X-ray Diffraction Analysis of the 25Cr2MoVA Steel After Rapid Ion Nitriding

The surface phase constituent of the 25Cr2MoVA steel has been analysed after conventional and rapid ion nitridings.The relation between the tempered temperature and the phase constituent has been investigated.     

X ray diffraction method of measuring microball coat thickness

Use of the X ray diffraction method to measure microball coat thickness is studied. A mathematical model of X ray diffraction of microballs is created and solved using computer aided simulation. The relationship between diffracted X ray intensity and coat thickness is calculated with the help of a standard sample possessing a known thickness. The coat thickness of other samples can be calculated by the intensity of diffracted X ray based on the same condition. The experimental result shows that this method is a rapid, convenient, non destructive means of measuring microball coat thickness.     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定稻谷中的镉

探索了一种对稻谷中重金属镉的快速、直接的测定方法,以适用稻谷集中收购、存储和流通过程中快速检测的的需要。样品无需前处理,直接磨成粉状即可上机测定。该方法采用X射线荧光光谱分析的原理,样品中的待测元素受激产生特征X射线,并由高性能探测器接收,得到镉元素的信号强度,然后根据信号强度与浓度的比例关系,经过软件处理自动计算样品中镉的含量,20min内完成精确定量。检出限可达到0.034mg/kg,实物标样标准偏差为0.016。此方法简单快速,并且准确性高,重现性好,可广泛应用于稻谷中镉的快速检测。     

Design method of generatingDICOM Image in the high frequency X ray machine

DICOM3.0 standard is complex and rich in contents. Aiming at the difficulty of software design, a programming method of generating DICOM image file in the high frequency X ray machine is proposed. The data structure of DICOM file is analyzed, and then the programming method of generating DICOM image files is introduced in detail. For the proposed method, a template array of the data structure is constructed to save the eigenvalues, transfer syntax, pixel data and so on of the image. All kinds of the data are stored in the DICOM file successively. The programming method can not only transform a BMP file into a DICOM file, but also transform a JPEG file into a DICOM file. It strictly follows DICOM 3.0 protocol. The generated DICOM files can be displayed with the DICOM file browsing software ezDICOM. The programming design was based on VC++6.0.     

X-ray diagnosis spectroscopy of laser produced plasma

A new crystal spectrometer with high spatial and spectral resolution was designed to measure very low emissive X ray spectra of laser produced plasma in the 0.5 nm to 0.8 nm range. Twin channels collocated perpendicularly with two different crystal materials and forms were utilized for simultaneous measurement of spectral and spatial resolution. The imaging plate was employed to obtain high spatial resolution with effective area of 30 mm×80 mm. The basic parameters of crystals were analyzed and the design parameters of the spectrometer are presented herein. The first experiment was carried out at the 20 J energy laser facility of Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP. X ray spectra were obtained from Al laser produced plasmas with a spectral resolution of 1 000 to 1 500 for the spherically bent mica crystal spectrometer and spatial resolutions of 1.73 mm to 6.88 mm for the flat PET crystal in the same condition. It is suggested that the device be used in high density plasma diagnostics of a single laser shot.     

Experiment Study on Soil Properties of Shennv Stream Landslide in Wu Gorge

Accurate obtainting soil parameters of landslide is the key links for landslide stability evaluation and project management . This article takes Shennv Stream landslide in Chongqing Wushan County as an example, implementing unconsolidated and undrained shear test and mineral composition analysis by X ray diffraction for soil in different elevations of landslide ,conducting sensitivity test for various soil parameters of reservoir landslide change with different water level.Study shows that : Mineral composition of soil mainly contains Calcite, Quartz and clay mineral. Hydrophilic minerals in clay mineral have great effect on stability of landslide. Shear strength decreases by influence of water content on cohesion. Cohesion decreases sharply in a quadratic function relation with water content increasing .When water content comes to 18.21% ,change of cohesion tends to be stable.But the internal friction angle of landslide soil decreases linearly in small amplitude with an increase of water content. Research results may provide some important references for rationally choosing strength parameters of soil in similar landslide.     

Selection of a mutant from adventitious shoots formed in X ray treated cherry leaves and differentiation of standard and mutant with RAPDs

Summary An obstacle when using scions orin vitro shoots for mutation induction is the occurrence of chimeras. When adventitious shoots are formed from irradiated material these usually are derived from single cells, this leading to homohistont mutants. SincePrunus avium regenerates adventitious shoots from leaves at a low rate only (Yang & Schmidt, 1992), leaves of the interspecific cherry rootstock ‘209/1’ (P. cerasus ×P. canescens) were irradiated. ‘209/1’ regenerates adventitious shoots readily. Dosages applied were 5, 10, 20 and 40 Gy. Shoot production following 5 Gy irradiation was similar to the control. The application of 40 Gy resulted in strong damage with only few leaves regenerating. Among the adventitious shoots from leaves irradiated with 20 Gy one shoot was evident alreadyin vitro with thicker and smaller leaves having a serrate margin. It was cloned as ‘209/1-20m’. The clone stayed stable since 1990in vitro, in the greenhouse and the field. Compared with standard ‘209/1’ the mutant is very dwarf. Research to differentiate between standard ‘209/1’ and ‘209/1-20m’ was done using RAPDs. Among the decamer primer kits D, J, and T from Operon Technologies, Calif. Only primer OPJ05 (5‘CTCCATGGGG3’) differentiated between ‘209/1’ and ‘209/1-20m’. Rootstock ‘209/1’ showed one band of 2 kb additionally. This band is missing in the mutant.     

