20%氨氯吡啶酸·二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂防除油菜田杂草的效果

为明确新型吡啶类和环己烯酮类除草剂复配制剂对油菜田杂草的防控效果,指导新型除草剂在油菜田的合理使用,通过田间试验研究了20%氨氯吡啶酸·二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂对油菜田主要杂草的防除效果,以及杂草防除后对田间光照和杂草氮、磷、钾及水分累积的影响。试验结果表明,施用20%氨氯吡啶酸·二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂防除油菜田杂草效果显著,对菵草、大巢菜、看麦娘、牛繁缕等单双子叶杂草均有良好防效,总草鲜重防效可达88. 7%～98. 0%,显著优于两种对照药剂。杂草防除后,显著降低了杂草对田间氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗,有效地改善了田间光照和水肥条件。20%氨氯吡啶酸·二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂处理的油菜产量达到2 626. 26～2 836. 26kg/hm^2,增产效果显著,产量较空白对照增加18. 2%～27. 9%,增收2 173. 5～3 307. 5元/hm^2。研究结果表明,20%氨氯吡啶酸·二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂在油菜田有良好的应用前景,推荐剂量为每公顷使用有效成分225～300g。     

20%氨氯·二氯·烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂防除油菜田杂草的效果

     为明确新型吡啶类和环己烯酮类除草剂复配制剂对油菜田杂草的防控效果，指导新型除草剂在油菜田的合理使用，通过田间试验研究了20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂对油菜田主要杂草的防除效果，以及杂草防除后对田间光照和杂草氮、磷、钾及水分累积的影响。试验结果表明，施用20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂防除油菜田杂草效果显著，对菵草、大巢菜、看麦娘、牛繁缕等单双子叶杂草均有良好防效，总草鲜重防效可达88.7%～98.0%，显著优于两种对照药剂。杂草防除后，显著降低了杂草对田间氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗，有效地改善了田间光照和水肥条件。20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂处理的油菜产量达到2 626.26～2 836.26 kg/hm2，增产效果显著，产量较空白对照增加18.2%～27.9%，增收2 173.5～3 307.5元/hm2。研究结果表明，20%氨氯吡啶酸?二氯吡啶酸?烯草酮可分散油悬浮剂在油菜田有良好的应用前景，推荐剂量为每公顷使用有效成分225～300g。     

氟磺·烯草酮油悬浮剂防除大豆田杂草试验

为了解氟磺·烯草酮油悬浮剂对大豆田杂草的除草效果及安全性进行了试验。结果表明:21%的氟磺·烯草酮油悬浮剂能有效防除大豆田的稗草、藜、苋、苍耳、苘麻,总防效为90.0%以上;在试验剂量范围内对大豆安全,且增产作用明显。     

几种防治早稻稻飞虱农药的田间效果对比试验

为了验证呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、吡蚜酮、哌虫啶、吡蚜·哌虫啶、吡蚜酮·醚菊酯等杀虫剂对水稻稻飞虱的防治效果,设置了对比试验。结果表明:25%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂、10%烯啶虫胺水剂、25%吡蚜酮悬浮剂、10%哌虫啶悬浮剂、30%吡蚜·哌虫啶悬浮剂、21%吡蚜酮·醚菊酯悬浮剂对水稻稻飞虱均有较好的防效。30%吡蚜·哌虫啶悬浮剂、21%吡蚜酮·醚菊酯悬浮剂、25%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂、10%烯啶虫胺水剂等4种药剂的持续防效最好,药后21 d防效都在95. 84%以上。     

不同农药对水稻制种田稻飞虱的防效试验

为筛选出高效、低毒、低残留的农药防治稻飞虱,设置了10%醚菊酯悬浮剂等4种不同药剂对第五代稻飞虱的防治效果试验,结果表明:10%醚菊酯悬浮剂100 ml/667m2、25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂50 g/667m2+80%敌敌畏乳油畏100 ml/667m2、25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂25 g/667m2对水稻稻飞虱均有较好的防效,可在生产上推广应用,建议不同药剂间轮换使用。     

25%双环磺草酮悬浮剂防除水稻移栽田一年生杂草药效试验

采用不同剂量对比试验,研究25%双环磺草酮悬浮剂对水稻移栽田一年生禾本科杂草(稗草)、阔叶杂草(慈姑、雨久花)、莎草科杂草(三棱草、水葱)的防除效果。结果表明:25%双环磺草酮悬浮剂用量以50～60 ml/667 m2为宜,于移栽后7 d水稻缓苗后稗草1.5叶前采用茎叶喷雾法均匀施药,可有效防除杂草,且对水稻生长无不良影响。     

