桑黄菌丝体对小鼠肉瘤S_(180)的抑制作用

建立荷瘤(S180)小鼠模型,用桑黄(Phellinus igniarius)菌丝体灌胃(低、中和高剂量组分别为0.25、0.5和1.0g/kg/d)至模型组肿瘤直径达1cm停止给药,测定抑瘤率和各脏器指数。结果表明:阳性对照组(顺铂3mg/kg/d)显著抑制小鼠体重的增加,而桑黄菌丝体3个剂量组对小鼠体重的增加没有显著的抑制作用;低、中和高3个剂量组抑瘤率分别为18.3%、29.5%和40.7%。桑黄菌丝体对脾脏指数与胸腺指数的影响小于阳性对照药物顺铂。     

粗毛黄褐孔菌多糖降血糖试验研究

通过研究粗毛黄褐孔菌多糖降血糖的作用,分别用不同剂量野生粗毛黄褐孔菌多糖,灌胃正常小鼠与四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠,结果显示,野生粗毛黄褐孔菌多糖对正常小鼠无明显影响,对糖尿病小鼠在给药21 d后,中剂量组和高剂量组与阴性对照组间差异极显著,与阳性对照组之间差异不显著;用野生粗毛黄褐孔菌与人工栽培、液体发酵菌丝体多糖相同剂量灌胃糖尿病小鼠21 d后,三者降血糖作用无显著差异,均能一定程度降低糖尿病小鼠血糖。     

广叶绣球菌多糖对免疫低下小鼠海马组织cAMP-PKA-CREB-BDNF信号通路的影响

分别灌胃环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠广叶绣球菌(Sparassis latifolia)多糖(SCPs,低、中、高剂量分别为100、200、400 mg·kg;),观察小鼠海马组织形态变化,检测5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)、色氨酸羟化酶(tryptophan hydroxylase 2,TPH2)和环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP)含量,测定细胞因子和cAMP-PKA-CREB-BDNF信号通路基因mRNA表达量、cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein, CREB)和磷酸化CREB(phosphorylated CREB, p-CREB)蛋白表达量,探讨SCPs对海马组织损伤的干预作用。结果表明:SCPs使免疫低下小鼠海马组织神经细胞数量增多,细胞间隙缩小,结构更为完整。与模型组相比,SCPs各剂量组5-HT和TPH2含量、中和高剂量组cAMP含量极显著增加;SCPs各剂量组TNF-α、中和高剂量组IL-1β mRNA表达量显著降低,SCPs中和高剂量组5-HT;受体、高剂量组蛋白激酶A和脑源性神经营养因子基因mRNA表达量显著增加;SCPs高剂量组CREB蛋白、各剂量组p-CREB蛋白表达量显著提高。研究结果为揭示广叶绣球菌多糖对海马组织保护作用的机制提供参考。     

蛹虫草多糖对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

采用雄性ICR小鼠随机分组,分别灌胃蒸馏水、不同剂量的蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)多糖(低、中、高剂量组分别每天灌胃75、150、450mg/kg BW),40d后建立疲劳模型,比较力竭游泳时间、肝肌糖原水平、乳酸含量和机体相关的乳酸脱氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力。结果表明:高剂量蛹虫草多糖能够显著延长小鼠力竭游泳时间,中高剂量多糖显著提高小鼠肝肌糖原水平,有效的遏制运动后小鼠乳酸生成量,而低剂量多糖显著增加运动后小鼠乳酸脱氢酶活力,3个剂量的多糖均能提高运动后小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶的活力。     

灵芝粗多糖对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用

研究灵芝粗多糖对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。灌胃5周后,剂量组与糖尿病模型对照组的血糖,有显著性差异（p〈O．01）,高剂量组与低剂量组的血糖水平,组间差异显著（p〈0．01）;剂量组小鼠的血清胰岛素值与糖尿病模型对照组比较,显著降低。灵芝粗多糖能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖,并呈现一定的剂量依赖关系,但其降血糖机理不是刺激胰岛素的分泌。     

白灵菇多糖对CCI4损伤的小鼠心脏抗氧化作用研究

目的:探讨白灵菇多糖对CCI4损伤小鼠心脏抗氧化作用.方法:将成年小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组(低、中、高剂量给予的白灵菇多糖每天分别为100、200、500 mg/kg共5组,连续灌胃30d后,模型对照组及3个试验组以5 mg/kg·d·wt的量,灌以用色拉油配制的1%CCL溶液,正常对照组灌以等体积的色拉油.24h后将各组动物处死,测定心脏器官的总SOD、Mn-SOD、MDA、GSH-Px几个主要抗氧化指标.结果:与模型对照组相比,给予中、高剂量的白灵菇多糖,可显著提高受损小鼠心脏的总SOD、Mn-SOD及GSH-Px几个主要抗氧化指标.结果:与模型对照组相比,给予中、高剂量的白灵菇多糖,可显著提高受损小鼠心脏的总SOD、Mn-SOD及GSH-Px的活性,降低MDA的含量.结论:对于CCI4损伤的小鼠心脏,白灵菇多糖具有较好的抗氧化作用.     

