Designing a microstrip bandpass filter with multi coupling stepped impedance resonators

A compact multi coupling microstrip bandpass filter based on microstrip stepped impedance resonator (SIR) characteristics was presented. The principle of second harmonic suppression with a proper impedance ratio was introduced, which improved the rejection at the stopband of the bandpass filter. A microstrip multi coupling SIR bandpass filter with 3.65 GHz center frequency and 3.5% fractional bandwidth was designed and fabricated. The result of simulating the filter showed -10 dB attenuation at the first harmonic center frequency, making the upper skirt deeper and the bandpass response more symmetric than filters without microstrip SIR. The experimental filter was measured and had -3.2 dB insert loss at the central frequency and a bandwidth of approximately 120 MHz. The measured result was consistent with the simulated one.     

发动机用平板型空滤器流动阻力特性分析和改进

为减小平板型空滤器流动阻力以增大进气量,对平板型空滤器流动阻力特性开展了实验研究,获得了空滤器流动阻力随流量变化的规律和阻力构成成分。阻力随流量的增大而加速增大,滤芯阻力约占整个空滤器阻力的一半,入口流量为120 m 3/h时,总阻力为915.3 Pa,滤芯阻力为426.4 Pa。在实验获得滤芯阻力参数的基础上,提出采用多孔介质跃升模型对平板型空滤器内部流场开展三维数值仿真分析,结果表明,仿真结果与实验结果比较吻合,最大误差为5.67%。滤芯阻力同样约占整个阻力的一半,另一半阻力主要为出口处阻力,其余壁面阻力约占15%。最后,在实验和仿真分析的基础上,提出了改进模型并进行了仿真分析。结果表明,改进模型阻力有较大程度的下降,入口流量为120 m 3/h时,总阻力为588.2 Pa,较原始模型下降了32.2%;增大空滤器流通横截面积是减小阻力以增大进气量的有效手段,改进空滤器壁面的平滑性是补充措施。     

The Extended Kalman Filter Data Fusion Algorithm Based on Discrete Stationary Wavelet Transformation

It is difficult to establish precise mathematical model in extended Kalman filter data fusion algorithm for GPS/ DR integrated vehicle navigation system, an improved extended Kalman filter data fusion algorithm is put forward based on Discrete stationary wavelet transformation. The simulation results show that the algorithm is better than the extended Kalman filter data fusion algorithm, and is available for GPS/DR integrated vehicle navigation system.     

Federated Kalman Filter for GPS/DR Integrated Navigation Systems in Land Vehicle

GPS/DR is a low-cost and high-reliability navigation facility. A federated Kalman filter was designed to real- ize the optimal synthesis of GPS/DR integrated land vehicle navigation system, and its algorithm is presented. A field test was performed. The theoretical analysis and the experiment results both show that, by using this federated Kahnan filter, the positioning accuracy and fault tolerance capability of the GPS/DR integrated navigation system can be greatly improved.     

川滇高山栎凋落物作育苗基质的研究

以川滇高山栎凋落物为主料,发酵腐熟的牛、羊、鸡及猪粪为辅料,以体积比配成4个系列育苗基质配方,以常规土壤和纯凋落物为对照,以津春4号黄瓜为材料,研究了林下凋落物对黄瓜育苗的影响。结果表明,无论从出苗率,形态指标如株高、茎粗、总真叶面积、根系长度,还是根、茎、叶鲜重等指标,猪粪系列基质配方表现最好,尤其是根系方面,株均鲜重是常规土壤育苗的2倍左右,表明该系列基质配方是培育优质种苗的良好基质,其它系列配方均存在不同的缺点,不适宜作为育苗基质。     

Experimental Studies on Electrolyte-gated Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transitors

Owing to unique structure and characteristic of carbon nanotubes, much more are attractions, especially in molecular elements, including field effect transitorsmade of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotube field effect transitors with electrolyte-gated are investgated. Carbon nanotubes on glass substrate in this study are fabricated by hot filament vapor deposition using Fe / Ni as catalyst. Optimized multi-walled carbon nanobute transistors are made with Ag contact electrodes, and the KCl solution is used as a gate. Experimental results show that the electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube transitors exhibited a good voltage-current characteristic. The transconductance is about 0.5 mA/V at 2 V. The results obtained are discussed.     