乙虫腈悬浮剂防治稻飞虱田间药效试验

乙虫腈悬浮剂防治田间稻飞虱试验结果表明，施用100 g/L乙虫腈悬浮剂600、525 、450 g/hm2对稻飞虱的防治效果均极显著优于对照药剂25% 噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂，药后第1、3、7天的防效分别达90.25%、92.40%、90.65%。100 g/L乙虫腈悬浮剂高效、安全，是防治稻飞虱的理想药剂，可大面积推广应用。     

安顺市马铃薯晚疫病新药剂田间药效试验

马铃薯晚疫病是制约贵州省安顺市马铃薯产业发展的重要因素之一,每年使马铃薯减产20%～50%。为筛选出对马铃薯晚疫病防效较好的药剂,试验引进7种杀菌剂在田间进行药效试验,对其防治效果进行评价。结果表明,相对于清水对照,80%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂、10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂、250 g/L嘧菌酯悬乳剂和50%氟啶胺悬乳剂能够极显著降低马铃薯晚疫病发病程度;10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂能够极显著提高马铃薯产量,80%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂显著提高马铃薯产量。在马铃薯种植过程中,建议使用80%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂、10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂、250 g/L嘧菌酯悬乳剂和50%氟啶胺悬乳剂防治马铃薯晚疫病。     

40%咪铜·氟环唑悬浮剂防治水稻稻瘟病、纹枯病田间药效示范报告

对40%咪铜·氟环唑悬浮剂防治水稻稻瘟病、纹枯病药剂进行田间示范,验证其防治效果。结果表明:40%咪铜·氟环唑悬浮剂处理在示范剂量范围内对水稻安全,对水稻稻瘟病防效好,与对照药剂25%咪鲜胺乳油以及空白对照相比增产效果显著,可以在生产中推广使用。     

几种杀菌剂对马铃薯黑痣病的防效

马铃薯黑痣病（Rhizoctonia solani K＆#252;hn）在内蒙古发生普遍而又严重。2013年通过田间小区方法进行了4种杀菌剂防治试验。结果表明：24%满穗悬浮剂90 mL/667 m2、50%BAS70301F悬浮剂33.3 mL/667 m2、30%BAS7004F悬浮剂40 mL/667 m2和25%阿米西达悬浮剂60 mL/667 m2处理,防效分别为93.0%、90.4%、89.3%和86.6%,增产分别为17.5%、15.3%、13.1%和11.9%,均具有优良的防治效果。     

木醋液对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑制作用

通过在黑麦培养基中添加不同浓度的木醋液,研究木醋液对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,2%以上浓度的木醋液对菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用,而0.1%浓度的木醋液反而对菌丝生长和孢子囊的形成有促进作用,0.2%浓度的木醋液虽然对菌丝生长影响不显著,但对孢子囊的形成仍然有促进作用。     

Structure and performance of fibers prepared from liquefied wood in phenol

The fibers from liquefied wood in phenol (WPFs) were spun by adding hexamethylenetetramine as synthetics and cured by soaking in solution containing hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde as main components. The chemical structure of WPFs remarkably changed from that of liquefied wood was identified by FT-IR spectrometer. WPFs with the average diameter of 27∼42 μm, tensile strength of 230∼356 MPa, and modulus of 15∼31 GPa were obtained using spinning speed of 0.72 μm min⁻¹, hydrochloric acid concentration of 18.5 %, heating rate of 10 °C h⁻¹, and curing time of 4 h. These WPFs showed a high thermal stability and a complex thermal decomposition process by TG(thermogravimetric) analysis. It was also found that the two obvious weight loss temperatures of WPFs were 510°C and 748°C.     

Basic properties of grain by-products and their viability in polypropylene composites

The objective was to study the potential of grain by-products (husk) of grains such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L; German name is Weizen) and rice (Oryza sativa) as reinforcements for thermoplastics as an alternative to or in combination with wood fibres. Prior to composites preparation, the chemical components of fibres such as cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin, starch, protein and fat were measured and the surface chemistry and functionality of grain by-products were studied using EDX and FT-IR. Structural constituents (cellulose, starch) were found in wheat husk (W) equal 42%, in rice husk 50% and in soft wood 42%, respectively. Thermal degradation characteristics, the bulk density, water absorption and the solubility index were also investigated. Wheat husk (W) and rice husk were found thermally stable at temperatures as low as 178 °C and 208 °C, respectively. The particle morphology and particle size were investigated using microscopy. Water absorption properties of the fibres were studied to evaluate the viability of these fibres as reinforcements. Polypropylene composites were fabricated using a high speed mixer and an ensuing injection moulding process with 40 wt% fibre. The tensile and Charpy impact strength of the resulting composites were investigated. The tensile elongation at break was found to 75% for wheat husk (W) composites and 23% for rice husk composites better than soft wood composites. Rice husk composites showed 13% better Charpy impact strength than soft wood composites. Due to coupling agent, tensile strength of composites found to improve 25% for soft wood, 35% for wheat husk (W) and 45% for rice husk.     

