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弧结毛瓢虫(Scymnussinuanodulus)是近年研究发现的一个新种,其取食量的研究未见报导。弧结毛瓢虫属瓢虫科小毛瓢虫属的小型瓢虫,主要取食铁杉球蚜,是控制铁杉球蚜的重要天敌。为了获取弧结毛瓢虫取食铁杉球蚜的生物学资料,1997年7月在宝兴... 相似文献
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研究了团聚丽瓢虫Adalia conglomerate的形态特征、生物学特性以及对铁杉球蚜的捕食效应。试验结果表明,团聚丽瓢虫1a发生1代,以成虫越冬。团聚丽瓢虫卵期、1、2、3、4龄、预蛹和蛹的发育历期平均分别是10d~15d,5d~11d,7d~11d,7d~11d,8d~16d,20d~30d,15d~18d。团聚丽瓢虫成虫和3龄幼虫可捕食所有龄期的铁杉球蚜,尤其喜欢捕食卵。捕食能力随着自身龄期增大而增大,成虫日最大捕食量最大,为344.8头。团聚丽瓢虫成虫和幼虫对铁杉球蚜卵的捕食效应均符合HollingⅡ型模型。成虫对铁杉球蚜的寻找效应用Hassel&Varley模型进行模拟,模型为E=0.4517P^0.5568,r^2=0.9859,表明随着猎物密度的增加,个体间的干扰越强,表现出对铁杉球蚜的捕食作用减小。 相似文献
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文章首次报道了四川大渡河流域的铁杉林瓢虫科种类、数量及发生时间.在3个地点的铁杉林中,共采集到瓢虫48种.对斑小瓢虫Scymnus geminus、华山松小瓢虫S.huashansong、马蹄毛瓢虫S.lycotropus、宁陕毛瓢虫S.ningshanensis为首次在四川报道.3月到11月均可采集到瓢虫成虫,以5月(22种)、6月(25种)和7月(24种)为最多.幼虫出现主要集中在5月.羊厂沟铁杉林是以阔叶为主的针阔混交林,其瓢虫的物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数均远远高于泥巴沟和驷马桥.泥巴沟和驷马桥同属于针叶树占优势的针阔混交林,林内瓢虫科物种丰富度指数较低,但种类优势度高.三地瓢虫组成相似性均处于较低水平. 相似文献
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研究表明在宝兴林区铁杉球蚜一年 2 代,每代 5 龄,以 2 代 2 龄若蚜在当年枝梢或干皮上越冬,翌年2 月开始活动,4 月初产卵。第1 代卵孵化盛期在5 月上旬至中旬,第2 代孵化盛期在 6 月中旬至下旬。成虫产卵量越冬代为519 粒,第 1 代为 94 粒。第1 代是铁杉球蚜的主要增殖期和最佳防治期。防治对策是发挥森林生态系统的自控力和利用天敌昆虫控灾,而不宜使用化学农药。 相似文献
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2020年的野外考察中,于山东省采集到小丸甲科(Nosodendridae)的甲虫,该科未曾在山东有记录,因此对其进行鉴定与描述。对其成虫进行解剖后根据其形态学特征进行鉴定,并在野外观察其生活状态。经鉴定该种为台湾小丸甲(Nosodendron taiwanense Yoshitomi, Kishimoto&Lee, 2015),这是本种首次记录于中国大陆地区,同时也是小丸甲科在山东省的首次记录。本文对该种进行了重新描述,并且对其生态与行为学信息进行了补充。 相似文献
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异色瓢虫对紫薇长斑蚜捕食及控制作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对紫薇长斑蚜Tinocallis kahawaluokalani的捕食能力,通过室内试验测定异色瓢虫成虫对紫薇长斑蚜的捕食功能。结果表明:异色瓢虫成虫对紫薇长斑蚜的捕食功能符合HollingⅡ反应模型,方程式为Na=0.987 5N/(1+0.005 43N),瞬时攻击率为0.987 5,处置时间为0.005 5 d;通过Hassell和Valley干扰模型拟合,得到捕食作用率E与猎物密度P的关系为E=0.542P-0.809,捕食常数为0.542,干扰系数为0.809;通过对Holling反应新模型进行拟合,方程式为Na=127.99exp(-61.55/N),最佳寻找密度为61.55头。田间试验表明释放异色瓢虫成虫能有效控制紫薇长斑蚜密度,其中瓢蚜比1:20和1:10的防治效果基本相同,而1:40的防治效果在短期内(7 d)不如1:20和1:10,但长期(28 d)防效趋于一致。从经济学和生态学的角度综合考虑。 相似文献
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龟纹瓢虫对枸杞蚜的捕食作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
龟纹瓢虫是田间捕食枸杞蚜的天敌优势种之一.在室内对龟纹瓢虫对枸杞蚜的捕食作用进行了定量研究.结果表明,龟纹瓢虫成虫对枸杞蚜若蚜的捕食功能反应符合Holling II型反应模型,拟合的圆盘方程为Na=0.716N/(1 0.0159N),其寻找效应随着枸杞蚜若蚜密度的增加而降低.龟纹瓢虫成虫对自身密度的功能反应用Watt模型拟合为A=84.244P-0.4346,其捕食作用率与个体间相互干扰作用的关系用Hassell-Varley干扰反应模型拟合为E=0.9085P-0.3326. 相似文献
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天牛成虫胸部的发音和行为(鞘翅目:天牛科) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文研究了15种天牛成虫的发音及其有关的行为。天牛两性对外界不同强度的刺激能作出反应,并借助胸部发音器的摩擦而发音。波形照片显示:天牛的声波信号因种不同差异极大,其频率范围约3000—10000Hz。楝星天牛可借助鞘翅的运动而发出强烈的声音以恐吓敌害,其胸部摩擦发音器则趋于退化。某些天牛雄虫在争夺雌虫、交配前和交配中,可发出不同的声波,这类声波的生物学意义尚待进一步研究。 相似文献
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报道了辽宁省个木虱科四新种:南蛇藤个木虱,Triozacelastrae,鼠李个木虱T.rhamnisuga,糠椴线角木虱Eubactericeratiliae,曲茎线角木虱Eu.curvata。 相似文献
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萧氏松茎象—新种记述:鞘翅目;象虫科 总被引:43,自引:1,他引:43
本文记述采自我国江西省吉安县的象虫科昆虫一新种萧氏松茎象Hylobitelusxiaoi,该种昆虫严重为害湿地松(PinuselliottiiEngelm)。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。 相似文献
