水稻LOC_Os10g05490位点冷胁迫条件下表达分析及CRISPR/Cas9定向编辑

为探明LOC_Os10g05490位点冷胁迫条件下的表达特性和耐冷性功能,以耐冷东乡野生稻和冷敏感水稻93-11为试验材料进行了半定量分析,结果表明,LOC_Os10g05490在冷敏感水稻93-11冷处理前后表达丰度相当,而在耐冷东乡野生稻中冷处理后表达丰度下调,这一结果与前期转录组测序(RNA-seq)结果相符,进一步验证了该位点可能与水稻耐冷相关,随后利用CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术对LOC_Os10g05490编码区于同样具有较强耐冷性的粳稻品种台北309中实施定向基因敲除,并成功获得了26株转基因阳性植株。     

竹类植物SSR引物开发策略及应用

微卫星(SSR)指的是以核苷酸为单位,串联重复的DNA序列,分布于真核生物的整个基因组中。SSR标记是基于DNA长度多态性的分子标记技术,广泛应用于群体遗传结构分析、构建遗传图谱、基因定位、亲缘关系等领域。本文综述了竹类植物中的SSR引物开发方法及应用,旨在为SSR分子标记在竹类植物中的应用提供参考。     

数字图像模式识别技术在植物叶片识别中的应用

植物分类鉴别是森林资源及林下中药资源清查和保护工作的基础, 但现在植物的鉴别主要依靠人为进行, 效率低、主观性强, 且专业人才较少。随着数字信息化技术的发展, 构建计算机化的植物模式识别体系已经成为植物鉴别过程中强有力的工具,可为植物学的定种工作提供便捷、准确的保障。文中从叶片特征选择、常用叶片识别方法及图像识别在手机系统上的应用3个方面综述了叶片模式识别的相关研究成果,并探讨了利用计算机视觉辅助植物分类方面的问题和展望,以期为数字图像模式识别技术在植物叶片识别中的应用和进一步研究提供参考。     

Regeneration of phenotypically normal English elm (Ulmus procera) plantlets following transformation with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector

A transformation system was developed for English elm (Ulmus procera Salisbury) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 pMP90 p35SGUS/INTRON, allowing for the transfer of foreign genes and regeneration of phenotypically normal elm plantlets. The PCR analysis indicated that both nptII and uidA genes were stably inserted in the plant genome. beta-Glucuronidase histochemical and fluorimetric assays revealed expression of the uidA gene in the shoots, leaves, stems and roots of regenerated transgenic plants. The DNA-DNA hybridizations confirmed the presence of the uidA gene in regenerant plants. Factors influencing successful transformation and regeneration of elms included: identifying gene-transfer-proficient Agrobacterium strains for use with elms; developing an infection protocol allowing T-DNA transfer while retaining the ability to remove inciting bacteria; and identifying selection conditions to eliminate non-transformed material and choice of regeneration medium to allow shoot production. The potential utility of an effective elm transformation and regeneration system in the control of Dutch elm disease is discussed.     

国槐转雪花莲凝集素基因及抗蚜性

通过农杆菌介导法将雪花莲外源凝集素基因(gna)导入国槐叶片,获得转基因再生植株,经卡那霉素抗性筛选,PCR和Southern blot检测证实,gna基因已经整合进入国槐基因组中。凝血活性检测表明,大部分转基因植株表现出一定的凝血活性,对照未转化植株的凝血活性很低。室内离体叶片虫试试验进一步证明,转基因植株较非转基因植株有一定的抗蚜虫能力。     

融合遗传、形态和环境信息的植物智能识别

以植物DNA条形码为代表的新兴生物技术逐渐推广应用于林业科学研究领域。文中介绍了美国科研机构和高校联合开发的Leafsnap可视化植物识别软件的应用情况,根据当前已开展的植物DNA测序和数据库平台构建情况,初步提出一个综合植物DNA条形码、形态和环境信息的智能识别系统,以期为将来改进或开发出更准确、更快捷、更有趣且能进行公众参与的植物识别应用软件提供一些思路,为森林生物多样性研究和应用提供帮助。     

小黑杨转几丁质酶基因及酶活性

This paper reports a successful transformation of chitinase gene into Populus simonii×P. nigra by Agrobacterium-mediated means. For reducing adventitious buds,the optimal concentration of kanamycin was 40 mg·L~ -1 . Up to 700 mg·L~ -1 of Cefazolin Sodium had no obvious effect on differentiation of leaves. About 20-day-old leaf disc explants were pre-cultured for 3-4 d,then immersed in Agrobacterium suspension for infection for 6-15 min,then co-cultured on non-selection culture medium for 3 d in the dark at ...     