The infection of potatoes byPhytophthora infestans during simulated washing and its control using a hot water treatment

Summary A single blighted tuber released on average 1.39 mg ofP. infestans mycelia and sporangia during simulated washing. In subsequent experiments up to 100% of tubers were infected when healthy tubers were washed in a suspension ofP. infestans equivalent to a concentration of 1.65 μg ml⁻¹, i.e. that calculated to be in a commercial washing plant after washing a potato stock with approximately 1% of tubers infected with blight for 4 hours. Immature tubers were more prone to infection during washing than mature tubers. Damaging tubers, irrespective of their maturity, increased the incidence of tuber infection. The viability ofP. infestans isolates was significantly reduced byin vitro immersion in water at 44°C for 5 minutes. The infection of daughter tubers dipped in a suspension ofP. infestans for 3 minutes was prevented when the suspension temperature was 44°C. There was no indication of tuber damage at this temperature.     

Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of waste cotton fibers for nanoparticles production using response surface methodology

A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of waste cotton fibers in order to obtain finest cellulose particles. The effect of three factors including hydrolysis time (h), substrate concentration (g/l) and enzyme loading (%) were investigated. The median size of the hydrolyzed particles was defined as the response function of the design. Results of BBD were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a quadratic polynomial equation was developed for predicting the particle size. According to the fitted model, the optimal conditions i.e. hydrolysis time, substrate concentration and enzyme loading were suggested as 175 h, 5 g/l and 2.3 %, respectively. The suspension prepared under optimum conditions was subjected to ultrasonic treatment, and the resulted stable suspension of cellulose nanoparticles was characterized. It was found that these nanoparticles are spherical and most of them are in the range of 40–90 nm. The enzymatic and ultrasonic treatments caused an increase in the crystallinity and a decrease in the degree of polymerization of cotton.     

Effect of enzyme treatment and wood pulp variation on physical characteristics and fabric hand of lyocell fabrics

The purpose of the research was to examine the effect of three different levels of enzyme treatment on the physical characteristics and the end-use suitability of the lyocell fabrics made with four different types of commercial wood pulp. The appropriate enzyme concentration for obtaining an optimum as well as consistent physical characteristics and fabric hand trait was 3 g/l for the concentration levels tested in the present investigation. Weight loss was more affected by higher enzyme concentration than other physical properties. H2 was least affected by enzyme treatment for all three physical properties and fabric hand. 5 g/l concentration exhibited little difference from 3 g/l in the physical characteristics, whereas the KES-FB values indicated a significant loss of fabric hand in most PHVs with the 5 g/l concentration level. Among different garment parameters, all four fabric types were relatively inappropriate for the men’s slacks (MS) fabric due to the lower hand value of koshi required by the MS parameter. However, despite the relatively low koshi values, high fukurami values required for men’s dress shirt (MWDS) resulted in the highest THV among the four garment parmeters. The four fabric types, which represent the usage of four different wood pulps, in general seem to exhibit a higher applicability to women’s winter thin dress (WWTD) than women’s winter suit (WWS) garment parameter.     

白僵菌悬乳剂研制及其对玉米螟防治研究

以球孢白僵菌孢子萌发率为指标,从19种助剂中筛选出6种助剂进行不同浓度的配伍,根据悬浮率、乳化时间以及粘度最终确定白僵菌悬乳剂1号和白僵菌悬乳剂2号两种配方。玉米螟幼虫生测结果显示,白僵菌悬乳剂1号、2号和白僵菌高孢粉的LC₅₀分别为7.09×10⁷个/mL、5.02×10⁷个/mL和7.03×10⁷个/mL,LT₅₀分别为192.37 h、136.21 h和213.68 h。玉米生产防效顺序为白僵菌颗粒剂>白僵菌悬乳剂2号>白僵菌悬乳剂1号>克百威。两种白僵菌悬乳剂对玉米螟有明显的毒杀作用,可促进玉米增产。     

Preparation of selective ion adsorbent by photo curing with acrylic and phosphoric acid on jute yarn

