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1.
Hong-Xia Zhao Jun-Ming Cao An-Li Wang Zhen-Yu Du Chao-Xia Ye Yan-Hua Huang Han-Bing Lan Ting-Ting Zhou Guo-Li Li 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(1):145-158
β-1,3-Glucan at different dietary doses was administered to enhance the growth, immunity, and survival against nitrite stress
in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Four different diets supplemented with 0, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg of β-1,3-glucan kg−1 diets were fed to L. vannamei. Growth performance (weight gain and survival rate), physiological conditions (blood total protein, glucose, lactate, triacylglycerols,
cholesterol levels) and immunological responses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and alkaline
phosphatase activities) of shrimp were recorded after 84-day feeding and 120 h after exposed to nitrite-N. After 84-day feeding,
250 mg kg−1 β-1,3-glucan diet resulted in better weight gain (P < 0.05). Before the nitrite stress, blood lactate, triacylglycerols, and cholesterol level in shrimp fed with 250 mg kg−1 β-1,3-glucan diet were significantly higher than those observed in shrimp fed with other diets (P < 0.05). Higher activities of catalase, lysozyme, and alkaline phosphatase were observed in shrimp fed with 500 or 1,000 mg kg−1 β-1,3-glucan diet as compared to those obtained in shrimp fed with other diets (P < 0.05). After 120-h nitrite stress, blood protein, lactate, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase activities
in shrimp fed with 500 or 1,000 mg kg−1 β-1,3-glucan were significantly higher than those observed in shrimp fed with other diets (P < 0.05). Glucose and triacylglycerol levels of shrimp fed with 500 or 1,000 mg kg−1 β-1,3-glucan were significantly lower than those observed in other diets (P < 0.05). In shrimp fed with 500 and 1,000 mg kg−1 β-1,3-glucan and 120-h after nitrite stress, the mortality was significantly lower than that observed in shrimp of control.
Together, in this 84-day feeding trial, 250 mg kg−1 β-1,3-glucan improved growth, whereas 500 mg kg−1 β-1,3-glucan preferentially improved nitrite resistance, probably through accelerating energy metabolism and activating immune
system. 相似文献
2.
Tailiang Liu Hua Wen Ming Jiang Danning Yuan Pan Gao Yujiang Zhao Fan Wu Wei Liu 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(3):565-572
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary chromium picolinate supplement on growth and haematology
parameters of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Six diets with increasing dietary chromium picolinate levels 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg kg−1 were fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial weight of 12.78 ± 1.16 g, mean ± SD) in a flow water system for 10 weeks.
Fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.8 mg Cr kg−1 had significantly improved weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein retention
(PR). Fish fed high-chromium diets exhibited lower whole-body crude lipid contents than fish fed low-chromium diets. Liver
glycogen concentrations for fish fed the diet with 0.2 mg Cr kg−1 was the highest (77.67 mg g−1). Fish fed the diet supplemented with 1.6 and 3.2 mg Cr kg−1 had significantly lower liver glycogen concentrations than other groups (P < 0.05). The highest serum insulin concentrations were observed in fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.8 mg Cr kg−1, but serum insulin concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) when dietary supplementation of chromium was higher than 0.8 mg Cr kg−1. Cholesterol concentrations decreased in direct proportion to dietary chromium level and achieved the lowest level when the
fish were fed the 0.8 mg Cr kg−1 diet, but increased when the fish were fed the diet with more than 0.8 mg Cr kg−1 (P < 0.05). Fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.8 mg Cr kg−1 had higher triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations compared to other treatments. The
results of the present study suggested that chromium picolinate could modify serum carbohydrate and lipid metabolism profile,
and that the optimal dietary chromium level was 0.8 mg kg−1 for grass carp according to growth. 相似文献
3.