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Great Smoky Mountains National Park is using systemic imidacloprid to treat eastern hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) infested with the exotic insect, hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand). This study investigated effects of these treatments on insectivorous birds and hemlock canopy arthropod assemblages in the context of food availability for insectivorous birds. Six pairs of treated and untreated hemlock sites were studied in 2007. Territories of three hemlock-associated Neotropical migratory foliage-gleaning bird species were mapped in these six sites, and relationships between bird territory density and hemlock foliar density were examined. Canopy arthropods were sampled by clipping mid-canopy hemlock branches in each paired site. Arthropods were identified to order or suborder and categorized into bird prey guilds and non-target herbivorous insect guilds. Despite being treated within the previous two years, there were no differences in hemlock woolly adelgid infestation between treated and untreated sites. This may reflect recovery or because the imidacloprid is slow-acting. Bird densities also did not differ between treated and untreated sites but were positively related to branch foliage mass, implying a preference in these birds for well-foliated hemlocks. A total of 10,219 hemlock woolly adelgids, and a total of 906 other arthropods from 16 orders were collected. There were no differences in species richness, abundance, or species composition between treated and untreated sites for total arthropods, or for immature arthropods ≥ 3 mm. In contrast, non-target herbivorous Hemiptera and larval Lepidoptera were significantly reduced in treated hemlocks. Although larval Lepidoptera are primary prey for insectivorous foliage-gleaning birds, the similarity in bird densities between treated and untreated sites suggests the birds are able to find other food resources in the mixed hemlock-deciduous stands where the study sites were located. Therefore, controlling hemlock woolly adelgid-induced defoliation through use of imidacloprid may have short-term benefits for hemlock-associated birds. While imidacloprid treatments did not appear to be currently affecting most arthropods, primary prey guilds should be monitored for long-term declines that could impact hemlock-associated birds. 相似文献
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华山松球蚜生物学特性的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
华山松球蚜 (PineusarmandicolaZhang)是华山松 (PinusarmandiFranch)的重要食叶性害虫。本文以云南省昆明市东川区 2 2 2林场为研究试验点 ,对华山松球蚜的生物学特性进行了系统观察研究 ,首次发现了华山松球蚜的第一寄主丽江云杉 (Picealikiangensis (Franch .)E .Pritz .)和其有性世代。华山松球蚜有完整的生活周期即有有性世代 (以前研究者所观察到的华山松球蚜仅有无性世代 ) ,它在两种寄主华山松和丽江云杉上完成一个完整的生活周期。在有丽江云杉的情况下 ,华山松球蚜以伪干母产的一部份卵孵化的具翅性母飞到丽江云杉上 ,产生有性蚜。有性蚜两性生殖产卵孵化为干母 ,以 2~ 3龄若虫在丽江云杉叶鞘中越冬。干母产卵孵化的若虫在丽江云杉上取食形成虫瘿 ,并产生瘿蚜。虫瘿破裂后具翅瘿蚜又飞到华山松上产卵 ,产生伪干母 ,伪干母 2龄若虫在华山松叶鞘和树皮缝中越冬 ,完成完整的生活周期 ;在没有丽江云杉的情况下 ,华山松球蚜以伪干母产的另一部份卵孵化为留守型侨蚜在华山松上以孤雌生殖方式不断循环完成部分生活史 ,每年最多发生 6代 ,且世代重叠 相似文献
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本文描述了我国为害樟属的个木虱四个新种:Trioza pseudocinnamomi、T.nigricamphorae、T.camphoricda、T.magnicomphorae,并对种类及分布进行了研究。 相似文献
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叶蝉科四新种(同翅目:叶蝉总科) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文记述采自我国西北地区以及土库曼斯坦叶蝉科昆虫4新种:葛氏片角叶蝉IdioceruskuohiCai,新疆环茎叶蝉CirculiferxinjiangensisCai,柽柳大片叶蝉MegalopsiustamariciusCai,褐尾柽柳叶蝉TamaricelafusculaCai,该4新种分别采自柽柳属植物、沙枣和盐生草上,它们以刺吸汁液的方式为害以上植物。模式标本保存在安徽农业大学昆虫标本室。 相似文献
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中国葛藤叶蝉名录及新种、新记录描述(同翅目:叶蝉科) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文系统报道我国葛藤上的叶蝉种类,共有11亚科40属50种,其中含3新种、1中国新记录属、5中国新记录种,建立1新组合种,并对折板叶蝉属Paradaevicephalus Ishilhara的属征进行了厘订。新种模式标本保存在安徽农业大学昆虫标本室。 相似文献
