On Green Lighting Planning and Design of the City

The energy-conserving environmental protection and the culture characteristic protection are two themes to the sustainable development of modern city,and the green lighting project is an important condition to ensure sustainable development of the city.But now,in some lighting projects the energy consumption and economy power capability were ignored;some design tactics are identical and in the green lighting projects the whole lighting of the city was not considered,which cause the crisis of losing the city characteristic.This paper proposes the green view of city lighting planning,and points out that the energy conservation,environmental protection,economic feasibility and culture characteristic must be considered synthetically in the city green lighting planning and design to guarantee sustainable development of the city.     

畜牧业发展与低碳经济

低碳经济指的是在发展中排放最少的温室气体,同时获得整个社会最大的产出经济,它是以低能耗、低排放、低污染为基础的经济模式。低碳经济既是经济问题,又是环境问题,也是社会问题。本文就我国畜牧业的发展面临养殖业环境污染和粮食安全两大难题进行了深入剖析,指出我国畜牧养殖业必须走低碳经济之路,应通过畜禽污染废弃物的资源化利用和营养调控措施,实现节能减排;合理利用农工业废弃物资源,包括合理利用秸秆、粮油食品工业等废弃物资源,实现节粮生产,并以循环经济理念指导,大力发展循环养殖模式,实现我国畜牧业的可持续发展。同时针对当前我国畜牧业实现向低碳经济型转型存在的诸多问题,提出了应突破观念创新、科技创新和管理创新,推进低碳经济发展。     

Import–export nexus and China's emerging trade in environmental goods

International trade in environmental goods (EG) provides a market-based solution to balance the development–environment relationship. How can developing economies gain new growth opportunities through trade liberalisation in the EGs? This study investigates the structural features of products and firms during the early development of China's EG trade. This study defines the import–export nexus as the product relatedness between imports and exports at the firm level, which may promote the technology spill overs and firm cooperation. This study combines two nationwide data sets and constructs a data panel covering 334 prefectures and 248 EGs during 2001–2012. The conditional logit model with fixed effects is used for coefficient estimation. Empirical results reveal that the import–export nexus promotes new EGs in domestic sectors and export baskets, primarily supported by domestic private firms. The import–export nexus allows state-owned firms, which only represent a small market share, to enrich export baskets. It also helps foreign firms to develop new EGs in domestic sectors. These findings suggest revisiting the role of state-owned firms in industrial policy and developing a broad list of EGs to make use of the product relatedness. These will make developing economies like China gain new growth opportunities from the EG trade.     

生态环保型效益经济的特征与内涵

在新世纪,生态经济已成为国际经济发展的主流,成为中国各省、市、区经济建设的发展方向。用绿色意识重新审视传统的经济发展模式,从根本上转变资源依赖型的产业结构和粗放型的经济增长方式,是新一轮经济发展的客观要求。吉林省提出生态环保型效益经济的全新发展模式,以发展生态环保型效益经济为中心进行生态省建设,走一条具有鲜明区域经济特色的可持续发展道路,是历史发展的必然选择     

Researching ‘sustainable consumption’ in Asia‐Pacific cities

Abstract: Asia‐Pacific cities are experiencing substantial environmental problems, which require innovative policy approaches. One newly emergent policy strand is that of ‘sustainable consumption’. This approach aims to reduce environmental degradation by encouraging all consumers to adopt more environmentally friendly modes of behaviour, especially those living in congested and environmentally degraded urban areas. Although a promising initiative, significant conceptual and practical problems exist with sustainable consumption's current policy framework. However, rather than abandon the idea completely, consumption should become central to researching environmental issues in Asia‐Pacific cities. Here, a ‘political ecology’ approach frames all forms of consumption as revealing political, economic and cultural practices and modes of distributions that give rise to current unsustainable outcomes. Through in‐depth examinations of current forms of consumption, this approach aims to offer a challenging perspective for future research into Asia‐Pacific urban environmental problems.     

湖南省农业废弃物就地肥料化利用技术模式研究与应用

针对湖南农业大省,农业废弃物种类多,量大面广的问题,本研究根据不同种类的农业废弃物资源与有机肥产品特点设计了5种处理利用模式：（1）鸡粪+秸秆制成有机肥用于果蔬茶;（2）牛粪+烟末制作有机肥用于粮食与经济作物;（3）蘑菇渣等废弃物制作有机肥;（4）尾菜+饼粕制作有机肥用于蔬菜基地;（5）鸡粪+返料制作有机肥用于经济作物。研究结果表明：上述农业废弃物处理技术模式具有明显的优势：降低废弃物消纳和企业生产的时空成本,避免二次污染,获得了更多的有机肥料资源。这些技术模式可复制、可推广,为不同地区、不同种类废弃物、不同规模企业提供了借鉴,解决了农业污染物就地处理的技术难题,对环境保护和农业可持续发展具有积极意义。     

Towards the Spatial Patterns of Sectoral Adjustments to Trade Liberalisation: The Case of NAFTA in Mexico

