彝良县森林资源调查与发展建议

文章利用"3S"技术,结合实地调查方法,查清了各类土地面积和各类森林蓄积、林木和林地资源的种类、数量、质量,查清了低效林资源和林下资源,落实了森林分类经营区划,调查了森林资源消耗量,分析了森林资源消长变化情况,根据森林资源现状和特点,提出了发展建议。     

云南省宁蒗县森林资源调查与林业发展建议

为查清云南省宁蒗县森林资源情况,满足其森林资源管理、林业发展和生态建设需要,利用“3s”技术和小班调查、样地调查、低产林调查、消耗量调查等方法,查清各类土地面积和各类森林蓄积、林木和林地资源的种类、数量、质量,落实森林分类经营区划.分析森林资源消长变化情况,根据森林资源现状和特点,提出加强石漠化治理和编制林业发展规划等林业发展建议,为今后全县森林资源的科学经营与管理、制定林业发展规划提供基础数据,也为今后实行森林生态效益补偿和森林资源资产化管理提供重要依据.     

万山特区森林资源评价与经营管理建议

利用1995年、2006年两次二类调查森林资源监测成果：各类林地面积、森林蓄积、森林更新、森林环境状况、森林景观资源等数据，分析万山特区森林资源的数量、质量及其生长、消亡等动态变化规律，分析森林资源与自然环境和经济、经营条件之间的关系，科学评价万山特区十年问林业建设取得的巨大成就及存在不足。     

安图县森林资源动态变化及林业可持续发展对策

通过对安图县1995、2005和2015年连续3次森林资源二类调查数据的比较分析,结果表明:20年间森林面积、覆盖率、活立木总蓄积呈逐年增长态势,森林面积增长2.5%,覆盖率增长2.3%,活立木总蓄积增长58.5%。然而,地方经营的森林仍存在森林质量不高、结构简单、经营措施单一等问题。针对存在问题,提出优化营林措施、大力发展林下经济、推进森林康养新业态健康发展等对策。     

夷陵区森林资源动态分析与发展建议

根据2019年完成的夷陵区第五次森林资源普查(以下简称"二类调查")成果,概述夷陵区森林资源现状,并与2009年"二类调查"数据相比较,从森林覆盖率、各类林地面积蓄积、林种、乔木林龄组结构动态等方面的变化进行切合实际的分析,并提出森林资源保护与发展建议,为夷陵区林业生态建设成效提供参考依据。     

平坝县森林资源动态变化与发展对策

通过对平坝县1985年、1995年和2005年连续3次森林资源二类调查资料和2013年平坝县林地变更调查数据的比较分析表明:平坝县的林地面积、森林面积蓄积和森林覆盖率均稳步提高,森林资源保持了高速度增长;但也存在森林资源结构不合理,森林资源整体质量和森林资源管理水平较低等问题。针对问题提出了科学制定森林可持续发展规划、推进森林分类经营等措施,以期保障平坝县森林资源的可持续发展。     

可持续林业建设的发展方向

全球生态意识的觉醒、环境危机感的增强、森林和林业价值观念的转变，不仅对林业调查规划(设计)部门提出了更新更高的要求，而且也要求森林经营体制与规模等做出相应的转变。单纯注重森林蓄积消长量的调查和木材的培育利用，显然满足不了时代的要求，应拓宽到森林多种环境信息资源的调查和多目标的经营利用上，为此在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上，提出了森林资源调查应完善的内容和森林可持续经营所采取的措施与手段，指出成立林业公司是森林经营的一个发展出路。     

美国近期的森林资源及其研究项目

根据美国林务局1992年森林资源数据更新汇总等有关材料,介绍了美国森林资源总量,以及按各类面积、蓄积、权属的分配情况,指出了用美国的森林资源与我国森林资源相比时应注意的问题。介绍了美国的森林资源调查方法、调查成本、机构和调查历史以及美国林务局负责森林调查的主要机构—FIA近十年5个方面的主要工作和研究项目。     

黄龙山林业局森林资源变化浅析

本文根据最新（2005年）森林资源二类调查成果,概述了黄龙山次生林区森林资源的现状;并与上期（1997年）森林资源二类调查数据比较,分别从林地面积,森林蓄积,林种、树种、龄组结构等方面对森林资源消长变化进行科学的分析和评价,对今后森林经营作了简要评述。     

浙江省景宁县森林资源现状及其保护对策

以景宁县森林资源规划设计调查成果为依据,从林地资源、林木资源、单位蓄积、林分结构等方面对其森林资源现状进行分析,以正确认识景宁的森林资源结构特点,并从实行分类经营,继续加强中幼林抚育工作,充分利用成过熟林资源、逐步更新山区森林,加强安全保障体系建设,提高经济林管理水平,建立适应市场规律的林业管理体制和运行机制等探讨森林资源经营方向,提出坚持森林分类经营、实行定向培育、依靠科技进步和技术创新、结合集体林林权制度改革理顺林权、大力开发森林生态旅游、切实抓好林特产品基地建设等建议,为指导该县科学经营和管理森林、制订林业发展规划、进行森林分类经营区划和实行森林生态效益补偿提供依据。     

