为了掌握乌什县家畜包虫病感染情况,2014年牛、羊、犬包虫病感染情况调查。在屠宰场直接检查牛羊肝脏和肺脏的棘球蚴,进行计数、登记。犬采用槟榔碱下泻法采样后,实验室利用抗原抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附实验方法和粪便检查法检测细粒棘球绦虫带虫率。经过调查玛纳斯县的包虫病平均感染率为绵羊42.8%,牛4.33%,犬14.89%。     

开产麻鸭坦布苏病毒感染的诊断

2013年9月,江西省赣州市章贡区沙石镇东风村某养殖户饲养的220日龄麻鸭2 100余羽,产蛋率在一周内从87%降至15%左右,共死亡11羽。经过临床流行病学调查和实验室检测确定该病为鸭坦布苏病毒病。     

高原牦牛巴氏杆菌病流行特点与分析

为掌握青藏高原牦牛巴氏杆菌病(牛出血性败血症)在多年防治情况下的流行动态,为今后的彻底控制疫病提供科学依据,近期对青海省44个县(市)1991—2005年15年间的牦牛巴氏杆菌病发生情况进行了调查与分析,报告如下。1流行特点1.1发病率低,致死率高通过1991-2005年467起疫情调查发现,青海省年平均发病率为2.0%,致死率为32.6%。1996年发病率最低仅为0.4%,2001年最高时也只有8.8%。发病牦牛大多表现急性经过,未来得及治疗便死亡,死亡率较高;1992年和2000年其致死率,分别达49.9%和48.9%。1.2流行范围广,海拔高近15年来青海省牛出败疫情呈零星散发或…     

新疆库车县家畜棘球蚴病感染情况调查

为了掌握库车县家畜包虫病感染情况,2015年牛、羊、犬包虫病感染情况调查.在屠宰场直接检查牛羊肝脏和肺脏的棘球蚴,进行计数、登记.犬采用槟榔碱下泻法采样后,实验室利用抗原抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附实验方法和粪便检查法检测细粒棘球绦虫带虫率.经过调查库车县的包虫病平均感染率为绵羊12%,牛4.3%,犬38%.     

一起金丝猴传染性菌痢的诊断和防控

2006年2月,陕西省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心金丝猴发生以频繁拉稀、排黏液性脓血便为主的疫情,发病率为100%,病死率为6.25%。根据对发病情况调查,结合临床症状、剖检变化、实验室检验,确诊为志贺痢疾杆菌引起的传染性菌痢。经过20 d的综合治疗和防控,病情最终得到有效控制。     

一例大肠杆菌病的诊断治疗

<正>2006年3月下旬,塔城市某鸡场饲养的笼养伊沙褐蛋鸡2116只,在57周龄时爆发了一种以腹泻为主要特征的疾病,前后病程共7d,发病率达88.7%,病死率54.4%,经过笔者深入鸡场对发病情况进行调查、病理解剖和实验室检验,确诊该病为大肠杆菌病。     

1例三黄鸡J亚群禽白血病的诊断报告

广东惠州某公司于2016年10月引进一批120日龄三黄鸡,上笼后每月死亡率达2.35%,经过流行病学调查、病原分离鉴定等诊断为J亚群禽白血病。     

绵羊链球菌病的诊断

1981至1984年,每到春末夏初季节,我旗三义乡西门沟即发生一种以高热、败血、胆囊肿大为特征的绵羊疾病。病死率达30%以上。为了确诊疾病并制定有效的防治措施,1984年4月8日到现地调查并进行检验。经过流行病学调查、病理检查、细菌学检验,确诊为绵羊溶血性链球菌病。报告如下。     

小熊猫眼线虫病的诊治

介绍了小熊猫眼线虫病的临床症状、诊断与治疗方法。     

板翘芦根片质量控制方法研究

目的：建立板翘芦根片中显微鉴别方法及黄连、连翘、黄芩和板蓝根的薄层鉴别方法。方法：采用显微鉴别法对处方中四味药进行显微特征鉴别;采用薄层色谱法对方中四味药进行有效组分鉴别。结果：显微鉴别能检出组织特征;薄层色谱能明显检出特征有效成分。结论：本法灵敏、准确,可以作为该片剂的质量控制方法。     

Efficacy of a drug combination of praziquantel, pyrantel embonate, and febantel against helminth infections in dogs.

