红锥不同种源叶片养分含量分析

对红锥3个不同种源2 a生苗的叶片进行营养元素含量测定分析,结果表明:与大多数植物体内营养元素含量适宜范围相比,红锥叶片营养元素N、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、B含量在适宜范围之内;Cu的含量只有浦北种源在正常范围之内,博白和东兰种源处于缺乏状态;Mn含量处于安全水平之下;P和K的含量严重缺乏。常量元素中含量最高的是N,其次是Ca,最低的是Mg和P;微量元素中含量最高的是Fe,其次是Mn,最低的是Cu;叶片中N、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Mn和B营养元素含量在不同种源间的差异均达到显著或极显著的水平。不同种源叶片内矿质元素含量变幅不同,变幅最大的是B,其次为P,再次为Cu,最小的是N、Zn和K;大部份元素之间有显著或极显著的正相关,表明元素间存在着相互的协同作用。     

‘奥斯特’北美冬青叶片主要营养元素含量的年变化规律研究

以7年生‘奥斯特’北美冬青为试验材料,测定叶片中N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn,Cu,B元素含量,分析叶片主要营养元素年动态变化规律,为树体营养诊断和合理施肥提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)叶片中营养元素含量高低为NKPCaMnMgZnFeBCu;(2)随着时间推移,叶片中各营养元素年动态变化出现规律性波动,其中N,P,K,Cu含量总体呈下降趋势,Ca,Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn,B含量总体呈上升趋势。初步认为:N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu元素营养诊断可在8月7日到8月26日期间进行,Mn,B元素可提前至6月26日到7月16日期间进行。     

红锥人工幼林营养特性研究

对不同月份红锥叶片中营养元素含量的变化及其结构进行研究,结果表明,叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn营养元素含量呈季节性变化,普遍地在生长初期（春季）较高,生长旺期（夏季）最低,而秋冬季生长缓慢时由于积累所致而略有回升;叶片中常量元素含量以N、K、P较高,依次排序为：N〉K〉P〉Mg〉Ca,微量元素含量以Mn、Fe为高,依次排序为：Mn〉Fe〉Zn〉Cu,N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu比例为：7.40∶1.00∶5.96∶0.30∶0.51∶1.10∶0.16∶0.05∶0.01;根据研究结果及南方山地的土壤特点,红锥人工幼林的施肥时间宜在春季或春夏之交季节,在肥种及配比上,应在施用大量元素N、P、K、Mg、Ca的基础上配施微肥Zn,配比为N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg∶Zn=7.40∶1.00∶5.96∶0.30∶0.51∶0.05.     

贵州红玉杧坐果后果实和叶片矿质元素的动态变化及相关性

【目的】了解坐果后贵州红玉杧果实和叶片中矿质元素含量的动态变化,为红玉杧的施肥和管理提供参考依据。【方法】以贵州种植的5年生红玉杧为试材,在果实发育期分别采集果实、第一蓬叶和第二蓬叶样品,测定并分析各部位大量矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg和微量矿质元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量的变化及其相关性。【结果】采样期内红玉杧果实、第一蓬叶、第二蓬叶中矿质元素平均含量最高的是K、N、Ca,分别为15.64、13.52、14.75 g/kg。红玉杧果实中各矿质元素含量整体呈下降趋势,但是Ca、Mn含量的变化幅度较小。第一蓬叶和第二蓬叶中除Mg元素外,其他矿质元素含量的变化趋势相似。其中,N含量整体呈下降趋势,P含量呈上升趋势,K、Ca、Zn含量呈"降—升"的变化趋势,Fe、Mn、Cu含量呈"升—降—升—降"的变化趋势。Mg含量在第一蓬叶中呈"升—降"的变化趋势,在第二蓬叶中呈"降—升—降—升"的变化趋势。相关性分析结果表明:果实中除Fe含量与N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn含量无显著相关性外,其他各矿质元素含量间均呈显著或极显著正相关。第一蓬叶中N含量与Mg含量,P含量与Ca、Cu含量,K含量与Cu含量均呈显著正相关,Fe含量与Zn含量呈显著负相关。第二蓬叶中P含量与Ca、Cu含量,Mg含量与Ca含量呈显著正相关。【结论】果实在生长发育期对K的需求量较大,因此在坐果后要注意增施钾肥。果实中矿质元素的吸收受叶片中矿质元素的影响,叶片中P、Cu的吸收会影响果实中N、P、K、Mn、Zn的吸收,叶片中Ca的吸收会影响果实中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的吸收,但是叶片中Zn的吸收会促进果实中P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu的吸收。因此,为了促进果实的生长发育,在果实发育期间,应确保各矿质元素平衡,可以适当施用锌肥。     