Noise-reduction of Digital Video Image Based on Time-recursive Filtering

With the analysis of the principle of time-recursive filter, the authors find that the nature of time-recursive filter is Weighted Mean Low-Pass filter and the relationship between filter coefficients and SNR and the artifact arising from the area where motion can not be tracked. One approach based on Automatic Control Method is proposed to solve the artifacts problem during the process of filtering and the authors designed the corresponding hardware based on FPGA and software respectively. The experimental results show that the time-recursive filtering is good at digital video image denoising and reduces the random noise of digital camera system.     

基质、光照和温度对羊耳菊种子萌发的影响

为了研究羊耳菊种子的萌发特性,观察了不同基质、光照和温度等条件处理对羊耳菊种子萌发的影响.种子萌发试验的基质分别为纱布、滤纸及细河沙;光照条件分别为黑暗和自然光2种;萌发温度分别为10,15,20,25℃.结果表明:1)种子萌发最佳基质为细河沙;2)种子在光照条件下具有较高的萌发率;3)最适萌发温度为25℃,萌发率达53.75％.本研究可为羊耳菊资源利用提供科学依据.     

Effect of Water‐Deficit Stress on Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Sugar Beet

Sugar beet progeny lines screened for both high water use efficiency and high sugar yield under drought stress conditions in the field were assessed for the rate of seed germination and early seedling growth in water deficit stress, induced by mannitol solutions. Seeds of nine different sugar beet progeny lines were grown in three experimental conditions using filter paper, perlite and water agar as substrate. Three levels of 0.0, 0.2 and 0.3 m mannitol concentrations were applied in each experiment. A factorial design was used with three replications. Germination percentage was determined in all experiments. Seedling growth parameters such as cotyledon fresh weight, cotyledon dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight (RDW) and root length (RL) were measured experimentally. Abnormality was only recorded in the filter paper experiment. The results showed that drought stress could be simulated by mannitol solution and significant differences were found between stress levels for seedling characteristics. Distinct genetic variances were found among progeny lines with respect to germination and early seedling growth characteristics, except for cotyledons and RDW. Seedling growth and germination rates severely declined at the highest concentration of mannitol. The rate of abnormality was increased progressively at the germination stage with an increase in mannitol concentration but it was more pronounced in the drought‐susceptible progeny lines. The highest values of relative germination % and relative growth % of RL were obtained for the most tolerant line. In conclusion, seedling characteristics, in addition to other physiological components involved in the seed germination process under specific stress conditions, may be considered for breeding purposes.     

CFD-DEM Simulation to Study the Filtration Characteristic of the Fine Particle in the Filter Media

The gas-solid two-phase flow characteristics of fine particles in the filter media were simulated based on CFD-DEM (Discrete Element Method) in this study, and the particle group, particle size distribution, and the rebound effect between particles, particle and fiber were taken into account the calculations. Additionally, the movement characteristics of the particle group and the deposition form of the fine particles in the fibrous filtration were analyzed. The results indicate that it is convenient and feasible to simulate the filtration process of the filter media as well as the deposition process and form of the fine particle on the media surface using CFD-DEM, and the simulation results are consistent with the experimental observations in the literature. The surface filtration has larger contribution to the filtration process, and most of the particles are captured by the media surface. Meanwhile, parts of smaller particles that enter into the media are captured by the depth filtration. A larger number of particles are collected by the particle-particle capture mechanism. The filtration efficiencies of the filter media are varied with the particle systems, and for the model of the filter media in this study, the filtration efficiency of the multi-particle system is about 20% higher than that of the single-particle one.     