Tablets containing praziquantel, pyrantel embonate, and febantel were tested for efficacy against helminths in dogs. A single treatment with this drug combination gave 100% reductions in Toxocara canis and Taenia hydatigena in experimentally induced infections in dogs. In dogs with naturally acquired infections, treatment gave > 97 to 98% reductions in fecal egg counts attributable to Toxascaris leonina, T canis, and Uncinaria stenocephala. Efficacy against Trichuris vulpis was > 92%.     

Bioavailability of four slow-release theophylline formulations in the Beagle dog

Theophylline was administered to six Beagles intravenously (Aminophyllin Injectable, Searle Laboratories) and orally as four sustained-release formulations (Choledyl -SA Tablets, Parke-Davis; Theo-Dur Tablets, Key Pharmaceuticals; Theo-24 Capsules, Searle Laboratories, and Slo-bid Gyrocaps, William H. Rorer, Inc.). Values were determined for mean residence time, mean absorption time, absolute bioavailability, time to peak plasma concentration, and peak plasma concentration normalized to a theophylline dose of 20 mg/kg. In this order the values found for each formulation were: Choledyl (10.2 +/- 1.8 h, 2.8 +/- 2.2 h, 63 +/- 10%, 3.9 +/- 1.0 h, 10 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml), Theo-Dur (12.1 +/- 5.2 h, 4.9 +/- 5.3 h, 76 +/- 18% 4.7 +/- 3.1 h, 12 +/- 3.7 micrograms/ml), Theo-24 (15.6 +/- 8.9 h, 8.1 +/- 8.4 h, 30 +/- 16%, 3.6 +/- 1.7 h, 3.5 +/- 1.3 micrograms/ml), and Slo-bid (11.9 +/- 1.9 h, 4.4 +/- 1.3 h, 60 +/- 9%, 4 +/- 1.1 h, 8.6 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml). Choledyl, Theo-Dur and Slo-bid appear to have absorption characteristics which, if given twice daily, would maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations of theophylline between 10 and 20 micrograms/ml in the dog. Of these, Theo-Dur was predicted to provide the least peak:trough fluctuation in theophylline plasma concentrations.     

Efficacy of nemadectin, a new broad-spectrum endectocide, against natural infections of canine gastrointestinal helminths

Nemadectin, a new broad-spectrum endectocide, was highly efficacious against natural infections of all the major canine gastrointestinal helminths. At single oral dosages of 0.2-0.4 mg kg-1 body weight (BW), a liquid formulation administered in gelatin capsules was 100% effective in eliminating natural infections of Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala. Tablets (267 mg) containing 4.6% nemadectin given at a rate of 1/3 tablet per 20 kg BW (0.2 mg nemadectin kg-1) were 100% active against T. canis, A. caninum and U. stenocephala. With both formulations, an increase in the dose rate to 0.6-0.8 mg kg-1 BW resulted in 99-100% elimination of Trichuris vulpis infections. No adverse reactions were observed in any of the treated dogs.     

Comparative efficacy of triclabendazole, nitroxynil and rafoxanide against immature and mature Fasciola hepatica in naturally infected cattle

In two trials the fasciolicidal activities of triclabendazole, nitroxynil and rafoxanide were assessed in cattle naturally infected with predominantly immature stages of Fasciola hepatica. Tablets containing 900 mg triclabendazole were administered orally at a dose rate of 12 mg/kg bodyweight. Rafoxanide and nitroxynil were used at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg, rafoxanide being given orally and nitroxynil by subcutaneous injection. Based on faecal egg counts nine weeks after treatment the efficacies were calculated to be 100 per cent for triclabendazole and 95.0 per cent for nitroxynil in the first trial and 98.4 per cent for triclabendazole and 52.9 per cent for rafoxanide 15 weeks after treatment in the second trial. In the first trial five animals from each of the three groups were slaughtered and their fluke burdens counted. Compared with the untreated control group the reductions in the fluke burdens were 96.9 per cent in triclabendazole treated cattle and 76.4 per cent in the nitroxynil treated group.     