几种药用真菌粗多糖降血糖作用研究

以四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠为动物模型,对虫草属(Cordyceps)、针层孔菌属(Phellinus)和灵芝属(Ganoderma)的几种药用真菌粗多糖降血糖作用进行研究.试验结果表明,戴氏虫草(C.taii)与勿忘虫草(C.memorabilis)菌丝体粗多糖降血糖效果较好,其高低两个剂量组(1 g/kg和0.5 g/kg)的血糖和模型对照组比较都表现极显著差异;赤芝(G.lucidum)和蛹虫草(C.militaris)子实体粗多糖降血糖作用稍差,与模型对照组相比,其高剂量组降血糖作用表现极显著差异,低剂量组的降血糖作用表现显著差异;针层孔菌(P.sp)菌丝体粗多糖的降血糖作用较弱,使用低剂量时血糖和模型对照组比较无差异,高剂量时血糖和模型对照组比较有显著差异.     

蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌粉对糖尿病模型大鼠的保护作用

为研究蝙蝠蛾拟青霉(Paecilomyces hepiali)菌粉(PHC)对链脲佐菌素(streptozocin,STZ)诱导的糖尿病模型大鼠的保护作用,SD雄性大鼠灌胃PHC(低剂量组0.5g/kg·d,高剂量组2.0g/kg·d),正常对照组和模型组灌胃生理盐水,阳性对照组灌胃0.35g/kg·d二甲双胍,4周后通过尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型,测定大鼠的空腹血糖值、糖耐量、血清胰岛素含量、肝糖原含量,观察肾脏组织切片。结果表明:对STZ诱导的糖尿病模型大鼠,PHC具有抑制其血糖升高的作用,与模型组相比,低、高剂量组的血糖值分别降低了15.9%和27.7%、血糖曲线下面积值分别降低了19.0%和23.2%;PHC能显著提高胰岛素的分泌水平,低、高剂量组的胰岛素水平分别是模型组的1.5和1.6倍,并且PHC可使大鼠肾脏病变的发生得到改善。本实验表明,PHC可显著减弱STZ诱导造成的大鼠胰岛和肾脏损伤,因而可对糖尿病的发生起到保护作用。     

灰树花胞内粗多糖提取条件的优化及其提取物的抑瘤作用

采用Box-Behnken试验优化灰树花(Grifola frondosa)胞内多糖提取条件,结果表明,实验范围内多糖最佳提取条件为提取温度92.53℃,浸提时间2.24 h,水料比35.76:1,在此条件下多糖的理论提取率为7.28%,验证值为7.15%.S180荷瘤昆明小鼠的连续灌胃试验结果表明,灰树花多糖能显著抑制S180肉瘤的生长,低剂量多糖组(200 mg/kg/d)、高剂量多糖组(500 mg/kg/d)和环磷酰胺阳性对照组(20 mg/kg/d)的抑瘤率分别为61.51%、44.42%和73.75%.     

灵芝多糖降血糖作用的研究

目的：研究灵芝多糖对四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠、去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠及正常小鼠血糖水平的影响。方法：制备四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠模型及去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠模型，给药2周后取血测定血糖水平。结果：灵芝多糖能明显降低四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠及去甲肾上腺索所致高血糖小鼠的血糖水平，其中高剂量组与模型对照组相比均有显著意义（P〈0．05），而对正常小鼠血糖水平影响较小，低、中、高剂量组与正常对照组相比均无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论：灵芝多糖对四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠及去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠具有明显降血糖作用，而对正常小鼠血糖水平影响较小。     

八种食用菌水溶性粗多糖的β-葡聚糖含量与体外免疫活性研究

采用水提醇沉法提取了8种不同食用菌子实体的水溶性粗多糖,测定了样品中多糖、葡聚糖和β-葡聚糖的含量,结果表明,刺芹侧耳(Pleurotus eryngii)、毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)、香菇(Lentinula edodes)和桑黄(Phellinus baumii)粗多糖中的多糖含量较高,香菇和姬松茸(Agaricus blazei)粗多糖中葡聚糖含量较高;猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)、刺芹侧耳、香菇和姬松茸粗多糖中β-葡聚糖含量较高。采用截留分子量8000～12000透析袋纯化8种食用菌粗多糖,将纯化产物用于体外刺激巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放NO实验和脾淋巴细胞增殖实验,8种样品均能刺激巨噬细胞释放NO,其中香菇、刺芹侧耳和毛头鬼伞粗多糖在低浓度(200μg/mL)时,刺激巨噬细胞释放NO量即可达到40μmol/L以上,高浓度(500μg/mL)时高于阳性对照;体外脾淋巴细胞增殖实验结果显示,8种供试样品均能刺激脾淋巴细胞增殖,以香菇、刺芹侧耳和猴头菌粗多糖效果较好。实验结果证明这8种食用菌粗多糖均具有体外免疫活性。     