花生壳作为栽培基质的前期处理研究

本文采用的花生壳作为栽培基质原料,分别采用露天堆放,用水浸泡以及加入活性菌三种不同方式进行前期处理,对基质的腐熟过程中的各项理化指标进行监控,以研究不同的前期处理方式对基质腐熟程度以及理化性质的影响。结果表明,通过在花生壳加入VT活性菌可以大大加剧基质的腐熟程度,同时发酵升温快,温度高,C/N比下降显著,并能更好的固定基质中的养分。可以作为栽培基质前期比较理想的处理方式。     

基于层次分析法的切花多头菊品质性状评价

为筛选出适合浙江地区种植的切花多头菊品种,根据切花菊评价标准和菊花DUS测试技术,对11个品种的12个田间性状进行观察测量和评分,利用专家咨询法和层次分析法建立评价体系。结果表明,应用层次分析法对标准层4个因素进行权重排序,花部特征的权重值最大,其他依次为整体感、光感周期和瓶插期及叶部特征,表明花部特征对于切花菊的综合评价影响最大,而叶部特征对其影响最小。对目标层的12个影响因子的权重进行赋值,其中花色、花型、花朵数和株高相对于其他性状的权重大,说明其对切花多头菊品质影响最大。最终筛选出4个优良品种,分别为‘罗西梅红’、‘罗西黄’、‘绿橄榄’、‘斯奈’。     

Experimental Analysis on Bending Capacity of Unbonded Prestressed Concrete Beams with HRBF500 Steel Bars

The bending capacity tests on ten simple supported beams were conducted to investigate the damage characteristics, prestress increment, beading capacity and displacement ductility of unbounded prestressed concrete beams with HRBF500 steel bars. The results show that the HRBF500 steel bars has yielded before the limit state. The concrete in compression zone crushes upon the broken of the beams, which shows a sudden damage mode. The measured ultimate stress increments of unbounded tendons are in linear relationship with the comprehensive reinforcement ratio index, while the values of the ultimate stress increments are obviously higher than those values specified in the code GB50010-2010, and the average ratio of predicted values to testing values is about 0.35. The mid span deflection upon yielding of the beams is large, while the displacement ductility is bad and the average value of the displacement ductility ratio is 1.67. The displacement ductility ratio decreases with the increases of the comprehensive reinforcement ratio index. Based on the experimental results, the proposed calculation formula of ultimate stress increments of unbounded tendons was established, and it is in good agreement with the experimental results when the testing value is less than 450 MPa.     

上覆分数阶粘弹性饱和场地土位移地震放大系数

考虑土体液相和固相的耦合作用,将基岩上覆场地土视为两相饱和多孔介质。为了考虑饱和场地土的粘弹性特性,其固相土骨架的应力应变关系利用分数阶Kelvin粘弹性模型来描述,建立了上覆分数阶粘弹性饱和场地土在简谐地震波作用下的运动控制方程。运用分数导数的性质并考虑上覆场地土的边界条件和透水性条件求解了上覆分数阶粘弹性场地土在简谐地震波作用下的振动问题,得到了饱和场地土的位移地震放大系数。采用数值算例分析讨论了分数导数的阶数、液固耦合系数、土体模型参数、基岩土体剪切模量比等参数对位移地震放大系数的影响。研究结果表明,分数导数的阶数、液固耦合系数、土体模型参数、基岩土体剪切模量比对饱和场地土的地震响应有较大的影响,通过压实场地土,可以达到增大液固耦合系数减小地震响应的作用,通过增大饱和场地土的粘性和剪切模量也可以减小地震反应。     

Elastic Band Gaps in Two-dimensional Phononic Crystals Based on Multiple-scattering Theory

Two dimensional solid phononic crystals such as plates, shells can be widely applied to the control of vibration and noise as a kind of structural materials. It is very significant to study the band gaps in two dimensional phononic crystals to apply them in the vibration and noise control for structures and as a filter for acoustical signal. The multiple-scattering theory is integrated with wave equations to study the elastic wave band gaps in two-dimensional phononic crystals. The carbon/proxy system is used as numerical example. The results show that a full band gap is presented when carbon cylinder with high propagation velocity is arranged periodically in proxy with low propagation velocity.     

Adaptive Inverse Control for Feed Water and Superheated Steam Temperature of Supercritical Pressure Boiler

An adaptive inverse control method for feed water and superheated steam temperature of supercritical pressure boiler is investigated. Through the analysis of the boiler system ,s dynamic characteristics, the input vector structure of inverse dynamics model of feed water and superheated steam temperature is constructed. The adaptive inverse control system is realized through on-line identification of inverse dynamic model with recursive least squares support vector machine. In the control process, the demand for feed water and spray water flow to the outlet steam temperature and micro-superheated steam temperature is considered to realize the integrated control of feed water and superheated steam temperature. Simulation results show that this control system has good control performance and adaptability and can void the repeated oscillation phenomena of control variables which appear in present two section control system.     

