枣果采收和贮藏保鲜技术

由于枣果用途不同 ,对成熟度要求也不同 ,因此了解枣果成熟过程可确定适当采收日期。1　枣果成熟期1 .1　白熟期果皮细脆 ,叶绿素大量消减 ,皮呈白绿色 ;果实体积不增长 ,肉质较松软 ;汁少 ,含糖低 ,果皮薄而柔软 ,煮熟后不易与果肉分离。1 .2　脆熟期果皮白梗洼 ,果肩开始着色直到全红 ;果肉含糖急剧增加 ,质地变脆 ,汁液增多 ,肉呈白绿色 ;果皮增厚 ,稍硬 ,煮后易与果肉分离。1 .3　完熟期果皮呈紫红色。随着果实继续积累营养 ,干物质含量不断增加 ,含糖量达到最大值 ,芳香物大量形成 ,含水量和维生素 C含量下降 ,果肉近核处转变成黄褐色…     

枣果的采收及贮藏保鲜技术

1采收1.1枣果的成熟过程枣果在成熟过程中，不断积累营养物质，按果皮颜色和肉质的变化情况，果实成熟过程可以划分为白熟期、脆熟期和完熟期三个阶段。白熟期：果皮细胞叶绿素大量消减，果皮退绿变白而呈绿白色或乳白色。果实体积不再增长，肉质比较松软，汁少，含糖量低。果皮薄而柔软，煮熟后不易与果肉分离。脆熟期：白熟期过后，果皮自梗洼、果眉开始逐渐着色转红，直到全红。果肉含糖量因淀粉的转化而急剧增加，质地变脆，汁液增多，肉呈绿白色。果皮增厚，稍硬，煮后易与果肉分离。完熟期：果皮黑紫红色。果实继续积累营养，使干物质…     

枣果的采收及贮藏保鲜技术

1　采收11　枣果的成熟过程枣果在成熟过程中,不断积累营养物质,按果皮颜色和肉质的变化情况,果实成熟过程可以划分为白熟期、脆熟期和完熟期3个阶段。白熟期:果皮细胞叶绿素大量消减,果皮退绿变白而呈绿白色或乳白色。果实体积不再增长,肉质比较松软,汁少,含糖量低。果皮薄而柔软,煮熟后不易与果肉分离。脆熟期:白熟期过后,果皮自梗洼、果肩开始逐渐着色转红,直到全红。果肉含糖量因淀粉的转化而急剧增加、质地变脆、汁液增多、肉呈绿白色。果皮增厚、稍硬,煮后易与果肉分离。完熟期:果皮黑紫红色。果实继续积累营养,使干物质含量不断增加,…     

绿亨6号防治枣树缩果病效果好

枣树缩果病（烂果病），属细菌性病害，又称束腰病，烧茄子病，是泊头市枣区果实的重要病害。受害症状为初期果皮上出现浅黄色晕黄病斑，环内略凹陷，后期果实表皮皱缩凹陷，颜色发暗。质地松软，果肉土黄，在成熟前造成大量落果，严重影响了枣果品质，给果农们造成了很大损失。     

枣中珍品——沾化冬枣

枣中珍品——沾化冬枣刘春杰，崔卫东沾化冬枣，又名冻枣、苹果枣、冰糖枣，因果实于１０月中下旬成熟而得名“冬枣”，是大果圆枣类中稀有晚熟品种。它果实近球形，单果重达２５克，果皮光亮赭红，皮薄肉脆，细嫩多汁，甘甜清香。冬枣富含１８种人体所必须的氨基酸及黄酮...     

枣裂果的发生与防治

<正>一、发生症状枣果近熟时,枣果皮裂开,果肉稍外露,果实裂开后,炭疽菌等易侵入,遇雨裂果腐烂变酸,成为浆果,不能食用。二、发生原因枣裂果病是非寄生性生理病害,主要是枣果生长前期天气干旱,果实表面紧密     

不同品种枣树果实的抗裂性及其抗裂机理

为给推广抗裂枣树品种提供参考依据,采用野外调查与人工控制条件下抗裂果测定法相结合的方法,对河北沧州金丝小枣产区主栽品种进行了抗裂性测定。结果表明:根据枣果的抗裂程度,可把枣品种分为抗裂、较抗裂、易裂3个类型;不同品种枣果表皮细胞厚度的变化幅度较大,抗裂品种的表皮细胞厚度大,而易裂枣果品种的表皮细胞厚度小;抗裂品种枣果果皮不同部位的蜡层和表皮层厚度均匀、表皮层细胞排列整齐紧密,而易裂品种枣果果皮不同部位的蜡层和表皮层不均匀、表皮层细胞排列散乱无序。     