Effects of Retinervus luffae fructus on mRNA expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor in hyperlipidemia mice

AIM: To observe the effects of Retinervus luffae fructus (RLF) on mRNA expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) in hyperlipidemia mice. METHODS: Mice were fed with high fat diet to induce a hyperlipidemia model. By using xuezikang, a Chinese medicine, as a positive control, the effect of RLF on serum total cholesterol (TC) and level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in mice were observed. The liver total RNA was extracted by Trizol method. The LDL-R mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: (1) The levels of TC ［(5.71±0.82) mmol/L］ and LDL-C ［(3.99±1.12) mmol/L］ in hyperlipidemia (HPL) group were higher than those in control (P<0.01). The levels of TC ［(3.65±0.28) mmol/L］ and LDL-C ［(2.74±0.54) mmol/L］ in RLF treatment group, and the levels of TC ［(3.94±0.65) mmol/L］ and LDL-C ［(3.00±0.23) mmol/L］ in positive control (PC) group were lower than those in HPL group (P<0.01). (2) The level of hepatic LDL-R mRNA expression was lower in HPL group than that in control group (P<0.01). Compared to HPL group, significant increases in hepatic LDL-R mRNA expression in RLF treatment group and PC group (P<0.01) were observed. CONCLUSION: Retinervus Luffae Fructus exerts obviously lipid-lowering effect and enhances the hepatic LDL-R mRNA expression in experimental hyperlipidemia mice.     

姬松茸发酵全液多糖提取及其抗肿瘤活性

液体发酵姬松茸 ,从发酵全液中提粗多糖 ,研究其体内抗肿瘤活性。用 0 2g/kg、 0 4g/kg、 0 8g/kg三个剂量组对荷S180 小鼠进行灌胃 ,结果发现 ,姬松茸发酵全液粗多糖得率为 1 78g/ 10 0mL、多糖含量为 4 6 4 %。低中高三个剂量组对肿瘤的抑制率分别为 2 5 6 1%、 4 7 5 6 %和 5 4 34%。同时能提高荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数。姬松茸发酵全液多糖具有明显的抗肿瘤活性。     

巴西蘑菇多糖冲剂制备工艺研究

采用正交试验法优化了微波辅助提取巴西蘑菇多糖的条件,研究了多糖冲剂制备工艺,并用苯酚-硫酸法对巴西蘑菇多糖冲剂中多糖含量进行了测定.结果表明,以水为溶剂,巴西蘑菇多糖最佳提取条件为：提取时间30min,微波功率为80%（全功率为800w）,液料比为20：1.巴西蘑菇多糖冲剂配方为：巴西蘑菇粗多糖：可溶性淀粉：甜蜜素=1：4：0.04,冲剂中多糖含量为7.624%.     

鳞盖红菇菌丝体多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠Bcl-2和P53表达的影响

用鳞盖红菇(Russula lepida)菌丝体多糖连续灌胃H22荷瘤小鼠10 d.与阴性对照组相比,多糖组的瘤重降低,Bcl-2和突变型P53的表达下调,表明鳞盖红菇菌丝体多糖对H22荷瘤鼠有抑瘤作用,可以抑制H22肝癌细胞的增殖.     

姬松茸发酵液对小鼠抗运动疲劳及肝组织抗氧化能力的影响

研究姬松茸(Agaricus blazei)发酵液灌胃小鼠,对小鼠抗运动疲劳及肝组织抗氧化能力的影响.试验结果表明,与对照组(10 mg/kg·d ddH2O)相比,姬松茸发酵液中剂量组(20mg/kg·d)、高剂量组(30 mg/kg·d)小鼠的负重游泳、爬杆、耐缺氧时间均显著延长,血清尿素氮和血乳酸含量显著降低,肝糖原储存量显著升高,肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性显著提高,MDA值显著下降.说明灌胃姬松茸发酵液,能提高小鼠抗运动疲劳功能和加强肝组织抗氧化能力.     