基于MODIS-NDVI时序数据的南方冬闲田信息提取

为了从宏观上监测冬闲田的面积及分布情况有效解决传统方法的时效性差的缺陷,以MODIS-NDVI时间序列数据、土地利用数据和湖北省农业统计数据为基础,得到2007年4月到2008年3月湖北省MODIS-NDVI时序数据变化曲线。由于遥感影像在传输过程中受到云、大气等的影响,曲线的变化与统计数据的物候期并不完全符合。为了如实反映地表事物的真实面貌,本文采用Savitzky-Golay滤波进行平滑去噪处理,并将结果与ERDAS中自带的Hanning滤波去噪的结果进行比较,发现前者效果较好,不仅能有效去掉噪声,不产生环形条纹,而且能最大程度地保留细节特征。根据变化曲线所反映的物候信息,最后得到湖北省冬闲田的总面积为5564.3平方千米,即834.6万亩,占耕地总面积的16.6%,主要分布在鄂东南低山丘陵和江汉平原地区,冬闲期主要有60天和120天两种。     

Molecular wheat breeding by direct gene transfer

A method for efficient genetic transformation of wheat has been developed using immature embryos as targets for microprojectile-mediated gene transfer and a helium driven particle delivery system. Screening and selection of transgenic cells, somatic embryos and regenerated plants are performed with the gus-gene and the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar) gene coding for Basta-resistance as the selectable marker. On average, one fertile transgenic plant can be obtained from about 100 microprojectile treated, immature embryos. The number of integrated copies of the transferred gene ranges from 1 up to about 10. Stable integrated genes are inherited in most of the transgenic lines in a normal mendelian fashion segregating 3:1 in the F₂. Homozygous, as well as heterozygous, lines have been followed and analysed genetically at the molecular level and up to F₅. Apart from normal stable gene expression, examples have also been found which showed a loss of gene activity or unexpected segregation pattern. For applied aspects, different genes are transferred aiming for improved disease resistance, modification of quality, or other characteristics. First results from these transgenic lines are reported, and problems still existing with the production of stable transgenic wheat lines are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基因组测序技术解析耐除草剂转基因水稻G2-7的分子特征

Molecular characterization, such as copy number and flanking sequence of foreign DNA fragment insertion site, is the important identity information, provided during safety assessment of genetic modified crop. In this study, the T-DNA insertion site, copy number and flanking sequences were identified in transgenic glyphosate-tolerant rice G2-7 based on whole genome sequencing in combination bioinformatics analysis method. 47.13 Gb clean sequence data for G2-7 was generated on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The junction reads mapped to boundaries of T-DNA and flanking sequences in G2-7 were identified by comparing with sequence of transformation vector and rice reference genome. The results showed that exogenous T-DNA fragments was integrated in the position of Chr. 1 36,189,491-36,189,507 with a single copy, 16 bp rice genome sequence was deleted at the insertion site and no insertion of vector backbone. 375 bp and 353 bp flanking host DNA sequence of 5′-end and 3′-end of the insertion DNA fragment were also obtained, respectively. The putative insertion location and flanking sequences were further confirmed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. The results not only provided data support for safety assessment and event specific detection, but also demonstrated that WGS was an effective technique for identifying molecular characterization in rice.     

The Application of Narrowband Interference Suppression in Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

In order to improve the system effect, it is necessary take the technique of digital signal process to suppress interference, because of the finite gain and the narrow-band interference in system of direct sequence spread spectrum. The authors design a new filter structure improving on tunable digital heterodyne adaptive notch filters. This filter can adaptively track the interference frequency and control the bandwidth and depth of notch, which has the excellent agility and utility. The experiment proves this method overcomes limitation of other interference suppressions, hardly weaken the system performances, enhances the stability of the filter system, and can quickly track the interference frequency.