枣树盆景的养护技术

枣树盆景将枣树矮化栽培与盆景造型技术结合起来,塑造成叶绿果红、可观可食的艺术品。1品种选择盆景枣树应具备果实大而奇特、枝形美、树形紧凑等特点。龙须枣:枝弯曲扭转生长,枝形如龙爪。茶壶枣:果形似茶壶。葫芦枣:果实呈葫芦形或磨盘形。梨枣:果淡红色,肉质酥松清脆。柿蒂枣:果实暗红色,形同柿蒂。胎里红:果实锥形,成熟后呈红紫色。冬枣:果实成熟时有红晕,果实品质佳。羊奶枣:果肉绿白,松脆多汁。辣椒枣:果形似辣     

枣缩果病的防治

枣缩果病的防治牛步莲枣缩果病系细菌病害，病原菌属细菌植物门、肠杆菌科、欧氏菌属的一个新菌种──噬枣欧文氏菌。枣缩果病的发生与气温、相对湿度、枣果发育期有密切关系。枣果感病后，初期出现淡褐色斑点。后期果皮呈暗红色，果肉由淡绿色转赤黄色，果实脱水瘦小，一...     

枣黑腐病病原研究

枣黑腐病的病原菌鉴定为Dothiorella gregaria Sacc.,该菌可通过伤口或直接穿透果皮侵染,在病落果上越冬后进行初侵染,欧氏杆菌Erwinia sp.只为害成熟枣果,不侵染未成熟枣果。     

Breaking Seed Dormancy of Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.)

Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) seeds were collected from the west part of Turkey in the fall of 2002. Seeds with pericarp (+) or without pericarp (−) were treated with 1000 mg/l, 2000 mg/l and 3000 mg/l GA₃ concentrations, cold stratified at +4 ± 1°C for 25 and 50 days, punctured and seed coat removed to overcome and assess the mechanism of laurel seed dormancy. A period of 50 days cold stratification and removing seed coat significantly increased germination rate to 55% ± 1.91 (Mean ± SE) and 85% ± 3.00, respectively. None of the seeds with pericarp germinated regardless of treatment they underwent. Results suggested that seed dormancy was mainly due to pericarp and perhaps inhibitors linked to seed coat.     

核桃果实发育过程中青皮和果仁中矿质元素含量的变化

对早实核桃辽宁1号和晚实核桃清香果实生长发育过程青皮和种仁中矿质元素含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明,青皮和种仁中的矿质元素以钾的含量最高,氮、磷和锌含量较低。随着果实生长发育,青皮和种仁中钾变化趋势不同,青皮和种仁中钾的含量明显高于其他矿质元素的含量;青皮中钾含量变化趋势基本是先增加后降低,种仁中钾含量逐渐降低。青皮中钾含量高于种仁中钾的含量,清香青皮中钾平均含量是种仁中钾平均含量的2.44倍,辽宁1号青皮中钾含量是种仁中钾平均含量的2.93倍。     

水蜜桃果皮中色素和芳香物质变化与其内在品质的相关性

为了探讨果皮色泽和芳香族化合物含量与果实内在品质的关系,以‘湖景蜜露’水蜜桃为试材,对果皮色泽及其所含芳香族化合物和果肉中糖酸含量进行测定。结果表明,果皮中花色苷含量的上升伴随着叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的下降。1-己醇、顺-3-己烯醇、己醛、反式β-紫罗兰酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、γ-六内酯、δ-癸内酯和γ-癸内酯为果皮中特征性芳香族化合物。果肉中蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量与果皮花色苷含量呈极显著正相关,果肉中苹果酸和奎宁酸含量与果皮中花色苷含量呈极显著负相关,果肉中蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量与果皮中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量呈显著负相关,果肉中苹果酸和奎宁酸含量分别与果皮中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量呈显著正相关。己醛、乙酸乙酯和γ-六内酯与果实内在品质关联度较高。调控果皮特征性物质的代谢是提升果实内在品质的一种途径。     

Seed dormancy in bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.)

The germination of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) seeds wasexamined both in the laboratory and in the field during twoyears. Seeds were collected from a grove in a garden in the townof Drama, Northern Greece, by mid November in the first year andby late November in the second year. The seeds with and withoutpericarp were given a warm-moist (20 °C day/12 °C night) oncold-moist (4±1 °C) treatment in peat or sand. After treatment theseeds were placed in the germinator along with controls. Thegermination of seeds with and without pericarp was alsoinvestigated in the field (late fall sowing). It was found thatthe pericarp caused dormancy. In seeds without pericarp,cold-moist and warm-moist stratification both proved to besuccessful in breaking embryo dormancy (100% and 96% successrespectively). The required stratification duration was 50 daysfor the warm-moist and 60 days for the cold-moist treatments.During the cold-moist stratification no germination was observed.On the other hand, seeds started to germinate during thewarm-moist stratification by about the 50th day. In the fallsowing germination was 20% for seeds with pericarp and 41% for seeds without pericarp. Drying bay laurel seeds caused areduction of the seed germination.     