贵州都匀马尾松种子园针叶DRIS营养诊断分析

通过对都匀1．5代无性系种子园20年生马尾松针叶中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、B等营养元素含量变化的测定和分析,初步筛选出N／P、K／N、Ca／N、Mg／N、N／Cu、zn／N、N／Fe、K／P、Ca／P、P／Mg、P／Cu、P／Zn、Fe／P、K／Ca、K／Mg、K／Cu、K／Zn、Fe／K、Ca／Mg、Ca／Cu、Ca／Zn、Fe／Ca、MgJCu、Zn／Mg、Fe／Mg、Zn／Cu、Fe／Cu、Fe／Zn共28对元素比值为重要参数,对贵州都匀马尾松种子园针叶作DRIS营养诊断分析。结果表明,该地区马尾松针叶内Mn含量过高,平均值为767．01mg／kg,而B含量较低,仅为12．95mg／kg,马尾松的需肥顺序为Cu〉P〉Zn〉Mg〉Ca〉N〉K〉Fe。     

“绿岭”核桃种仁充实期叶片与果实矿质元素含量变化规律

对早实核桃绿岭种仁充实期叶片与果实(种仁、青皮、硬壳)N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn等矿质元素含量和果实中不同组织质量的变化规律进行了研究,结果表明:绿岭种仁充实期坚果与种仁质量以及脂肪和总蛋白总量分别增加了5.91g(51.39%)、5.53g(73.47%)、4.24g(80.99%)、1.02g(69.24%)。叶片N,K,Fe,Mn含量均呈下降趋势,P,Mg,Zn含量呈上升趋势,Ca含量先降低再升高。种仁中N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn含量均成降低趋势,种仁中N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn的总量均呈增加趋势。青皮中N,P,Fe,Mn含量呈下降趋势,K,Ca,Mg,Zn含量先升高后降低。硬壳中N,P,Zn含量都呈下降趋势,K含量先升高后降低,Ca,Mg含量逐渐上升,Fe,Mn含量变化不大。种仁内脂肪总量与种仁中N,P,Fe,Mn,Zn总量呈极显著性正相关;与叶片中N,K,Mn,青皮中N,硬壳中P,Zn含量呈极显著性负相关;与青皮中P,Fe,Mn,硬壳中N含量呈显著性负相关。     

油橄榄叶片营养诊断样品适宜采集期研究

为了确定油橄榄叶片营养诊断样品采集的适宜期,采用定点定期连续采集叶片方法,测定并比较分析了莱星和鄂植8号2个油橄榄品种叶片中的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、Fe、B和Cu养分含量的动态变化特征。结果表明:2个油橄榄品种叶片营养元素含量其年变化总趋势在品种间表现较一致;油橄榄叶片营养元素含量在周年内变化趋势因元素种类不同而异;在油橄榄年生育周期内,各元素含量变化相对平稳的时期分别为:N元素12~2月,P元素11~4月,K元素4~6月和9~12月,Ca元素11~3月,Mg元素10~12月,Zn元素3~6月,Mn元素11~1月,Fe元素5~9月,B元素12~1月,Cu元素4~6月和10~2月。综合分析结果表明,油橄榄叶片营养分析的采样适宜期为:N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、B和Cu元素在11~12月取样,Zn、Fe在5~6月取样。     

野生软枣猕猴桃果实品质初步研究

简述了野生软枣猕猴桃果实材料来源地的环境、分布状况。采摘具有代表性的果实,按大、中、小3种规格测定果重、果长、果径等品质指标,同时运用不同的测定方法,分别对果实折光糖、还原糖、可溶性糖、粗纤维、粗蛋白、总酸、水分、糖酸比及Vc,N,P,K,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Ca,Mg的含量进行测定,发现营养元素中除N,Cu含量低于中华猕猴桃外,P,K,Fe,Mn,Zn,Ca含量均高于中华猕猴桃,建议今后开发利用。     