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Leigh A. Siderhurst Heather P. Griscom Mark Hudy Zachary J. Bortolot 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
The exotic invasive insect, hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), is causing mortality in eastern hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) throughout the eastern U.S. Because hemlocks produce dense shade, and are being replaced by hardwood species that produce less shade, their loss may increase understory light levels. In the southern Appalachians, increases in light could increase stream temperatures, threatening species such as brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). We studied changes in light and stream temperature with eastern hemlock decline at a headwater southern Appalachian brook trout stream. Our results indicate that stream light levels have increased significantly with adelgid infestation. Leaf-on light levels are currently significantly higher (P < 0.02) in plots containing high basal areas of hemlock (mean global site factor (GSF)(SE) = 0.267(0.01)) compared with plots containing no hemlock (mean GSF(SE) = 0.261(0.01)), suggesting that increases in light have occurred with hemlock decline. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a remotely sensed metric of vegetation density, decreased with hemlock decline from 2001 to 2008. In 2001, NDVI showed no relationship (R2 = 0.003; F = 0.14; P = 0.71) with hemlock basal area, but by 2008, there was a significant negative relationship (R2 = 0.352; F = 19.55; P < 0.001) between NDVI and hemlock basal area. A gap experiment showed that light levels may increase by up to 64.7% more (mean increase in GSF = 27.5%) as hemlocks fall, creating gaps in the canopy. However, stream temperatures did not increase with hemlock decline during the study period, and we found that ground water inputs have a stronger influence on water temperature than light levels at this site. Linear regression showed a significant negative relationship between water temperature and proximity to ground water sources (R2 = 0.451; F = 13.14; P = 0.002), but no relationship between water temperature and light levels (R2 < 0.02; P > 0.05). In addition, by comparing light levels between plots containing hemlock and those containing only hardwoods, we found that if hemlocks are replaced by hardwoods, light levels under an all-hardwood canopy (mean GSF(SE) = 0.240(0.005)) are unlikely to be higher than they are under the current forest (mean GSF(SE) = 0.254(0.007)). These results suggest that loss of hemlock along southern Appalachian headwater streams could have short-term impacts on light levels, but that long-term changes in light levels, increases in water temperature, and adverse effects on brook trout may be unlikely. 相似文献
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寄生于美国白蛾的黑棒啮小蜂中国二新种(膜翅目:姬小蜂科) 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
报道和记述了在中国发现的寄生于美国白蛾的姬小蜂科啮小蜂属黑棒啮小蜂种团(Tetrastichus howardi species group)的2个新种:山东白蛾啮小蜂Tetrastichus shandongensis Yang,白蛾黑基啮小蜂T.nigricoxae Yang。这2种啮小蜂均群集内寄生于美国白蛾蛹中,每寄主蛹平均出蜂分别为77头和124头,平均寄生率分别为6.2%和9.8%,在生物防治上具有良好的利用前景。文末列出了啮小蜂属黑棒啮小蜂种团中国已知3个种的检索表。新种的模式标本保存于中国林业科学研究院昆虫标本馆。 相似文献
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童锤角叶蜂属一新种(膜翅目:锤角叶蜂科) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
记述了采自甘肃天水市膜翅目Hymenoptera锤角叶蜂科Cimbicidae童锤角叶蜂属Agenocimbex RohWer的一个新种-榆童锤角叶蜂A.elmina sp.nov.。 相似文献