In order to investigate the effect of anesthesia on serum parameters, Beluga, Huso huso (L.) were blood-sampled immediately without anesthesia (control) or subjected to following anesthesia procedure: 40, 120,
and 240 s exposure to 3,000, 700, and 500 mg l−1 clove solution, respectively. Blood samples were collected after these periods, when fish were immobile and reached stage
4 anesthesia. Results showed that cortisol and glucose levels were significantly high in 700 and 500 but not 3,000 mg l−1 group compared to control. Serum lactate levels were significantly high in 500 mg l−1 group compared to control group. Lactate levels were not significantly differed between control, 3,000, and 700 mg l−1 groups. There were no significant differences in serum levels of cholesterol, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate
aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, Na+, Cl−, K+, and Ca2+. Results suggest that rapid anesthesia with higher dose is better than slow anesthesia with lower dose for blood sampling
in Beluga. 相似文献
4.
Gharaei A Esmaili-Sari A Jafari-Shamoshaki V Ghaffari M 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2008,34(4):473-482
Recently, there have been reports of increasing amounts of mercury (Hg) in muscles of beluga (Huso huso, Brandet 1869) in the Caspian Sea which exceeds its guideline level for food in the UK. Our intensive effort was to investigate
the effects of dietary methylmercury (MeHg) on Beluga bioenergetics. Beluga juveniles were fed with four diets containing
MeHg (control: 0.04 mg kg−1; low: 0.76 mg kg−1; medium: 7.88 mg kg−1; and high: 16.22 mg kg−1) for 70 days. There were significant differences in food consumption among the treatment groups. After 42 days, all individuals
of the high dose died. After 35 and 70 days, all treatment groups (low, medium and high) showed a significant decline in their
growth rate, unlike the control group. They also showed considerable lower specific growth rates (SGR) comparing to the control
group. All treatment groups assimilated the dietary MeHg into their muscle tissue in a dose-dependent manner. Assimilation
percent was significant among the treatment groups at days 35 and 70, but it was lower in the first 35 days than in the second
35 days. The data obtained from the dietary MeHg concentration and bioaccumulation rates were modeled for better natural resources
management of the Caspian Sea. 相似文献
5.
Qing-Kui Wang Cheng-Xun Chen Yong-Jun Guo Hai-Yun Zhao Jing-Feng Sun Shen Ma Ke-Zhi Xing 《Aquaculture International》2011,19(5):945-956
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) supplemented in diet on the innate cellular immune response and disease resistance in grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus. Fish were fed diets containing different doses of ASP (0, 500 and 3,000 mg kg−1 diet) for 12 weeks. After 12 week feeding, the respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity, and leukocytes proliferation
in head kidney were assayed. The functional immunity in terms of cumulative mortality was also assessed by a challenge with
live Edwardsiella tarda. Results showed that the respiratory burst activities in ASP-supplemented groups were increased significantly. The respiratory
burst index was the highest in fish-fed 3000 mg kg−1 diet and the lowest in control. The phagocytic activities in ASP-supplemented groups were significantly higher than that
of control. No significant difference in phagocytic activity was observed between ASP-supplemented groups. ASP stimulated
the head kidney leukocytes proliferation significantly, despite the absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or not. The cumulative
mortalities of fish fed with 3000 mg ASP kg−1 diet were significantly lower than those fed with 500 mg ASP kg−1 diet and control diet after 96 h of challenge. In conclusion, dietary ASP enhanced some cellular immune parameters and disease
resistance against E. tarda in grouper. 相似文献
6.
Y. Durmaz M. Donato M. Monteiro L. Gouveia M. L. Nunes T. Gama Pereira Ş. Gökpınar N. M. Bandarra 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(4):391-399
Diacronema vlkianum was grown in polyethylene bags at two different temperatures (18 and 26°C) in the laboratory. The biochemical composition
level decreased when the temperature increased from 18 to 26°C. The maximum cell number at 18°C was 11.9 × 106 cells ml−1, while maximum cell number at 26°C was 1.6 × 106 cells ml−1. The maximum level of α-tocopherol was 257.7 ± 21.6 μg g−1 dry weight (DW) at 18°C. The highest total carotenoids and chlorophylls were 6.5 mg g−1 DW and 4.3 mg g−1 DW, respectively, and the main pigments were determined as astaxanthin and lutein. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were found
to be the predominant group, reaching 39.5% of the total fatty acids at 18°C. This comprised 20:5(n − 3) as the main polyunsaturated
fatty acids (20.4%, at 18°C) followed by 22:6(n − 3) (4.8%, at 18°C). The results suggest that D. vlkianum can be successfully used as feed in shellfish hatcheries or aquaculture hatcheries, either as a substitute or in association
with other microalgae, when this algae is cultured at 18°C. 相似文献
7.
The effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of the allogynogenetic
crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, was investigated. XOS was added to fish basal semi-purified diets at three concentrations by dry feed weight: diet 1, 50 mg kg−1; diet 2, 100 mg kg−1; diet 3, 200 mg kg−1, respectively. Twelve aquaria (n = 20) with three replicates for each treatment group (diets 1–3) and control treated without XOS were used. Weights of all
collected carp from each aquarium were determined at the initial phase and at the end of the experiment, and the carp survival
was also determined by counting the individuals in each aquarium. After 45 days, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the relative gain rate (RGR), and daily weight gain (DWG) of diets 1–3 were compared with the control. However,
the survival rate was not affected (P > 0.05) by the dietary treatments. For enzymatic analysis, dissection produced a crude mixture of intestine and hepatopancreas
of each segment to measure. The protease activity in the intestine and hepatopancreas content of fish in diet 2 (487.37 ± 20.58 U g−1 and 20.52 ± 1.93 U g−1) were significantly different (P < 0.05) from that in the control (428.13 ± 23.26 U g−1 and 12.81 ± 1.52 U g−1) and diet 3 (428.00 ± 23.78 U g−1 and 14.04 ± 1.59 U g−1). Amylase activity in the intestine was significantly higher for diet 2 compared to diet 1 and the control. As for amylase
in the hepatopancreas, assays showed higher activity in diet 2 (P < 0.05) compared to the rest. 相似文献
8.
Amino acid composition and heavy metal concentration were examined in organic and conventional Chinese shrimp Penaeus chinensis production systems during the production cycle. The crude protein and total amino acid contents for organic shrimp samples
were 0.932 and 0.945 mg/g d.w., while they were 0.849 and 0.826 mg/g d.w., respectively, for conventionally produced samples.
The ratios of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids in organic and conventional cultured shrimp were 0.58 and
0.63, respectively. Shrimp samples from the conventional system were significantly richer in Cu (2.28 vs. 1.53 mg kg−1), Pb (0.13 vs. 0.08 mg kg−1), Cd (0.09 vs. 0.04 mg kg−1), and Zn (9.94 vs. 8.42 mg kg−1) when compared with those obtained from the organic system. It is concluded that organic shrimp production systems can produce
comparable growth and nutritional quality benefits. 相似文献
9.
J. Thawonsuwan V. Kiron S. Satoh A. Panigrahi V. Verlhac 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(3):687-697
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a very potent antioxidant derived from green tea, was compared with vitamin E in terms
of its effects on antioxidant defense and immune response of rainbow trout, by means of a feeding trial of eight weeks. Two
of the experimental diets were supplemented with EGCG at either 20 or 100 mg kg−1 diet (which contained only 30% of the intended levels) and the third was provided with 100 mg kg−1 vitamin E but not EGCG. The control diet was not supplemented with the test components. Observation of tissue levels indicated
that the high amount of EGCG helped to increase the availability of the lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin E. The lower levels
of lipid hydroperoxide in the liver of fish fed the higher amount of EGCG suggested that it was an effective antioxidant.
Considering the immune indices, EGCG and vitamin E at 100 mg (actual amounts 31.9 and 94.1 mg kg−1 diet, respectively) had identical capabilities in improving phagocytic activity and controlling hydrogen peroxide production
by leucocytes. However, EGCG could possibly be more effective at enhancing serum lysozyme activity and the alternative complement
activity. This work revealed the potential of EGCG as an antioxidant and an immunostimulant for rainbow trout, at least at
the inclusion level of 32 mg kg−1 diet. 相似文献
10.
