不同成土母质胶园土壤磷素形态研究

通过研究云南一代、二代胶园不同成土母质土壤无机磷(Ca-P,Al-P,Fe-P,O-P)、有效磷、全磷的含量,无机磷在不同成土母质中的比例及不同形态磷素间的相互关系,旨在为提高胶园土壤磷肥利用率提供理论依据。研究结果表明:一代、二代胶园的Fe-P、全磷含量呈现千枚岩花岗岩砂页岩;花岗岩、千枚岩、砂页岩中的Fe-P、O-P含量呈现二代胶园一代胶园;无机磷在不同成土母质中的比例呈现Ca-PFe-PAl-PO-P;不同形态磷素间,全磷与有效磷、Al-P显著相关,与Fe-P,Ca-P,OP、有机质极显著相关,有效磷与Fe-P、Al-P极显著相关。     

云南山地二代橡胶园开垦种植的一些体会

云南山地二代橡胶园的开垦、定植和幼林管理需要有特殊的技术要求。二代胶园开垦种植要坚持"等高开垦",在原保护带面开垦种植带;保护带种植适宜的地被植物,增加有机肥施用量,开展营养诊断和测土配方施肥,提高土壤肥力地力;注意橡胶树根病的监测防治。     

云南橡胶树死皮病与立地环境关系调查

对云南植胶区不同橡胶宜林地、海拔高度、坡向的橡胶树死皮病进行调查,结果表明,死皮病发病率与不同等级宜林地、不同坡向有关:植胶环境条件最好的宜林地死皮病发病率最高,而次等宜林地则发病率随之降低;西坡橡胶树死皮病发病率显著高于其它坡向发病率,从宏观角度一定程度地证实橡胶树营养状态与死皮病的关系。     

橡胶树宽窄行种植形式的利弊

<正> 云南垦区近年来在抗寒植胶上有偏重于采用宽窄行种植形式的趋势,认为该形式既有防寒作用,又利于进行胶园间种,可获得更好的经济效益。目前不仅在德宏的乙、丙等宜林地广泛采用,在临沧孟定、西双版纳的甲等宜林地和河口垦区也有采用,不仅平缓坡地且斜坡丘陵山地也有采用。     

勐腊农场二代胶园建设经验小结

简述西双版纳勐腊农场从二代胶园建设的实践中,在规划、开垦、品种配置、定植、中幼林管理和病虫害防治等方面总结的技术管理经验。     

海南东部垦区部分农场橡胶树叶片营养元素含量分析

对海南省东部部分农场PR107和RRIM600不同产量水平的成龄胶园叶片养分分别进行了研究,结果表明,两个品种的高、中、低产胶园叶片养分状况都存有明显差异,PR107品种高产胶园的全氮和全磷显著高于中、低产胶园;RRIM600不同产量水平的胶园中全钾和钙存在显著差异。高产胶园中,PR107和RRIM600品种间叶片养分含量存在显著差异,因此,要因树施肥,合理配比,达到增产的目的。     

橡胶树死皮病与割胶技术相关因素分析

通过对9个GT1品种橡胶树树位11年割胶技术资料的分析,结果表明割胶深度与死皮病发病率、停割率呈极显著的高度正相关(r=0.963;r=0.906),而与干胶产量呈极显著的中度相关;耗皮量与产量、死皮病停割率、发病率不存在相关关系。     

小胶园控制死皮的方法

<正> 橡胶树割面死皮具有经济』二的重要性,因为它使胶树丧失产胶能力。死皮树比附近的胶树生长快,并争夺阳光和养分。通常在老胶林突出的死皮问题已在幼龄高产树上或采用强度割制的地区逐渐增多。 在小胶园里,胶树割胶频率太大或用双割线割胶,都易引起死皮。胶园抚管不好,不是根据胶树对养分的需要进行合理施肥,这些因素都导致死皮的发生率高。 最近对总面积1437公顷989个小胶园调查,因死皮停割的胶树为12—32％。如果包括割线局部死皮的胶树和早期死皮现又复割的胶树在内,其发生率更高。     

东风橡胶分公司橡胶芽接树新割制生产情况调查

通过对橡胶树割胶树位调查,低于20割龄胶树实施新割制,一般表现干胶产量增产和年度间产量变化平稳,累计死皮病率低,而高于20割龄胶树实行新割制、老龄割制和强割制,虽然提高刺激剂使用浓度,仍不能表现干胶增产,同时4～5级死皮率明显增高;品系GT1表现比RRIM更耐刺激,增产幅度大,死皮率更低。     