外源GA3对非洲菊舌状花着色的影响

以红色非洲菊品种‘红地毯’为试材,在花朵发育的P1时期喷施赤霉素,浓度分别为0、50、100、200、400、800 mg/L,研究外源GA3处理对非洲菊舌状花着色的影响。结果表明：随着外源赤霉素浓度的增加,花瓣内花青素含量逐渐升高,促进花青素的合成;当外源赤霉素浓度在100~200 mg/L时,最有利于类黄酮的合成和可溶性糖的积累;但是赤霉素浓度大于200 mg/L时才能提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性,因此赤霉素浓度为200 mg/L左右时能促进非洲菊舌状花着色。     

马铃薯二倍体杂种资源的育种利用研究

本试验研究了用能产生2n配子的二倍体杂种作父本，与四倍体栽培种进行杂交以及普通栽培种之间进行杂交其后代在产量上的表现，从而评述了能产生2n配子的二倍体杂交种在马铃薯育种工作中的重要价值。在试验中，采用4X-2X与4X-4X两个系统，各有5个品系，采用随机区组设计，通过其后代产量性状的表现来进行比较，研究4X-2X的后代在产量上的潜力；用年度间的产量比较，分析了各品系的产量稳定性，从而筛选符合育种目标的品系。试验结果表明：4X-2X杂交后代的产量明显高于4X-4X杂交后代的产量，在年度比较中发现，各吕系的稳定性都比较好，高产的品系产量仍然很高，说明4X-2X杂交后代保持了2X杂种的优良性状，入选品系有B5、B3、B1。     

广西绞股蓝种子休眠与萌发特性研究

对广西绞股蓝种子进行了生活力测定、发芽试验、吸水率测定及离体胚萌发试验,并对广西绞股蓝种子进行酸碱处理、低温层积和干藏处理、GA₃和6-BA溶液处理,探讨不同的处理对广西绞股蓝种子萌发的影响。结果表明新鲜广西绞股蓝种子的活力高达98%,但在6个恒温和1个变温条件下,其萌发率最高仅为11.7%,说明广西绞股蓝具有明显的休眠现象。种子吸水性测定结果表明,广西绞股蓝种皮限制种子吸水,离体胚萌发实验证实广西绞股蓝种子的胚在离体条件下没有休眠现象,说明种皮障碍是导致广西绞股蓝种子休眠的主要原因。低温层积不能解除广西绞股蓝种子的休眠,而干藏则会导致种子内部失水,从而导致种子生活力降低。浓硫酸和不同浓度的NaOH溶液处理均不能打破种子的休眠,仅6-BA溶液处理对4℃层积后的种子萌发起到一定的促进作用。     

紫外线诱变处理对苜蓿种子苜蓿皂苷含量的影响研究

以紫外线诱变处理苜蓿种子,接种在Ms培养基诱导产生愈伤组织,用微波辅助提取的方法提取其中的皂苷类物质并测定其中的皂苷含量。结果表明：诱变处理苜蓿种子产生的愈伤组织的皂苷含量高于未处理的种子0.3％,紫外线诱变可提高苜蓿皂苷含量。     

马铃薯X病毒25 kD运动蛋白基因和外壳蛋白基因介导的抗病性研究

以马铃薯X病毒（potato virus X,PVX）的RNA为模板,应用反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法分别扩增出长度为681 bp的非翻译马铃薯X病毒25 kD运动蛋白基因（PVX-p25）和长度为714 bp的非翻译马铃薯X病毒外壳蛋白基因（PVX-CP）。并分别构建植物表达载体pROKⅡ-p25和pROKⅡ-CP。利用农杆菌介导方法转化烟草NC89。经卡那霉     

高产抗生素木霉菌株的选育及初步研究

利用在培养基中加入高浓度木霉菌代谢产物作为选择压力,通过紫外线诱变,以立枯丝核菌作为指示菌,结合平板对峙法、发酵产物平板活性测定法,选育高产抗生素木霉菌株。经初筛、复筛共得到6株对立枯丝核菌具有较强抑制作用的突变株,进一步对突变株的发酵液进行活性测定,选育出了两株遗传稳定的高产抗生素木霉突变株TD103-UV-4和TD103-UV-13,生长速度分别是出发菌株的1.86倍和1.95倍,发酵产物抑菌活性明显提高。其中菌株TD103-UV-4发酵液对立枯丝核菌的抑制率在80%以上,并且对灰葡萄孢菌等植物病原菌有较强的抑制作用,产抗生素能力比出发菌株提高了47.1%。     