枣树营养元素循环规律的研究

枣树叶片中矿物质元素年变化的动态是:生长初期N、P、K、Fe、Zn和Mg迅速下降,Ca和Mn逐渐上升;生长中期这8种元素变化幅度较小;生长后期N、P、K、Fe、Zn和Mg又下降,而Ca、Mn依然上升。     

福建比利时杜鹃叶片矿质营养含量的研究

分别用凯氏定氮法、钼蓝比色法、火焰光度法和原子吸收分光光度法,对市场上生长良好的福建比利时杜鹃花叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的含量进行了测定,并运用数理统计方法和SPSS软件对测定结果进行了分析.结果表明,未成熟叶片中各营养元素含量分别为N 32.9 g/kg, P 4.6 g/kg, K 22.6 g/kg, Ca 23.9 g/kg, Mg 3.4 g/kg,Fe 123.3 mg/kg,Mn 249.2 mg/kg, Cu 27.5 mg/kg,Zn 163.2 mg/kg.活性Fe的含量为12.3 mg/kg.N、P、K的比例为1∶0.14∶0.69.成熟叶片中营养元素含量分别为N 28.0 g/kg,P 4.2 g/kg1,K 24.2 g/kg,Ca 24.9 g/kg,Mg 3.6 g/kg,Fe 265.5 mg/kg,Mn 354.3 mg/kg,Cu 19.8 mg/kg,Zn 142.3 mg/kg.活性Fe的含量为18.0 mg/kg.N、P、K的比例为1∶0.15∶0.87.该分析结果可供其他地区生长不良的杜鹃进行营养诊断时参考,以改善杜鹃生长不良的状况.     

Urea fertilization and foliar nutrient composition of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarc.)

Foliar mineral contents of hemlock stands in coastal and Cascade Mountain zones of the Pacific Northwest were studied to determine the effect of urea fertilization on foliar nutrients. The results demonstrate that mineral concentrations vary among foliage age classes, stands, and zones. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and B were significantly higher in the Cascade Mountain stands than in the coastal stands. Urea fertilization significantly increased the N content in all age classes of foliage but reduced the concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Al and B, especially in coastal stands. The poor response of coastal stands to urea fertilization, therefore, is probably due to further reduction in already low foliar levels of essential nutrients other than N.     

油茶采穗圃春梢矿质元素含量变化规律分析

为了摸清油茶采穗圃里油茶春梢叶片和茎段内各种矿质元素的变化规律,从而给油茶采穗圃的标准化管理和精准施肥提供技术支撑,对长林18号和53号春梢穗条在腋芽萌发至木质化各个生长阶段的矿质元素和干物质含量进行了测定与分析。测定结果表明:穗条中的氮、磷和钾含量在穗条从腋芽萌发至木质化的生长过程中总体均呈下降趋势,且不同品种和叶片与茎段的不同部位间均存在差异;氮和锰元素,叶片内的含量均高于茎段内的含量;磷和钾元素,叶片内的含量却低于茎段内的含量;镁元素在叶片和茎段内的含量差距较小;在穗条生长初期,茎段内镁含量高于叶片内镁含量,随着叶片的不断生长,其含量均有所上升,之后两者含量逐渐相近。镁、锌和锰元素在茎段内的含量均较稳定,锰元素在叶片内的含量变化较大。氮、磷、钾含量在叶片和茎段内的含量间具有显著或极显著的相关性;叶片内氮与镁、锌和锰含量间的相关性均较强,而叶片中锰与钾元素的含量间呈负相关;茎段内的磷与镁、锰元素间呈显著或极显著正相关;叶片内微量元素镁与锌间呈负相关,而茎段内镁与锰间呈显著正相关。分析结果表明:穗条在各个生长阶段的氮、磷和钾含量呈现出协同变化的趋势,茎段内各营养元素的含量比叶片内的更丰富,叶片内氮含量对其它营养元素的影响较大,锰含量的增加对钾含量有影响。穗条中的单位干物质含量随其木质化程度的不断加深而不断增加,且长林53号高于18号;穗条含水率,两个品种间变化趋势一致且下降幅度接近。     