Anthelmintic efficacy of thenium closylate-piperazine phosphate combination tablets against Toxocara canis in pups and young dogs

Thenium closylate-piperazine phosphate combination tablets, tablets containing either thenium or piperazine, and control tablets (excipients only) were administered in 2 doses 5 to 7.5 hours apart to weaned pups and young dogs, in critical controlled trials to test efficacy against naturally acquired infections of Toxocara canis. In the 1st trial, the combination tablets produced a mean clearance of 94% from 18 pups. Tablets containing thenium alone showed a mean clearance of 9% from 25 pups, and tablets containing piperazine alone caused a mean clearance of 56% from 16 pups. Clearances, corrected for spontaneous worm losses observed in pups treated with the control tablets, were 90% (combination), 5% (thenium alone), and 52% (piperazine alone). In the 2nd and 3rd trials, efficacy of the combination tablet in 15 pups was 78% when corrected for worm losses in pups which had received placebo (excipient) tablets. Each component in the combination tablet contributed its full single-entity efficacy and, if in combination, synergistic effect between the components.     

猪源耐黏菌素大肠杆菌PFGE分型及耐药性研究

为了解河南省焦作市、许昌市规模化养殖厂耐黏菌素大肠杆菌的流行情况,对分离到的32株耐黏菌素大肠杆菌使用微量肉汤稀释法检测其药物敏感性,并采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)对分离株进行分型研究。结果显示,32株耐黏菌素大肠杆菌对四环素、多西环素、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明的耐药率均高达90%以上,32株猪源大肠杆菌可分为30种带型。结果表明,两地市养殖场猪源大肠杆菌耐药性普遍存在,且以多重耐药为主,PFGE分型结果显示,32株耐黏菌素大肠杆菌整体上表现出较大的遗传多样性,但不同菌株存在着不同程度的亲缘关系。     

HPLC法测定复方氯硝柳胺片的含量

本文建立了测定复方氯硝柳胺片中氯硝柳胺和左旋咪唑的高效液相色谱法,采用Eclipse plus C-18(4.6×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇:0.05 mol/L乙酸铵(70∶30,V/V),流速为1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长为220 nm,柱温35℃。结果显示,氯硝柳胺在10μg/mL～800μg/mL,左旋咪唑在1μg/mL～80μg/mL范围内,浓度与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性相关,相关系数r分别为0.9998、0.9999;氯硝柳胺和左旋咪唑低、中、高三种浓度的平均回收率均在95.42%～101.12%之间,RSD在0.31%～1.48%之间;氯硝柳胺和左旋咪唑的定量限分别为1μg/mL、0.5μg/mL,检测限分别为0.4μg/mL和0.2μg/mL。结果表明,该方法快速、简洁、专属性强,回收率高,稳定性良好。     

An ivermectin tablet for sheep: Efficacy against gastro-intestinal nematodes and a bioavailability comparison with a liquid ivermectin formulation

An ivermectin tablet for o ral administration to sheep was developed for use in countries where it is customary to treat sheep with anthelmintic tablets. Tablets require no special administration equipment, and offer convenience for storage and transport. The ivermectin tablet, which delivers 10 mg of ivermectin (200 μg kg⁻¹ in a 50 kg sheep), had similar bioavailability to a liquid formulation of ivermectin (IVOMEC^® Liquid for Sheep) as determined by peak plasma ivermectin concentrations and area under the concentration curve in plasma (P>0.10). In dose confirmation trials in which nematode infections were induced in helminth-naive sheep, animals treated with the ivermectin tablet had significantly fewer adult and fourth-stage larval nematodes than untreated control sheep P<0.01 with efficacies >99% against all nematode species tested. In six field trials evaluating the efficacy of the ivermectin tablet in 240 Merino sheep, the reductions in faecal nematode egg counts ranged between 98 and 100%, as determined by comparison of pre- and post-treatment counts for the ivermectin-treated group.