菊花营养性状杂种优势表现与主基因+多基因混合遗传分析

以匍匐性地被菊'雨花落英'为母本,直立型盆栽菊'奥运含笑'为父本杂交获得F<,1>杂种,调查该F<,1>群体的株高、冠幅和叶片等8个营养性状在2008-2009年2个年度的表型资料,运用单个分离世代的主基因+多基因混合遗传分析方法,对这8个营养性状分别进行遗传分析.结果表明:8个营养性状在F<,1>群体广泛分离,变异系数为11.54%～41.89%;杂种优势和超亲分离现象普遍存在,除叶宽外,其他7个性状的中亲优势值均达极显著水平.混合遗传分析表明:菊花株高、叶长和叶宽3个性状符合A-O模型,无主基因控制;冠幅符合A-2模型,主基因表现为加性,主基因遗传率为78.61%;株高/冠幅比、叶长/宽比和花颈长度3个性状表现为有2对主基因控制的B-2模型,主基因表现为加性-显性,其遗传率分别为40.33%,45.19%和99.56%;节间长度符合A-4模型,主基因表现为负向完全显性,主基因遗传率为51.46%.这些主基因的存在将为菊花优良营养性状QTL定位和分子标记辅助育种的深入研究奠定理论基础.     

DNA Extraction from Eriocaulon Plants and Construction of RAPD System

There have been many arguments on the classification of Eriocaulon Linn. by morphology so far, and little is known about the use of molecular marker for genetic for genetic diversity of Eriocaulon plants. To apply the technique of molecular marker to the research of genetic diversity of Eriocaulon plants, the study of the extraction method of DNA from the Eriocaulon plants and the RAPD system are essential for researchers. In this paper, the extraction of genome DNA from the silica-gel-dried leaves of several species of Eriocaulon distributed in China was studied, and the best RAPD analysis technique condition of Eriocaulon plants was analyzed.     

Plant somatic hybrid cytoplasmic DNA characterization by single-strand conformation polymorphism

Unlike maternal inheritance in sexual hybridization, plant somatic hybridization allows transfer, mixing and recombination of cytoplasmic genomes. In addition to the use of somatic hybridization in plant breeding programs, application of this unique tool should lead to a better understanding of the roles played by the chloroplastic and mitochondrial genomes in determining agronomically important traits. The nucleotide sequences of cytoplasmic genomes are much more conserved than those of nuclear genomes. Cytoplasmic DNA composition in somatic hybrids is commonly elucidated either by length polymorphism analysis of restricted genome regions amplified with universal primers (PCR-RF) or by hybridization of total DNA using universal cytoplasmic probes. In this study, we demonstrate that single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis is a powerful, quick and easy alternative method for cytoplasmic DNA characterization of somatic hybrids, especially for mitochondrial DNA. The technique allows detection of polymorphisms based on both size and sequence of amplified targets. Twenty-two species of the subfamily Aurantioideae were analyzed with eight universal primers (four from chloroplastic and four from mitochondrial regions). Differences in chloroplastic DNA composition were scored in 98% of all possible two-parent combinations, and different mitochondrial DNA profiles were found in 87% of them. Analysis by SSCP was also successfully used to characterize somatic hybrids and cybrids obtained by fusion of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. and C. excelsa Wester protoplasts.     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated GUS gene transformation of Robinia pseudoacacia ''''Idaho''''

Based on the plant regeneration system, a GUS gene transformation system to Idaho locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Idaho') mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was established. The successful transformation was confirmed by regenerating the shoots from the infected leaves in the presence of hygromysin; by histochemical X-gluc assays ofβ-glucuronidase (GUS) and by PCR and PCR-Southern blotting analysis. The ratio of positive transgenic plants is 5.8% (5 out of 86 plants). With this system, the target gene DREB was introduced into the leaves of Idaho locust. The transgenic plants regenerated, which was verified by PCR-Southern blotting. It is suggested that the transformation system could be a new, simple, reliable and practical route to gene transformation of R. pseudoacacia 'Idaho' mediated with A. tumefaciens.     