江苏省森林资源现状与特点分析

森林资源二类调查是获取各基层单位森林资源现状与分布的主要方法,根据江苏省2009年森林资源二类调查结果,笔者通过提取各类林地、林木、林种、乔木林、竹林和灌木林的组成及分布等森林资源主要数据,并对单位面积蓄积、单位面积株数和树种结构等因子进行了对比分析,客观地反映了江苏森林资源快速增加、幼中龄林占优势地位、非公有制林业快...     

泾源县森林资源特点及保护利用对策

2006年9月~2008年10月,泾源县抽调专业技术人员,采用"3S"等高新技术,利用人机交互目视解译卫星遥感影像(SPOT5)区划土地类型和判读小班林分因子,遥感定量测算小班蓄积量,GPS定位验证的方法。全面查清了全县森林、林地和林木资源种类、数量、质量与分布,建立和更新了森林资源档案。本文对泾源县森林资源现状和重点林业工程建设成效进行分析,找出特点,并提出保护利用对策,现报告如下,目的是使泾源县在制定森林采伐限额,进行林业工程设计和森林资源管理,制定县域国民经济发展和林业发展规划,实行森林生态效益补偿和森林资源资产化管理,指导和规范全县森林科学经营等方面有一定的参考依据。     

森林多功能的计量与评估

通过对辽宁省抚顺市清原县大边沟林场第21林班内的15个小班构成的小流域的森林功能进行调查,利用以往实验地森林各种功能的调查数据作为原始数据,用雷达图综合分析法进行森林功能的分析与评估。雷达图可以全面反映出森林各种功能的发挥效果,通过雷达图中的多边形的形状可以具体看出各个小班的各种功能的强与弱以及各种功能的对比。通过对调查结果的分析,得出试验地的15个小班的森林多功能性大致分为以下3种类型:综合发展型、稳定发展性以及滞后发展性。利用雷达图综合分析法评估森林多功能可为以后的森林经理和造林工作提供依据和指导。     

川西高山林区人工林生态学的研究--人工林分区与分类

本文依据川西高山林区自然条件及天然林树种生态地理分布,阐明川西林区人工林分布现状及特征;以川西高山林区森林分异规律、采伐迹地的分类及其应用为基础,提出川西高山林区人工林进行分区与分类依据和原则,分区分类系统包括3个经营类型区、4个经营类型组、9个经营类、17个林型组和39个类型,并提出了经营对策。     

Describing management attitudes to guide forest policy implementation

Forest policy in Denmark aims to increase the environmental values of forests. For policy implementation it is essential to know how to motivate private owners. Based on a survey among private forest owners in Denmark, four types of owners have been identified, clustered according to their forest management attitudes and practices: (1) the production-oriented owner, (2) the classic forest owner, (3) the environmental/recreational owner, and (4) the indifferent forest owner. Owners in Clusters 1 and 2 are mainly motivated by financial and wood production aspects, whereas owners in Cluster 3 are to a greater extent motivated by environmental and recreational aspects. Cluster 4 is the least motivated cluster. For effective policy intervention, the clusters should be addressed by different means. Owners in Clusters 1 and 2 should be met on their agricultural-production logic, Cluster 3 on their interest to improve environmental values, whereas owners in Cluster 4 might mainly be interested in passive nature management solutions.     

From Framework to Forest Activities: A Comparative Analysis of Different Ownership Types in Two Adjacent Regions

The paper examines the interactions between the demands of society, the restrictions due to recreational and protective functions of forests and the intensity and kind of forest management in the various ownership classes in Switzerland (CH) and Baden–Württemberg (BW) in south–west Germany. A survey was carried out among owners of communal forests, private forest landholders owning more than 200 ha of forest land and small-scale forest enterprises with up to 200 ha of forest land. The survey adopted a two-dimensional approach, using regions and comparable ownership classes in order to identify basic differences and underlying key drivers. It became obvious that there are relevant distinctions between the two countries. The paper highlights the present use of forests, the restrictions perceived by their owners, and the underlying management strategies in terms of structure of the forests, tree species composition and thinning activities. In BW the financial function is the dominant motivation for the majority of the private owners. The communities emphasize both timber and non-timber functions of their forests. Except for the protection function (avalanches, rockslides) the utilisation and importance of the forest in CH is lower than in BW. Profitability of forests continues to be a key-driver of intensity of forest management activities, but there is less influence on the choice of basic silvicultural strategies. The results of this comparative survey are placed in the context of a forest policy framework and the medium-term financial situation in the two countries.