果园微气候及土壤养分对灰枣果实矿物元素含量的影响

为了遴选出影响灰枣果实矿物元素形成的关键因子,分别设计了树体阴阳面、遮阳、喷水及地表覆盖物等果园微气候处理方式,就不同处理下的气象因子及土壤碱解氮(N)、速效磷(P)、速效钾(K)、有机质(OM)及酸碱度(p H)对灰枣果实中的钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)和铜(Cu)等矿物元素的影响情况进行了试验,并采用显著性、通径系数及线性回归等分析方法,探究了枣果中矿物元素含量与气象因子及土壤养分因子之间的关系。结果表明:在一定范围内,p H值的升高,有利于枣果中Mg和Mn含量的增加;平均湿度相对较高,对枣果中Fe的含量有促进作用。土壤N含量能有效增加枣果中Cu的含量;枣果Ca含量的影响因素依次为平均湿度差、OM、N、平均最低温度及平均最小湿度,Ca含量与OM和平均最低温度间均有负相关,而与其他指标间均呈正相关;影响枣果Zn含量的因素依次为N、平均最低温度、平均湿度差、平均温度差和OM,其中Zn含量与N和OM间均存在负相关,而与上述其余各指标间均呈正相关。     

云南引进葡萄柚品种叶片营养分析

对引种于云南省普文县的9个葡萄柚品种的叶片营养进行了分析,结果表明,(1)葡萄柚叶片中P与K、Mn、Zn呈极显著正相关关系;K与Mg、Mn、Zn显著相关;Ca与Mg、Mn、Fe呈显著或极显著相关;Mg与Mn、Fe分别呈显著、极显著负相关;Mn与Zn呈极显著正相关,N与Mn呈显著负相关。(2)叶片中只有氮、铁含量适宜,磷、钾、锌含量过高,钙、镁、锰含量有不同程度的缺乏。     

Nutrients return from leaves and litterfall in a mediterranean cork oak (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus suber</Emphasis> L.) forest in southwestern Spain

The knowledge of the cycle of nutrients is fundamental for the correct comprehension of the tree–soil relationship and for an adequate forest management. In order to analyse the nutrients return from leaves and litterfall in a Mediterranean cork oak forest in southwestern Spain, 12 trees were randomly selected and litterfall collected for 2 years. Samples were taken monthly and separated in different fractions (leaves, twigs, catkins, acorns and miscellaneous), then leaves nutrients were analyzed. Simultaneously, we analyzed the nutrient content of living leaves from the same trees in each season during 1 year. The analyzed nutrients were C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, S, Cu, Zn and Mo. Annual patterns of each nutrient in fallen leaves were characterized and compared with seasonal values of these nutrients in living leaves. Leaves fall has two annual maximum, first and most important in spring around April coinciding with renewal of foliar cover and second around October. Main concentration patterns of N, P and K are related with phenological patterns, in consequence minimum concentration in leaves fall were obtained in periods of growing and maximum litterfall. Concentrations of Ca, Fe and Mn increase with the age of the leaves and maximum concentrations were obtained before periods of maximum litterfall while concentrations of Cu, Mo and Mg stay stable. Seasonal analysis of nutrients in living leaves collected from the same trees in four different periods of the year allowed to corroborate the patterns of leaves fall and the probable osmotic function of K.     