青钱柳种子不同部位发芽抑制物质的测定

对青钱柳种子不同部位乙醚提取液进行了生物测定并对果皮和种皮提取液进行GC-MS鉴定,结果表明:青钱柳种子不同部位乙醚提取液的抑制强度为果皮>种皮>种胚;果皮和种皮乙醚提取液的GC-MS鉴定结果显示,青钱柳种子中存在庚酸、辛酸、棕榈酸和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯等发芽抑制物质。对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和棕榈酸标准品进行生物测定,确定其半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为478.63μL/L和602.56mg/L。     

石榴果实香气物质的研究

利用顶空固相微萃取法提取大青皮甜石榴整体果实、石榴皮和石榴籽汁的芳香物质,气相色谱-质谱联机定性定量分析,检测香气组分.石榴香气组分中以醛类和醇类为主,在石榴整体果实中占总峰面积的78.32%和14.52%,在石榴皮中占89.88%和4.70%,在石榴籽汁中占82.15%和9.78%.石榴中共检测出77种香气组分,其中石榴果实、果皮和籽汁中分别检测出42种、39种和43种.香气成分中共有的成分为18种,在果实、果皮和籽汁中分别占总峰面积的94.62%、95.59%和93.76%.2-己烯醛、己醛、3-己烯醛、(E,E)-2,4-己二烯醛为石榴的主要香气成分,在果实、果皮和籽汁分别占78.27%、89.78%和81.79%.结果表明,石榴香气组分以C6醛和醇为主,石榴不同部分香气组分差异也主要表现在C6醛和醇含量的差异上.     

Cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of Annona muricata pericarp

Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Annona muricata pericarp were tested in vitro against Leishmania braziliensis and L. panamensis promastigotes, and against cell line U-937. The ethyl acetate extract was more active than the other extracts and even of Glucantime used as reference substance. Its fractionation led to the isolation of three acetogenins--annonacin, annonacin A and annomuricin A.     

杜仲果实含胶特性的个体变异规律

采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法,对杜仲果实含胶特性的个体变异规律及其与若干宏观性状的相关性进行了系统研究。结果表明,无性系间的果长、果宽、果厚、果形指数、果实千粒质量、果皮含胶率、果实含胶率和单果含胶量都存在极显著差异。在供试的35个无性系中,果皮含胶率极显著高于对照的有14个无性系,果实含胶率极显著高于对照的有15个无性系;无性系果实含胶率和果皮含胶率与果实主要形态性状的相关性均未达到显著水平,而单果含胶量则与果长、果宽、果厚、果实千粒质量的相关性均达到了极显著水平,与果皮含胶率和果实含胶率的相关性也达到了极显著水平。     

Two new prenylated xanthones and a new prenylated tetrahydroxanthone from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana

Two new prenylated xanthones and a new prenylated tetrahydroxanthone, garcimangosxanthone A–C (1–3), along with fourteen known xanthones were isolated from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against A549, LAC and A375 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 5.7–24.9 μM, which were comparable to those of doxorubicin.     

文冠果果实性状相关性研究

Xanthoceras sorbifolia provenances were obtained in their main districts, and some cone characters were tested which includes cone diameter(A), cone length(B), pericarp thickness(C), fruitstalk diameter(D), single cone weight(E), pericarp weight(F), seed weight(G), number of seed room(H), seed number(J), rate of seed of cone(K). From the analysis of those characters, it was found that the indexes of characters of single cone weight(E), seed weight(G), pericarp weight(F) had large disparities, and the indexes of characters of cone diameter(A), cone length(B), pericarp thickness(C), fruitstalk diameter(D) had small disparities. There were linearly positive correlations between indexes of characters, the relative coefficient of factors with A is E＞B＞F＞G＞D＞J＞C; the relative coefficient of factors with B is E>G>F>A>J>D>C;the relative coefficient of factors with C is J＞G＞E＞B＞F＞A;the relative coefficient of factors with D is E＞G＞F＞A＞B＞J;the relative coefficient of factors with E is F＞G＞A＞B＞J＞D＞C; the relative coefficient of factors with F is E＞G＞A＞B＞J＞D＞C;the relative coefficient of factors with G is E＞F＞B＞A＞J＞D＞C.