ABSTRACT A recent string of “new economic geography” (NEG) models has set focus on the impacts of trade liberalisation on the intra‐national distribution of economic activity. What the existing contributions have in common is a basic two‐sector assumption (agriculture/manufacturing) and a resulting focus on the question of whether liberalisation leads to a greater concentration of aggregate manufacturing activity. Reconsidering these models from a multi‐sectoral perspective, the aim is to allow for sectoral differences in the spatial adjustments to liberalisation. This introduces a conceptual nexus between comparative advantage (CA)‐type sectoral recomposition effects of trade and NEG‐type spatial adjustments. In the analysis of Mexican manufacturing location 1993–2003, incipient empirical evidence is found in favour of the hypothesis that sectors characterised by a revealed comparative advantage and/or cross‐border intermediate supplies grow faster in regions with good foreign market access, whereas import competing ones gain in relative terms in regions with higher “natural protection” from poor market access. The relevancy of the proposed NEG/CA framework concerns both efficiency and equity objectives of trade adjustment policies, and opens a new perspective on the long‐run effects of trade on spatial inequality.     

Explaining urban governance in the midst of political transformation: The city of Macao

This paper takes a close look at the urban governance and political culture of Macao, the world largest casino city. Macao has experienced spectacular economic growth since gaming liberalisation in 2002 and China's Free Individual Travel scheme launched in 2003. However, the booming gaming sector has crowded out other sectors of Macao. It has not only made the city's economy mono‐structured and consequently extremely vulnerable to external shocks and fluctuations but also induced serious social divisions and political controversies within the local community. By tracing the root cause of the ongoing dilemma and crisis in the mode of governance, the dynamic relationships between formal and informal institutions, consensus politics and the social group culture are intensively discussed in a historical context. In fact, the sustainable development of the former Portuguese colony has largely been hindered by its residents' passive attitudes toward political communication, non‐transparent urban governance, the absence of a middle class and the dominance of pro‐establishment social groups.     

中国草莓生产贸易形势与可持续发展对策分析

世界范围内频繁的草莓贸易和成功加入世贸组织为中国草莓产业发展提供了新的机遇。在对中国草莓生产现状和贸易形势的分析的基础上,提出通过中国草莓优势特色产区建设,发展绿色无公害草莓生产;培育强大的草莓加工业和高效流通渠道,实现产业化经营以及加快生产经营主体培育等策略的实施,保证中国草莓产业走可持续发展之路。     

China's compliance in global environmental affairs

Abstract: As the most populous country on earth with 10 per cent of its rare species of flora and fauna, China's environmental practice is of great importance. Already the country is one of the most polluted places in the world. At least seven out of the ten of the world's most polluted cities are located in China. It is the second largest producer of greenhouse gases after the United States, inflicting heavy, long‐term casualties on its own public health and economic development as well as on those of its close neighbours in the Asia‐Pacific region. How to strike a proper balance between environmental protection and fast economic growth will have an important impact on China's modernisation outcome and its international standing. The country began to pay serious attention to environment problems in the 1970s. Since the adoption of the reform and opening‐up policy in the late 1970s, it has signed or ratified many international treaties dealing with environmental issues. By now, it has entered into most international environmental regimes. But how compliant is China with respect to commitments made to these regimes? How willing and capable is it in complying with international environmental norms and rules? What does sustainable development mean to China? How do red tape, fear, inexperience, and ignorance affect China's efforts to protect its environment? And how do inter‐ministerial wrangling and the growth of green NGOs within China affect its compliance? This paper tries to answer these questions.     

Foreign Affairs

New Zealand's external orientations during the 1990s expanded under conditions of enhanced globalisation and interdependence. Increased external activity heightened the necessity for independent assessment, strong global citizenship credentials, and active multilateralism. This served trade diversification, consolidated the anti‐nuclear policy, and helped to support international law, human rights, and environmental policy objectives. Commonwealth and United Nations membership was utilised to advance these objectives. Relations with Australia attained added institutionalisation, but efforts to forge closer relations with Asia delivered results subject to global economic vicissitudes and reluctance by the United States and Japan to commit to multilateral problem solving. Relations with the South Pacific encountered growing governance, resource management and equity challenges, although New Zealand contributed significantly towards a resolution of a decade of conflict on Bougainville. The public dimension of New Zealand's foreign relations expanded as officials developed increasingly diverse routines of dialogue with local non‐governmental interests.     

Culture and the commodification of water in Samoa

While ‘solutions’ to challenges of water supply in the Pacific may seem obvious to hydrologists, engineers and planners, their implementation may not be straightforward. Water is embedded in cultural, religious and political contexts, and what seems obvious to planners may seem neither obvious, nor acceptable, to citizens. However, these contexts change continuously, and opportunities arise for changes in narratives around ownership, supply and management of water. Citizens' beliefs about the state's ‘rights’ will vary with societal context, and will shape the ways in which ownership and management of water is worked out in specific locations. This paper outlines thinking and discourses around ownership and management of fresh water in Samoa, and the constraints which culture has imposed on water supply over time. Water discourses have shifted from questions about ownership of specific sources to general discussions about conservation and management of natural resources. This shift has resulted, in part, from the ways in which government has managed the process and, in part, from growing public awareness of water within the larger environmental context. The paper focuses on Samoan material, but some of the generic issues have wider significance in the Pacific because similar variables combine in similar ways.     