Role of Huoxue Jiangzhi Recipe in preventing and treating fatty liver in mice

AIM: To explore the role of Huoxue Jiangzhi Recipe in preventing and treating fatty liver in mice and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Healthy Kunming mice were fed with high-fat diet and treated intragastrically with different doses of Huoxue Jiangzhi Recipe (compound of ginseng, panax notoginseng and rhizoma gastrodiae, named as GST) for 2 weeks. The levels of blood lipids and triglyceride (TG) in hepatic tissues were measured. Meanwhile, liver index and hepatic pathology were observed. The optimized dosage of Huoxue Jiangzhi Recipe was determined by the experiments. The mice were divided into normal control group (NC group, fed with normal diet) and model group (fed with high-fat diet). The model mice were subdivided into 3 subgroups 12 weeks later: HF group (fed continuously with high-fat diet), ND group (fed with normal diet), GSL group (fed with normal diet and treated intragastrically with GSL). The mice in NC, HF and ND groups were given distilled water by gastric perfusion. Two weeks later, all mice were killed, and blood was collected for measuring serum total cholesterol (TC),TG,high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) contents, hepatic TC, TG, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected. Moreover, liver index and hepatic pathology were also observed. The mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and cytochrome-P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in the liver was examined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: GST significantly decreased serum lipid, hepatic lipid and MDA levels and elevated SOD activity. Furthermore, GST markedly reduced liver index, improved hepatic adipose infiltration, increased PPARα mRNA expression and inhibited CYP2E1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: GST is effective in the treatment of fatty liver in mice by up-regulating PPARα, thus reducing serum and hepatic TG levels, down-regulating CYP2E1 and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.     

姬松茸多糖对人体健康的改善作用及机制

为了验证低分子姬松茸菌对人体健康的改善作用。在探讨姬松茸多糖的药用价值的基础上,对低分子姬松茸多糖的提取和纯化方法进行了试验,通过单因素试验与正交试验确定了提取最佳条件;对低分子姬松茸多糖抗肝癌HepG-2细胞的活性进行了试验,结果显示,低分子姬松茸多糖对肝癌HepG-2细胞的抵制率要高于普通多糖,但纯化后的低分子姬松茸多糖抑制率反而会降低,证明了多糖中的某些蛋白质具有一定的抗癌效果,抗癌活性与多糖的纯化和含量没有相关性。     

Chutan-Jiedu decoction reverses resistance of lung cancer to gefitinib by processing EMT

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of Chutan-Jiedu decoction (CJD) reversing the resistance of lung cancer to gefitinib via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway.METHODS: BALB/c nude mice (n=60) were selected to establish lung cancer xenograft model with human lung adenocarcinoma drug-resistant cell line H1975, which were randomly divided into 6 groups (10 mice per group):model group, gefitinib (0.04 g/kg) group, low-dose (13.52 g/kg) CJD group, middle-dose (27.04 g/kg) CJD group, high-dose (54.08 g/kg) CJD group, and combined medication group (27.04 g/kg CJD+0.04 g/kg gefitinib). The mice in each group were treated for 2 weeks before the tumor size and tumor weight were detected for the calculation of the tumor inhibitory rate. The mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin, Snail and vimentin were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR.RESULTS: Compared with model group and gefitinib group, the tumor size and the tumor weight in middle-dose CJD group, high-dose CJD group and combined medication group were decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR showed that the expression of E-cadherin at mRNA and protein levels was increased significantly, while the expression of Snail and vimentin at mRNA and protein levels was decreased significantly (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The growth of lung adenocarcinoma H1975 xenografts in nude mice is inhibited by CJD. In addition, the resistance of lung cancer to gefitinib is reversed. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of EMT-related protein expression.     

Preliminary mechanism of Mcl-1 silencing in regulating apoptosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with MTB

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) silencing in regulating the apoptosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by observing the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax expression. METHODS: The suspensions of MTB strains with different virulence, BCG, H37Ra, H37Rv and XJ-MTB, were prepared to infect BALB/c mice. The transfection of Mcl-1-shRNA plasmid was used to establish a mouse model, and a corresponding control group at the same time was set up. The mice were executed and their peritoneal macrophages were collected 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d after the treatment. The apoptosis of the macrophages treated with diffe-rent virulence of MTB strains at different time points was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: The apoptotic rate of mouse peritoneal macrophages increased to some extent after transfection with Mcl-1-shRNA plasmid compared with control group. The order of apoptotic rates was BCG > H37Ra > H37Rv≈XJ-MTB (P<0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased, while the expression of Bax at mRNA and protein levels was significantly increased. The changes in BCG infection group were the most significant, and the negative correlation between the Bcl-2/Bax ratio at mRNA level and the virulence of the MTB strains was observed (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Inhibition of Mcl-1 expression significantly promotes the apoptosis of peritoneal macrophages in mice infected with different virulence of MTB strains. The regulatory mechanism may be closely related to the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax and the virulence of MTB strains.