湖南省2001—2010年能源类碳排放特征

以湖南省2001年碳排放情况为基准,对湖南省10年来能源碳排放量进行分析。结果表明:全省能源碳排放量呈逐年上升趋势,排放量主要集中在第二产业,单位GDP碳排放量低于全国水平。在此基础上,提出了湖南省实施低碳排放的对策和建议。     

基于节能管理的工业绿色发展思考

指出了在“十三五”规划中,我国向国际做出了低碳的承诺:在2020年,单位GDP碳排放量要比2005年降低42.5左右,为了兑现承诺,妥善处理资源环境与经济社会可持续发展的关系,对我国能源发展现状、龙岩市工业能源近年双控指标等数据进行了分析,提出了促进工业绿色发展,打造低碳经济的有关建议。以供参考。     

工业行业能源消费碳排放影响因素分析——以合肥市为例

指出了碳排放的主要来源是工业的能源消费,研究城市工业能源消费碳排放特征和影响因素具有很强的实际意义。以合肥市为例,首先从能源消费量、CO_2排放量、能源结构及能源强度等指标分析了2000~2014年合肥市工业碳排放特征。在此基础上,运用LMDI方法构建了合肥市工业能源消费碳排放影响因素分解模型,定量分析了合肥市工业33个行业的经济发展、能源效率、产业结构、能源结构等因素对合肥工业碳排放的影响。研究结果表明:经济发展是合肥市工业CO_2排放量持续增长的主要原因,同时,能源效率、产业结构、能源结构的变动都不同程度地抑制了CO_2排放量增加。针对分析结果,提出了相关的建议。     

南京市碳排放量测算及其低碳城市建设的对策

本文依托《南京统计年鉴》,运用相关模型,对2008至2012年南京市碳排放量进行测算。结果表明,城市碳排放量逐年增加。南京市要建设成为低碳城市,实现绿色发展,必须从建筑,交通,生产三方面进行改进。     

内蒙古实现碳达峰目标的路径研究

"碳达峰"目标对人类改善生存环境及实现绿色低碳生活具有重要现实意义.基于内蒙古能源的实际情况,运用描述统计法描述了内蒙古能源结构以及碳排放现状,通过研究分析得出了内蒙古在实现碳达峰目标中存在着能源消耗较大、过度依赖于煤炭产业、碳排放量高等问题,针对这些问题提出了控制能源消耗,重点领域减排、实施能源低碳化,减少对煤炭依赖...     

基于LMDI的四川省能源消费碳排放因素分解

对四川省的碳排放量进行了核算,并运用LMDI模型分析了人口规模、经济发展、能源结构、产业结构、能源强度和碳排放系数对碳排放量的影响。结果表明：人口规模的增加、经济的快速发展和能源消费结构是引发2000～2010年四川省碳排放量增长的主要因素,产业结构对四川省的碳排放影响甚微,能源强度的降低一定程度上缓解了碳排放量增势。     

临安市工业碳排放现状分析与低碳发展对策初探

以临安市为研究案例,根据2003-2013年的统计年鉴数据,借鉴IPCC提供的碳排放相关数据及估算法,计算得出临安市近11年的工业碳排放量呈坡形曲线变化、先升后降,表明前5年的工业迅速增长及后6年的碳减排已收到成效;利用LMDI模型进行碳排放影响因素分解,结果表明总人口数、人均生产总值、能源利用效率是临安市工业碳排放的推进因素,工业化率、能源结构是临安市工业碳排放的衰减因素;结合计算结果的图表分析提出,作为一个中等城市,临安市应控制城市人口规模,加强能源结构调整,推进农村建设和产业结构优化,使工业碳减排成为城市良性发展的主要动力。     

贵州省喀斯特不同土地利用方式碳排放和碳足迹生态效应

研究了贵州省2006—2016年不同土地利用方式的碳排放效应。结果表明:1)贵州省2006—2016年土地利用结构信息熵和均衡度呈现上升趋势。2)碳排放总量总体呈增长趋势,其中,建设用地是主要碳源,林地是主要碳汇。3)碳吸收呈逐年增长的趋势,林地、草地的碳吸收总量趋于上升,但保持相对稳定趋势。4)碳排放强度总体呈下降趋势,由2006年的2.65t/万元下降到2016年的1.23t/万元。而碳排放强度下降率远小于GDP增长率,远远不能实现碳排放的绝对减排。5)生态承载力呈增加趋势,但远远不及总碳足迹的增加速度,生态赤字随着总碳足迹的增加逐年增加,说明贵州省自身的生态系统不足以补偿能源消费的碳排放;从不同能源消费碳足迹来看,煤炭能源碳足迹远远大于石油和天然气碳足迹,说明以煤炭为主的能源消费会带来更大的总碳足迹。6)碳排放量存在显著的年际变化,人均碳排放逐年增加,主要是由于净碳排放量的逐年增加,耕地、林地、草地和建设用地碳排放均呈增加趋势,以建设用地碳排放量为主。     