Jute yarns were cured with acrylic acid (AA) and phosphoric acid (PA) using UV radiation in order to prepare selective ion adsorbent. A series of formulations were prepared in methanol containing varying percentages of (10–70 %) of AA and 2 % photo-initiator (PI) (Darocur-4043). jute yarns were soaked in this formulation for various soaking times (10–30 min) and cured under UV radiation of different intensities (20–50 UV passes). Concentration of AA, soaking time and intensity of UV radiation were optimized based on polymer loading (PL). The maximum PL (21 %) was observed for 50 % AA solution for 20 min soaking time at 40 UV passes. Various formulations were prepared using 5–15 % (w/w) of phosphoric acid, 50 % AA and 2 % PI in methanol. Then jute yarns were soaked in this solution for 20 min and irradiated at 40th UV pass. The concentration of PA was again optimized for maximum PL. It was found that the formulation containing 10 % PA, 50 % AA, 38 % methanol and 2 % PI showed 70.95 % of PL. To investigate the adsorbent behavior, a 10 ppm CuSO₄ solution was prepared and then grafted yarns were soaked in the solutions for 30–300 min at different conditions. After withdrawing the yarns, the remaining copper in the solution were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). It was revealed that copper was successfully removed by using the grafted jute yarns.     

Effect of co-monomer ratio in ABS and wood content on processing and properties in wood/ABS composites

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene copolymers (ABS) reinforced with wood flour were investigated for rheological, mechanical and thermal properties. Three grades of commercial ABS resin (high flow (HF-ABS), medium impact (MI-ABS) and super high impact (SI-ABS) grades) were characterized using H-NMR and elemental analysis for the determination of co-monomer content. Wood flour from Para rubber trees treated with N-2 (aminoethyl)-3-(aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane was blended with ABS in the melt blending process using a twin-screw extruder. Wood flour contents used in this work were 0.0 %, 9.1 %, and 33.3 % wt. The composites with higher acrylonitrile contents showed higher melt viscosity especially at the low shear rate. Carreau’s model was used for curve-fitting. The extrudate swell ratio of the composites tended to increase at the shear rate of 10–500 s⁻¹ and then decreased dramatically once the shear rate were further applied. Neat ABS and wood/ABS composites with higher butadiene content illustrated a higher swelling ratio. The neat MI-ABS and composites showed the highest ultimate tensile strength and modulus due to the butadiene content effect. As the wood flour loading was increased, the tensile modulus of all ABS composites increased with the sacrifice of the tensile strength of composites. The elongation at break and impact strength were noticeably the highest for wood/SI-ABS composites among all because of the effect of rubbery butadiene content. Thermal stability of plastic in 9.1 % wood in HF-ABS composites was improved compared with the neat HF-ABS due to the low acrylonitrile content.     

An evaluation of the three-dimensional geometric shape of moulded bra cups

Bra cup moulding is currently a remarkable process in the production of seamless intimate apparel. The process is highly complex, time-consuming and error-prone due to the large variations of foam and lamination properties, cup styles and sizes, and geometric features of graduated padding. In particular, the three-dimensional (3D) geometric shape of foam cups is difficult to assess accurately because they are very soft and readily deform. In cases that involve fitting problems, shape modifications of the mould head and determination of the optimal moulding conditions have undergone repeated trials and errors. There is limited knowledge about the effects of foam properties and cup parameters in the controlling of moulding conditions. This study adopts a parameterization-based remesh algorithm method to evaluate the 3D shapes of the convex surface of scanned cup samples. The shape conformity of the cup is quantified in accordance to the corresponding mould head. In this respect, the moulding conditions that would achieve the most desirable geometric shapes of bra cups can be accurately and objectively demonstrated. Based on moulding experiments with 6 types of polyurethane (PU) foam materials, empirical equations that associate the cup shape conformity and the shape deviations from selected cup sectional curves are established. Through the use of non-linear regression models, the shape conformity of the moulded cups can be predicted by moulding conditions with reasonable accuracy. The shape conformity provides effective guidelines for quality assurance and improves production efficiency of bra cup moulding. Moreover, thermal-mechanical properties, such as compressive strain and softening temperature obtained from thermomechanical analysis (TMA) scans, provide a good understanding of cup shape conformity and determine the lowest moulding temperature at initial trails of the bra cup moulding process. Surprisingly, in pliable foams, the cup size does not have an apparent effect on the moulding conditions to achieve optimal cup shape conformity. The results reveal that the moulding conditions for sizes 34B and 34D could remain the same for pliable foam materials. Nevertheless, in the case of more rigid foams, a higher moulding temperature is required to achieve a desirable cup shape for size 34D as more energy is required for the heat-setting of foam materials with higher proportions of hard segments at the moulding of a larger cup size in anticipation of larger deformations.