橡胶树死皮的研究 Ⅰ.一种简便快速诱导死皮的方法

<正> 这种诱导胶树死皮的方法是在常规割胶之前和之后,在割面(割线下方—译注)的垂直针刺带上针刺树皮4或5点,然后用图钉封闭针刺点;每隔一周或二周在前次针刺点的下方重复进行针刺一次。这种技术对于诱导许多品系的死皮均有效。然而,对于参试的品系,在原生皮上和再生皮上的死皮诱导率是不同的。这种在正常割胶强度下诱导死皮的方法,对于研究胶树死皮发生、发展有关的生理参数变化,要比那种基于强度割胶造成死皮的方法更好。 本文还讨论采用这种诱导死皮的方法,其它有关参数诸如胶树产量、胶乳最初流率和干胶含量的变化。上述任一指标是否可以作为胶树发生死皮的早期预报信号,进一步的研究正在进行。     

广东农垦加快新一代胶园建设的经验

简述广东农垦通过优化发展和科学规划、加强种苗基地建设、实行标准化种植和"六龄苗工程",筹集资金扶持贫困农场开发等措施,促进垦区新一代胶园建设和发展。     

云南农垦生态胶园建设实践与思考

分析云南农垦生态胶园发展现状和存在问题,明确云南生态胶园的基本含义、界定标准,讨论了生态胶园建设模式,提出生态胶园建设的设想与思考。     

Plant and bird diversity in rubber agroforests in the lowlands of Sumatra,Indonesia

Plant and bird diversity in the Indonesian jungle rubber agroforestry system was compared to that in primary forest and rubber plantations by integrating new and existing data from a lowland rain forest area in Sumatra. Jungle rubber gardens are low-input rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) agroforests that structurally resemble secondary forest and in which wild species are tolerated by the farmer. As primary forests have almost completely disappeared from the lowlands of the Sumatra peneplain, our aim was to assess the contribution of jungle rubber as a land use type to the conservation of plant and bird species, especially those that are associated with the forest interior of primary and old secondary forest. Species-accumulation curves were compiled for terrestrial and epiphytic pteridophytes, trees and birds, and for subsets of ‘forest species’ of terrestrial pteridophytes and birds. Comparing jungle rubber and primary forest, groups differed in relative species richness patterns. Species richness in jungle rubber was slightly higher (terrestrial pteridophytes), similar (birds) or lower (epiphytic pteridophytes, trees, vascular plants as a whole) than in primary forest. For subsets of ‘forest species’ of terrestrial pteridophytes and birds, species richness in jungle rubber was lower than in primary forest. For all groups, species richness in jungle rubber was generally higher than in rubber plantations. Although species conservation in jungle rubber is limited by management practices and by a slash-and-burn cycle for replanting of about 40 years, this forest-like land use does support species diversity in an impoverished landscape increasingly dominated by monoculture plantations.     

胶园间种柠檬是一项值得推广的新产业

简述云南德宏农垦2001-2007年在橡胶园间种柠檬,提高土地利用率和单位面积经济效益的实践,提出橡胶园间种柠檬可发展成为一项新产业,同时针对存在的问题给出了发展建议。     

Forestland-cover changes in China’s tropical area: Historical patterns,implications, and policy options—a case study from Xishuangbanna

To effectively conserve tropical forested areas, it is useful to study and understand historical land-cover changes and local people’s attitudes toward the current land-uses. Using forest inventory data, and data collected from a survey of 145 households, we explored the forestland-cover changes, within the past 50 yr, in Xishuangbanna, China, and assessed the local residents’ perceptions toward the existing forestland management schemes. Our analysis showed that although forestland coverage has increased during the time-period studied, the increase can be mostly attributed to the expansion of rubber plantations. Forest degradation continues to be an issue in the area studied. The government’s attempts to mitigate the effects of rubber monocultures, by promoting environment-friendly plantations, have been proven challenging, which was mainly due to locals’ unfavorable view of the plan. Also, because of the recent decreasing prices of dry rubber, many locals have lost their interest in managing the forest plots they own, hindering further the successful implementation of the plan. Considering these challenges, and the strong negative effects of rubber monocultures on biodiversity, we argue that the current incentives should be further strengthened to promote more efficiently the government’s “Environment-Friendly Ecological Rubber Plantations” plan, and the joint management of the locals’ forest plots.     

云南橡胶园肥力变化特点与有机肥施用

云南橡胶园土壤存在明显酸化、有机质下降、有效养分降低、缺素和营养失调等问题。为有效保持胶园肥力和橡胶产业的可持续发展,胶园施肥不宜单施化肥,应重施有机肥,以有机肥为主,配合施用化肥。最好是因土对症(缺素)配方,将配方的化肥加入有机肥中制成有机混合肥施用;施肥时期应与每年产胶高峰期相配合,即秋未冬初和七八月两次施肥。     

云南西双版纳橡胶树死皮病高发原因及控制措施探讨

从宏观农业角度,探讨西双版纳植胶区植胶环境和经营管理条件与橡胶树死皮病(TPD)的关系,尝试说明该区域死皮病高发的原因,提出了通过改善生产管理控制该病害的措施。