基于生命周期(LCA)的园林碳排放评价初探

国内对低碳园林的研究多数还处于定性评价研究阶段,对园林碳排放量的定量分析研究还较少。文中运用生命周期法(LCA),对园林建造、使用及拆除处置等不同阶段的碳排放量进行初步的量化分析,明确低碳园林的内涵,提出了低碳园林生命周期碳排放评价的框架与方法。       

基于协整检验的农业基础设施对低碳农业的影响研究

基于1990~2010年的数据,采用协整检验的方法研究了我国农业基础设施对低碳农业的影响,得出我国的农田水利基础设施、能源基础设施增加了农业碳排放,而交通基础设施减少了碳排放,有利于低碳农业的发展的结论。建立了ECM模型发现三者与低碳农业并不存在短期关系,并分析了这些结论的原因。     

Potential for climate change mitigation through afforestation: an economic analysis of fossil fuel substitution and carbon sequestration benefits

The impetus for this paper is Canada's commitment under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce national greenhouse gas emissions as well as reducing dependency on fossil fuels. This research assesses the economic viability of using biomass from afforested lands and industrial wood waste as a feedstock for ethanol production to substitute for fossil fuels in the transportation sector. Afforestation can increase the size of the carbon sink and also provide a source of renewable energy. Ethanol offers an excellent opportunity for greenhouse gas mitigation due to market potential, an ability to offset significant emissions from the transportation sector, and reduce emissions from CO₂-intensive waste-management systems. A case study of the economics of a hypothetical ethanol production facility found that a facility capable of producing 122 million litres of ethanol annually could have a net present value of CDN$245 million over a planning horizon of 36 years. This facility would require a supply of up to 960 oven-dry tonnes of wood-biomass per day and would result in net annual reductions of greenhouse gas emissions of approximately 349,000 tonnes of CO₂. This includes the carbon sequestered through the afforestation as well as emissions avoided through fossil fuel substitution. Using biomass from afforested lands and industrial wood waste as a fuel for energy production can be an economically viable tool for reducing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing the sensitivity of transportation fuel prices to changes in gasoline prices. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

北京市林业产业结构发展的灰色动态关联分析

运用灰色系统理论,计算了不同时段北京市林业产业结构灰色关联度,在此基础上,对北京市林业产业结构现状及动态变化进行全面分析,进而提出长期发展林业第一产业,适度挖掘林业第二产业,大力发展林业第三产业的产业结构发展建议。     

Tropical forest fragmentation and greenhouse gas emissions

Rainforest fragments in central Amazonia have been found to experience a marked loss of above-ground biomass caused by sharply increased rates of tree mortality and damage near fragment margins. These findings suggest that fragmentation of tropical forests is likely to increase emissions of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases above and beyond that caused by deforestation per se. We estimated committed carbon emissions from deforestation and fragmentation in Amazonia, using three simulated models of landscape change: a ‘Rondônia scenario,' which mimicked settlement schemes of small farmers in the southern Amazon; a ‘Pará scenario,' which imitated large cattle ranches in the eastern Amazon; and a ‘random scenario,' in which forest tracts were cleared randomly. Estimates of carbon emissions for specific landscapes were from 0.3 to 42% too low, depending on the amount and spatial pattern of clearing, when based solely on deforestation. Because they created irregular habitat edges or many forest perforations which increased tree mortality, the Rondônia and random-clearing scenarios produced 2–5 times more fragmentation-induced carbon emissions than did the Pará scenario, for any given level of clearing. Using current estimates of forest conversion, our simulations suggest that committed carbon emissions from forest fragmentation alone will range from 3.0 to 15.6 million t/year in the Brazilian Amazon, and from 22 to 149 million t/year for tropical forests globally.     