青海省门源县森林可持续经营措施

森林经营是林业可持续发展的保证,基于青海省门源县森林资源的现状,提出了门源县森林可持续经营的措施。     

The forest planning system in relation to the forest resource and forestry policies

The current forest planning system of Japan has been in place since the formulation of the Forest Law back in 1897. During this time, although addressing specified forests as demonstrated in the system for protection forests, in a more general sense, the execution of the forest planning system has placed forestry management at the core. In other words, it has instead been forest administration delivered in a manner relevant to forestry management. This trend is exhibited in, for instance, policies for the reorganization of common forest, the forest management planning system, forest owners associations, the proceeds-sharing reforestation system, cooperative silviculture management, and valley forestry revitalization; which have all been implemented.In this paper I review the results of these practices and explore the contemporary forest owners pattern of behavior. I also discuss the passive attitudes among forest owners, especially in comparison with the attitudes prevalent during the postwar reforestation era, continuing up to the 1960s, and the current tendency towards neglect in the afforested areas, as well as the increasing number of forest owners giving up forestry practice.In the postwar era (up to the 1960s), forestry had been following an upward trend of development that motivated forest owners to afforest, as this was the optimal choice for increasing the familys stocks for future generations (in the manner of holding an asset), and thus a rapid expansion of plantation forests resulted. By the 1970s, when domestic wood supply became less than a half of all domestic wood demand (it is still declining now), forest owners gradually began to lose interest in reforestation and care of the forest as a method of increasing assets. The current share of domestic wood supply in total consumption has dropped to 20%, and the annual cut volume is only 23% of the annual volume increment.Forests are as much a public property as they are private and, moreover, represent a globally significant resource. Active stewardship, such as materializing internationally agreed notions of sustainable forest management, promoting forest certification systems, and complying with the Kyoto Protocol, are now important issues, both domestically and internationally.The paradoxical gap between current forestry trends and public aspirations for forests is widening with each year, thus creating a grave social problem. I have been focusing on forestry revitalization as the primary step towards the resolution of this issue. As the logical basis for executing this policy, I review the relations between forest resource policies and forestry policies.At the same time, by reviewing the forest planning system and its developmental process, I sought to investigate what new policies would fulfill the need to realize the public functions of forests while revitalizing forestry, form the point of view of forestry policies and their influence on the forest planning system. I have concluded that there is a case for separating forest management from forest ownership in units of forest compartments; namely to establish an incorporative management system by which forest owners can invest in their stands.     

Sustainability Attributes of a Small-Scale Betel Leaf Agroforestry System: A Case Study in North-eastern Hill Forests of Bangladesh

The Khasia ethnic community of Bangladesh has been a population of forest villagers in the north-eastern hill forests of Bangladesh since the early 1950s, practicing a betel leaf-based agroforestry system on land granted by the Forest Department. Taking a sample forest village of the Sylhet forest division as a case study, this article examines the sustainability attributes of betel leaf production in the agroforestry system. The presence of several positive attributes of sustainability including the composition of agroforestry, disease control, soil fertility management, profitability, socio-cultural acceptability and institutional support indicate that betel leaf production within the agroforestry system is stable under the prevailing traditional management system. Income from the sale of betel leaf is the principal livelihood means and villager’s reciprocal contributions help to conserve forest resources. However, problems with land ownership and regular agreement renewal need to be resolved for the sake of their livelihoods and forest conservation.

Institutional arrangement and typology of community forests of Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland of North-East India

Most community forests in hill regions of northeast India have been managed by traditional local institutions for centuries and most of these institutions remain functional even today. Higher forest coverage on private and community lands as compared to government land indicates that traditional institutions effectively manage community forests in the region. The present study was conducted through a survey of literature and field work using participatory research tools viz., PRA exercises, group discussions and questionnaire interviews with key informants in northeast India. We categorized the institutions involved in conservation and management of forests into three major types: traditional, quasi-traditional and modern. Traditional institutions with hierarchal structure were found in all states and are intact and functional in the state of Meghalaya. Quasi-traditional institutions, a blend of traditional and modern institutions were prevalent in Nagaland while modern institutions have almost replaced traditional institutions in Mizoram. We recorded at least eleven types of community forests viz., group of village forest, village forest, restricted forest, sacred forest, clan forest, cemetery forest, regeneration forest, bamboo forest, recreation forest, village reserved forest and medicinal plantation in villages of three states. The tribal people, through long-term trial and error experiments, have developed an elaborate, functional and generally democratic system of conservation and management of forests and associated natural ecosystems. Several forest and natural resource management lessons can be learnt from the institutional structure and decision making system of the evolving and dynamic institutions of tribal communities of the region.