Nutritional Augmentation of Jeffrey Pine Saplings on a Harsh Sierran Site

Broadcast fertilization with an array of amendments was examined for its capacity to reinvigorate growth and enhance nutrition of a 12-yr-old Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) plantation growing on an acidic Sierra Nevada surface mine site. Selected amendments consisted of Viking Brand 21-7-14, Free Flow 29-3-4, High N 22-4-6 + Minors, and Milorganite 6-2-0 + Iron—formulations that differed substantially in critical characteristics including N sources and the duration of release, and each was administered using three rates of application. All formulations stimulated sapling growth during some stage of the study, especially when applied at the highest rates, but the Free Flow amendment, which features urea as the predominant N source, the High N formulation, which is a controlled release fertilizer, and Milorganite, an organic amendment based on municipal biosolids, sustained growth enhancement longer than the Viking amendment, which relies exclusively upon ammoniacal and nitrate N forms and lacks any provision for metering nutrient release. As indicated by foliar analysis, increased availability and uptake of N probably accounted for most of the added growth induced by fertilization, although improved P nutrition likely contributed as well. However, in addition to the N and P responses, fertilized saplings were frequently lower in Mn, B, and Al—all of which may be phytotoxic at elevated concentrations. Further support for the possible linkages between foliar concentrations noted above and sapling growth responses were provided by the concentrations of these elements in the mine soil, which was low in N and P but high in Mn, B, and Al. This study reports approaches to nutritional augmentation on degraded sites suitable for use during the sapling stage of tree development.     

Nitrogen absorption,translocation and distribution from urea applied in autumn to leaves of young potted apple (Malus domestica) trees

We studied the absorption, assimilation, translocation and distribution of nitrogen (N) from urea applied in autumn to leaves of 1-year-old potted Fuji/M26 apple (Malus domestica Borkh) trees. In early October, all leaves of each tree were painted with either 3% urea (enriched to 10 atom % with 15N) or water (control trees). Four trees were harvested before the treatment and N and amino acid contents were determined. Four trees from each treatment were harvested at 2, 4, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after urea or water application. Total N, amino acids and 15N in leaves, bark, xylem, shank and roots were analyzed to determine uptake and mobilization of N from urea. Most uptake of 15N by leaves occurred during the first 2 days following application of urea. The mean rate of absorption during these 2 days was 0.29 g m-2 day-1. Amino acids in leaves, bark and roots increased significantly after urea application compared with control values. The highest concentrations of amino acids in leaves and bark occurred 4 days after application, whereas the highest concentrations of amino acids in roots occurred 10 days after application. Total 15N content in leaves peaked 2 days after urea application and then decreased, whereas 15N content in roots and bark increased throughout the experiment. Total 15N content in xylem and shank was low. Leaves absorbed 35% of the 15N applied as urea, and 63.6% of absorbed 15N was translocated out of leaves within 20 days after urea application. We conclude that N from urea was converted to amino acids in leaves after foliar application in autumn, and roots and bark were the main sinks of N from urea applied to leaves.     

Uptake of Macro- and Micro-Nutrients into Leaf,Woody, and Root Tissue of Populus after Irrigation with Landfill Leachate

ABSTRACT

Information about macro- and micro-nutrient uptake and distribution into tissues of Populus irrigated with landfill leachate helps to maximize biomass production and understand impacts of leachate chemistry on tree health. We irrigated eight Populus clones (NC 13460, NCI4O18, NC14104, NC14106, DM115, DN5, NM2, NM6) with fertilized (N, P, K) well water(control) or municipal solid waste landfill leachate weekly during 2005 and 2006 in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA. During Aug. 2006, we tested for differences in total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Cu, Al, and Pb concentration in preplanting and harvest soils; and in leaf, woody (stems?+?branches), and root tissue. Other than N, leachate did not increase the soil concentration of elements relative to preplanting levels. There was broad genotypic variation for tissue concentrations, with clone-specific uptake for most elements. Nitrogen, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, and Mn concentrations were greatest in leaves and least in woody tissue, while those of Fe, Cu, and Al were greatest in roots and least in leaves and woody tissue. Overall, successful uptake of nutrients without impacts to tree health validated the use of landfill leachate as an irrigation and fertilization source for Populus.     

Temporal variation in nutrient concentrations of Pinus sylvestris needles

Temporal variation in nutrient concentrations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles was studied during a three‐year period in three stands of differing stages of development. Concentrations of N, P and K varied significantly between years; this variation was related to differences in needle dry weight. Concentrations of all measured nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, B) and Al varied between seasons; this variation was related to nutrient mobility and the annual physiological cycle. Concentrations of the mobile nutrients N, P and K decreased in spring and early summer during shoot and needle elongation and increased in late summer and autumn during needle senescence and litterfall. Concentrations of Mg, Cu, Zn and B followed somewhat similar patterns. The poorly mobile nutrients Ca, Mn and Fe accumulated gradually in needles during each growing season. Needle nutrient concentrations were stable during the nonactive period.