Green Strategy in China

Environmental protection has been a basic national policy since the 1980s. The State Environmental Protection Committee was established in 1984 and the first Environmental Protection Law formally issued in 1989. After     

Southeast Asia's transboundary haze pollution: Unravelling the inconvenient truth

This paper examines the political intricacies inherent in the management of Southeast Asia's transboundary haze pollution. It argues for a scalar perspective in understanding the complexities of the haze problem. The so‐called ‘inconvenient truth’ is unravelled by teasing out some issues in the national and regional political ecologies, and the challenges of synchronising co‐operation at the national, regional and global scales. Discussion shows that the ‘environment’ takes on different meanings at each scale, and both Indonesia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) need to recognise this in order to engage more effectively with the transboundary environmental issue. Specifically, inadequate management of forest resources in Indonesia, ASEAN's principle of ‘non‐interference’ and a lack of a holistic ecosystem perspective are amongst some of the interconnected issues addressed. The paper calls for a greater awareness of structural weaknesses in the management of forest resources and a change in ASEAN's environmental paradigm to a more holistic ecosystem perspective that prioritises not just environmental and human health, but also a healthy and sustainable ecosystem.     

Research on Measurement and Report of Environmental Accounting

In this paper, the problems of bringing natural resources and environmental condition into accounting are discussed and lay emphasis on object measurement, imaging and disclosure in accounting report of environmental accounting. The author suggests that the environmental accounting is the necessary production of global economy for sustainable development in modern society; it is also a new ecological accounting subject formed by the result of environmental economies and accounting penetrating into each other. As a contribution of accounting circles to sustainable development, environmental accounting has become a hot topic in recent years.     

Development on the periphery: A case study of the sub‐national island jurisdiction of Pitcairn Island

This research reports on empirical findings of remote Pitcairn Island, the last remaining British Overseas Territory in the Pacific. It uses a qualitative methodology to discuss the island's potential for tourism development while recognising the issues and challenges faced by many small island developing states. However, as a sub‐national island jurisdiction Pitcairn presents a number of issues unique to its temporal socio‐political development and its centre periphery relationship with the metropole. The concept ‘decolonising without disengaging’ is posited to argue sub‐national island jurisdictions are places/spaces of innovative, creative and differentiated development processes that offer interesting departures from the conventional realms of sustainable discourse and island development. This concept is posited as a strategy of empowerment whereby autonomy without sovereignty does not necessarily hinder the development of tourism industries.     

花椒废弃物功能化利用研究进展

花椒种植、采收与加工过程会产生大量废弃物,但通常被直接丢弃或焚烧,造成环境污染与资源浪费问题。围绕花椒废弃物功能性成分开发相应产品对提高花椒产业附加值,促进产业健康持续发展具有重要意义。文章梳理了花椒籽、花椒渣、花椒籽粕、花椒枝叶与花椒根等废弃物所含功能性成分,围绕花椒废弃物抑菌抗炎、抗肿瘤、杀虫、抗氧化与抗血小板聚集等药理活性进行了综述。并对花椒废弃物在高吸附活性炭、医疗功能材料、环保型涂料、皮革加脂剂与功能性助剂等功能性材料方面的应用研究进行了介绍。最后,围绕花椒废弃物功能性成分及功能化利用研究现状,展望了花椒废弃物利用的新方向。     

An economic analysis of urban infrastructure development project in the northern Indian city of Bharatpur

Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program involved investment in water supply, sewerage, sanitation, and drainage, solid waste management (SWM), and etc. in major cities in the state of Rajasthan in India. This program was an initiative of the Government of Rajasthan and the Government of India carried out with a loan arrangement from Asian Development Bank. The phase II of the program was implemented in 15 cities of Rajasthan including Bharatpur with total investment of 1868.40 million Indian Rupees. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the economic viability of the infrastructure investments in Bharatpur in water supply, sewerage, sanitation, and drainage, SWM, and measure the impact on urban poor. Water supply, sewerage, sanitation, and drainage, and SWM subprojects are economically viable with internal rate of return (IRR) of 85.72%, 22.87%, and 39.34%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis shows above 12% IRR for all the above‐mentioned subprojects. The distribution of project benefits to the urban poor in Bharatpur is significant with poverty impact ratio of 9%.     

Study on Gross Control and Comprehensive Treatment of Urban River according to Fu River in Mianyang District, Sichuan

To provide quantificational instruments of river environmental management and Gross Control Layout of the urban river,in this paper,the water quality actuality was appraised by the standard exponent means,the functional water areas were divided,and the water quality coupling models were established in subsection.Then the water environmental capacity was calculated using VC .Finally,the value of water environmental model was constituted and its capacity was approached.The quantificational gist of the water resource everlasting exploitation and society economy sustainable development in urban river region is provided.