紫外线诱变锁掷孢酵母发酵产γ-癸内酯的初探

对2株锁掷孢酵母生产γ-癸内酯的情况进行了初步研究,确定了发酵最佳条件。由于产量过低,确定以鲑色锁掷孢酵母为出发菌株,利用紫外线诱变技术,达到明显提高γ-癸内酯的目的。出发菌株γ-癸内酯的产量仅为0.097g/L,诱变后γ-癸内酯产量提高到6.009g/L。     

双重检测马铃薯X和Y病毒试纸条制备技术研究

为了实现在马铃薯种薯生产田现场同时快速检测马铃薯X（PVX）和Y病毒（PVY）,利用胶体金标记和免疫层析技术研制了PVX-PVY双重检测试纸条。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金溶液,在波长526nm处有最大吸收值,金颗粒直径约25nm。同时标记PVX和PVY兔多克隆抗体,将抗体标记物喷射于玻璃纤维纸上,作为金标垫。将PVX和PVY抗体分别划线于硝酸纤维素膜上作为检测线,将羊抗兔抗体划线于硝酸纤维素膜上作为质控线,制备胶体金试纸条。结果表明,研制的双重试纸条能够在2min之内同时检出PVX和PVY。PVX病汁液检测稀释限度可达10⁶倍（W/V）,PVY可达10⁵倍（W/V）,其中对PVX检测更灵敏。用其他4种常见病毒（PVS、PLRV、PVA和PVM）检测,未出现交叉反应。在田间采集马铃薯叶片,分别利用试纸条与DAS-ELISA检测,结果一致性非常高。由此可知,该试纸条具有操作简便、反应快捷的特点,特别适用于田间及口岸一线对于马铃薯X和Y病毒的同时检测。     

RT-PCR快速检测3种烟草病毒技术

为了快速提取植物叶片的总RNA,并对烟草病毒进行检测,对提取及检测方法进行了研究。结果表明：以黄瓜叶片、白肋烟叶片为试材,用TRIzol试剂盒在1 h内提取到纯度高、完整性好的总RNA。设计烟草花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒和马铃薯X病毒的特异性引物,RT-PCR检测,从感病叶片中分别扩增出313,326,392 bp的目的片断,而健康叶片中无此扩增带。构建这3种病毒重组质粒,对核苷酸序列与GeneBank中报道的进行比较,同源性分别为99.36%,97.55%,98.21%。用这种方法快速、可靠,为烟草病毒的检测提供科学依据。     

培养基组分对纤维杆菌X4-9发酵产纤维素酶的影响

考察发酵培养基组分对纤维杆菌X4-9发酵产葡聚糖内切酶、葡聚糖外切酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的影响。应用DPS软件的二次回归旋转中心组合实验设计方法,对纤维杆菌X4-9的发酵培养基（花生秸杆粉、蔗糖、尿素、(NH4)2SO4、硫酸镁、磷酸二氢钾）进行了优化。结果表明：在试验数值范围内,花生秸杆粉、蔗糖和(NH4)2SO4对酶活均会产生极显著的正效应,而尿素、硫酸镁和磷酸二氢钾的用量则具有明显的负效应;在优化的发酵培养基配方（花生秸杆粉30 g/L、蔗糖20 g/L、尿素2.5 g/L、(NH4)2SO4 10 g/L）下,葡萄糖内切酶、葡聚糖外切酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的酶活分别达到2.705163,5.723014和3.614921 I U/mL,比初始发酵培养基配方下的各酶活分别提高了123.66%,146.32%和186.40%。纤维杆菌X4-9均能同时产生葡萄糖内切酶、葡聚糖外切酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶等纤维素降解复合酶系,且这些酶高产的培养基条件较为一致。     

玫烟色拟青霉Pf9606菌株的紫外诱变选育

摘要：采用紫外照射孢子悬液和原生质体的方法对玫烟色拟青霉Pf9606菌株进行了诱变选育,并对诱变株的生物学性状及毒力进行了测定。结果表明：筛选出的 UV-22、UVP-39两菌株的产孢量分别为对照的1.58倍和1.37倍,毒力分别比对照的提高14.03%和11.00%。比较UV-22和UVP-39两诱变菌株可知,玫烟色拟青霉PF9606孢子悬液的诱变效果要好于原生质体的诱变效果。     

Mapping QTL involved in powdery mildew resistance of the apple clone U 211

Scab and powdery mildew, caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. and Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis et Ev.) Salm. are the most important apple diseases. The apple clone U 211 is resistant to scab and is also highly resistant to powdery mildew under field conditions. The interval mapping method was applied for the identification of genomic regions conferring U 211 resistance to powdery mildew. The genetic maps of the ‘Idared’ and U 211 genome sectors were constructed using amplified fragment lenght polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers and 98 individuals from the progeny of the cross ‘Idared’× U 211. On the basis of the phenotypic and molecular marker data 10 powdery mildew resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in U 211 and ‘Idared’. One of the QTL in the clone U 211 explained 48‐72% of the phenotypic variation and its effect was stable over years.