Impacts of initial stand density and thinning regimes on energy wood production and management-related CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions in boreal ecosystems

An ecosystem model (Sima) was utilised to investigate the impact of forest management (by changing both the initial stand density and basal area thinning thresholds from current recommendations) on energy wood production (at energy wood thinning and final felling) and management-related carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions for the energy wood production in Finnish boreal conditions (62°39′ N, 29°37′ E). The simultaneous effects of energy wood, timber and C stocks in the forest ecosystem (live and dead biomass) were also assessed. The analyses were carried out at stand level during a rotation period of 80 years for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) growing in different fertility sites. Generally, the results showed that decreased basal area thinning thresholds, compared with current thinning, reduced energy wood (logging residues) and timber production, as well as carbon stocks in the forest ecosystem. Conversely, increased thinning thresholds increased energy wood production (ca. 1–27%) at both energy wood thinning and final felling and reduced CO₂ emissions (ca. 2–6%) related to the production chain (e.g. management operations), depending on the thinning threshold levels, initial stand density, species and site. Increased thinning thresholds also enhanced timber production and carbon stocks in the forest ecosystem. Additionally, increased initial stand density enhanced energy wood production for energy wood thinning for both species, but this reduced energy wood production at final felling for Scots pine and Norway spruce. This study concluded that increases in both initial stand density and thinning thresholds, compared with the current level, could be useful in energy wood, timber and carbon stocks enhancement, as well as reducing management-related CO₂ emissions for energy wood production. Only 2.4–3.3% of input of the produced energy (energy wood) was required during the whole production chain, depending on the management regime, species and sites. However, a comprehensive substitution analysis of wood-based energy, in respect to environmental benefits, would also require the inclusion of CO₂ emissions related to ecosystem processes (e.g. decomposition).     

Carbon emissions due to land-use change and logging in Cambodia: a modeling approach

Land-use change and forestry in the tropics have caused huge carbon emissions to the atmosphere. The magnitude of these emissions, however, remains debatable. Therefore, there is a need to further develop appropriate methods that would reduce the estimation uncertainties. From a modeling perspective, this report is aimed at estimating carbon emissions from deforestation and logging activities in Cambodia just after it opened its door to the world. Recently available land-use and forest inventory data were used to develop simple models capable of estimating the change of carbon stocks in, and carbon emissions from, dryland and edaphic forests. This study estimated the annual deforestation rate to be 0.1 million ha between 1973 and 2003, or about 0.7%. Between 1993 and 2003, annual carbon emissions amounted to about 13.7 TgC, owing to deforestation and logging. The emissions calculated here are higher than those reported by the Cambodian government, which claimed that Cambodia was once a net sink of carbon. The models developed in this study will be a useful tool for further study of carbon emissions in tropical countries where selective logging is practiced. Part of this article was presented at the International Symposium on the Role of Forests for Coming Generations: Philosophy and Technology for Forest Resource Management, October 2004, Utsunomiya, Japan     

浅谈低碳旅游研究进展

对我国低碳旅游相关文献进行了分析，结果表明：我国低碳旅游研究的领域主要在低碳旅游的概念界定、发展模式、发展对策，研究方法多采用定性的案例研究方法。在此基础上，提出了界定低碳旅游的基本内涵、注重个案研究与定量研究、注重能源消耗与碳排放的研究三个建议。     

低碳旅游：旅游产业生态化的路径分析

低碳旅游的核心诉求是在旅游产业中发展低碳经济、创新低碳技术、以最少的旅游碳排放量来获得更大的旅游经济、社会和环境效益。低碳旅游以其＂立足于对旅游发展中碳排放的控制＂而成为旅游产业生态化的一种有效路径;低碳旅游从行业可持续发展战略实施的角度,通过提倡旅游者成为低碳旅游的践行者、旅游目的地营造并提供低碳旅游吸引物及设施、旅游企业提供低碳旅游产品、政府对其进行引导激励与鼓励等方式促进旅游产业生态化的顺利实现。     

广东省林业碳汇解析及提升潜力分析

森林经营在增强二氧化碳吸收方面具有重要作用,在全球气候变化背景下,本文阐述了《联 合国气候变化框架公约》中我国的履约目标,并评估了 2005 年和 2010 年广东省土地利用变化和林业领 域的固碳量。结果显示广东省 2005 年森林生物量生长碳吸收合计总量为 47.02×109 kg 二氧化碳当量,乔 木林固碳占总固碳量的 88.87%,采伐消耗温室气体排放 11.47×109 kg 二氧化碳当量,采伐消耗温室气 体排放二氧化碳当量占总排放量的 76.12%。2010 年固碳量增长 11.68%,采伐消耗温室气体排放增加了 19.85%。通过对比分析,探讨了广东省林业碳汇的提升潜力及方向。