浙北乡村聚落道路植物景观美景度评价

文章选取浙北41个乡村聚落,运用SBE评价法对乡村道路植物景观开展美景度评价,按照9种道路植物景观要素分析其对14个典型道路植物景观美景度的影响,构建道路植物景观美景度模型。结果表明:影响道路植物景观美景度的景观要素主要为观赏性和整洁度,美景度值随着观赏性和整洁度增加而增加。研究结果可为乡村道路植物景观规划提供参考借鉴。     

Combining banker plants to achieve long-term pest control in multi-pest and multi-natural enemy cropping systems

Banker plants increase biological pest control by supporting populations of non-pest arthropod species, used as alternative hosts or prey by natural enemies. Due to the specificity of trophic interactions, banker plants may not efficiently promote natural enemies with different ecologies. Yet in most cropping systems, different pest species are present together and require different biocontrol agents to efficiently control them. In the present study, we tested the combined use of two banker plants and their associated prey/host to enhance populations of the specialist parasitoid Encarsia formosa targeting the main tomato pest Bemisia tabaci, and a polyphagous ladybird Propylea japonica targeting the secondary pest Myzus persicae in tomato crops. In a laboratory and a greenhouse experiment, we measured the abundances of these four species using the Ricinus communis—Trialeurodes ricini banker plant system alone, in combination with the Glycines max—Megoura japonica system, or in absence of banker plants. We found that the first banker plant system enhanced populations of E. formosa, resulting in increased suppression of B. tabaci populations and the suppression of their outbreak in both our laboratory and greenhouse experiment. Conversely, abundances of P. japonica were not affected by this first system, but were significantly increased when the second was present. This resulted in increased control of M. persicae populations and the suppression of their early and late outbreaks. Our study demonstrates the potential for combined banker plants to provide long-term, sustainable control of multiple pests by their target natural enemies in complex agroecosystems.

     

DNA extraction from Eriocaulon plants and construction of RAPD system

There have been many arguments on the classification of Eriocaulon Linn. by morphology so far, and little is known about the use of molecular marker for genetic for genetic diversity of Eriocaulon plants. To apply the technique of molecular marker to the research of genetic diversity of Eriocaulon plants, the study of the extraction method of DNA from the Eriocaulon plants and the RAPD system are essential for researchers. In this paper, the extraction of genome DNA from the silica-gel-dried leaves of several species of Eriocaulon distributed in China was studied, and the best RAPD analysis technique condition of Eriocaulon plants was analyzed. [Supported by Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 01029)]     

东莞市乡土植物保护管理系统的设计与实现

通过对东莞市乡土植物保护管理工作的分析,提出一种基于移动客户端和服务器模式的乡土植物保护管理系统解决方案.系统建立了乡土植物数据库,并实现了植物分类、植物养护和巡检等功能,应用射频技术和数据同步技术解决数据采集和存储问题,提高了乡土植物保护管理的工作效率.     

毛竹小RNA高通量测序及病毒分析

以毛竹叶片为材料,采用小RNA高通量测序结合生物信息学对小RNA数据库进行组装,进一步分析了毛竹中存在的病毒和类病毒,并采用RT-PCR和RACE进行验证。结果表明:在竹子样品中存在水稻东格鲁病毒(RTBV),覆盖率达到91.0%。在毛竹样品中扩增得到1 992 bp RTBV病毒类似序列,占其基因组的24.9%。RTBV病毒在多个毛竹样品中存在且不存在多态性。RTBV病毒可能是一个古老的植物病毒,在进化过程中禾本科植物将其序列整合到基因组中来防御RTBV病毒的浸染。