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<正> 虾在幼龄期和生长期摄食缓慢,而且在水底摄食。因此,大多数饲料加工者设计的饲料均为能够在水中下沉,并且能够完整地保持一定的时间。这类饲料可以通过制粒和挤压膨化两种设备加工而成。不过,最近挤压膨化工艺的发展表明,对于配方的适应性、颗粒质量、水质和经济效益,该加工工艺均有很多优越之处。经挤压膨化的水产动物饲料,其典型的颗粒直径范围是1.5~10毫米,而虾饲料的颗粒直径通常是4毫米或更小。在虾饲料的生产中,挤压膨化之后的操作管理是一道重要但却常被忽视的工序。挤压膨化之后的干燥、用微量元素或脂肪包衣以及冷却,对最终产品的质量都有一定的影响。虾饲料的挤压膨化加工工艺与传统制粒加工工艺的对比如图1、图2。 相似文献
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随着我国饲料工业的发展,饲料膨化技术已越来越为饲料行业所重视。利用膨化技术不仅能对某些饲料原料进行预处理,达到灭菌、消毒、破除抗营养因子,提高饲料饲效,降低饲养成本,尤对水产养殖、禽、幼畜及宠物饲养更显优越性。就目前我国的饲料膨化技术应用来看,还仅处于起步,饲料加工的膨化工艺大多仅限在工艺流程中配置单套膨化机,对饲料膨化后的配套工艺与设备尚缺乏全面认识。为此,本文结合国外饲料膨化的先进经验就饲料膨化工艺与设备作一浅谈。1饲料膨化简述1.1饲料膨化的基本原理饲料膨化是将经过去杂、粉碎等预处理后经加… 相似文献
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带式干燥机在水产饲料干燥工艺中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,我国的水产挤压膨化饲料与宠物饲料的市场得到了迅猛的发展,与之配套的挤压机及干燥机技术也持续不断地得到改进和发展。在水产饲料干燥工艺中,干燥机作为最重要的辅助设备,干燥效果的好坏直接影响着产品的最终品质。 相似文献
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生产加工工艺和设备是饲料企业进行生产的基础,是饲料生产线的重要组成要素。目前,国内饲料企业的挤压膨化生产线普遍存在加工工艺设计不甚合理以及设备选型配套不当等问题。这些问题的存在可能造成生产 相似文献
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随着水产养殖业的迅速发展 ,以及人们日益重视环境保护问题 ,采用挤压加工工艺生产水产饲料被广泛运用 ,挤压膨化机成为新建或改造水产饲料厂的首选加工设备。在选择挤压膨化设备和设计挤压膨化工艺时应注意以下一些问题。1 产品的要求在选择挤压膨化设备和设计挤压膨化工艺时 ,首先要考虑产品的要求 ,包括 :1 )形状和尺寸要求 ;2 )密度要求 ;3)营养要求 ;4)水中稳定性要求 ;5)外观要求 ;6)用户的其他要求。2 原料的选择饲料配方的选择对成品的质量、营养成分、形态及经济性有决定性影响。原料的选择不仅要考虑到营养要求 ,也要考虑其加工… 相似文献
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挤压膨化与后添加技术在饲料工业中的应用(3) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
5乳猪料的挤压膨化工艺传统的膨化机为挤压机,是利用挤压腔内的高温、高压和高剪切的作用使被处理物料在理化性质、质构上发生变化。由于它的挤压条件强烈、产量小、能耗高,目前饲料行业仅用于原料处理(如全脂大豆膨化、全脂米糠膨化、羽毛膨化等)、饼粕脱毒(如棉饼粕、菜籽粕及蓖麻粕脱毒等)、宠物饲料及水产饲料的生产,而无法应用推广到畜禽饲料的生产。另一方面,我国乳猪料是以玉米和豆粕为主,而乳猪的生理消化功能不健全,对植物蛋白利用率很差,特别是大豆或豆粕中致使乳猪下痢的真正抗营养因子betaglycimin和betaconglycimin,在普通加工… 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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