Ahmad Gharaei Fereidoun Mahboudi Abbas Esmaili-Sari Rozita Edalat Ahmad Adeli Saeed Keyvanshokooh 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(3):803-817
Two gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) isoforms were identified in the beluga (Huso huso) brain by cDNA sequencing: prepro-mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and prepro-chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). The nucleotide sequences
of the beluga mGnRH and cGnRH-II precursors are 273 and 258 base pairs (bp) long, encoding peptides of 91 and 86 amino acids,
respectively. To investigate the effect of methylmercury (MeHg) on GnRH gene expression, animals were fed with four diets
containing increasing levels of MeHg (0 mg kg−1 [control]; 0.76 mg kg−1 [low]; 7.8 mg kg−1 [medium]; 16.22 mg kg−1 [high]) for 32 days. The effects of MeHg on brain GnRH mRNA levels were evaluated by real-time PCR. A significant decrease
in brain mGnRH and cGnRH-II mRNA levels were detected in fish receiving high dietary MeHg dose compared to controls on day
11 (P < 0.05). On day 18 and 32, all treatment groups had significantly lower brain mGnRH and cGnRH-II mRNA levels compared to
the control group (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate a disruptive role of MeHg on the level of brain mGnRH and cGnRH-II mRNAs in immature
beluga. 相似文献
11.
Imtiaz Ahmed 《Aquaculture International》2011,19(3):567-584
An 15 week two set of feeding experiments were conducted to determine the dietary niacin requirement of Indian major carp
fingerlings Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala, using casein gelatin–based diet. In both experiments, six isonitrogenous (40%) and isoenergetic (15.35 kJ g−1) test diet, with graded levels of niacin (0–50 mg kg−1 dry diet) in gradation of 10 mg kg−1 dry diet, were formulated. In first experiment, fingerling of L. rohita (4.20 ± 1.22 cm; 0.632 ± 0.67 gm) were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 55-L indoor polyvinyl flow-through system
(1.5 L min−1) and fed experimental diet at 0800 and 1600 h. Maximum live weight gain (1214%), feed conversion ratio (1.55) and protein
efficiency ratio (1.60) were recorded at 30 mg dietary niacin diet. In second experiment, C. mrigala (4.50 ± 1.25 cm, 0.665 ± 0.88) were stocked in same setup. At the end of experiments, maximum live weight gain (1248%), FCR
(1.47) and PER (1.70) occurred at 30 mg dietary niacin diet. However, the weight gain, FCR and PER data were analyzed by polynomial
regression analysis indicating the requirement of niacin for L. rohita at 36.69, 33.06 and 32.0 mg kg−1, respectively, and for C. mrigala at 35.19, 28.69 and 27.70 mg kg−1 of dry diet, respectively. Whole body composition also showed significant (P < 0.05) differences among each other. On the basis of regression analysis of growth data, it is recommended that the diet
for fingerlings should contain niacin at 33 and 30 mg kg−1 dry diet for L. rohita and C. mrigala, respectively. 相似文献
12.
Juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) (total length 15.16 ± 0.92 cm and weight 19.26 ± 4.5 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia–N (unionized
plus ionized ammonia as nitrogen), using the static renewal method at different salinity levels of 5, 20, and 35‰ at pH 8.1
and 25°C. The 24, 48, 72, 96 h LC50 values of ammonia–N for R. canadum juveniles were 60.28, 48.57, 37.42, 22.73 mg l−1 at 35‰; 51.25, 43.63, 28.17, 19.05 mg l−1 at 20‰; and 39.48, 25.31, 19.50, 8.13 mg l−1 at 5‰, respectively. The 24, 48, 72, 96 h LC50 values of NH3–N (unionized ammonia as nitrogen) were 1.81, 1.46, 1.12, and 0.68 mg l−1 at 35‰; 1.75, 1.49, 0.96, and 0.65 mg l−1 at 20‰; and 1.52, 0.97, 0.71, and 0.31 mg l−1 at 5‰, respectively. As the salinity decreased from 35 to 5‰, susceptibility of ammonia–N increased by 34.5, 47.88, 50.56,
and 64.23% after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h exposure, respectively. Furthermore, we found that exposure of fish to ammonia–N caused
an increase in oxygen consumption of 129.1, 157.5, and 192% and a decrease in the ammonia excretion level of 53.4, 38.2, and
23.3% with respect to the control. 相似文献
13.
Zhongming Zheng Chunhua Jin Mingyun Li Peifeng Bai Shuanglin Dong 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(6):581-589
The metabolic responses of the juvenile Miichthys miiuy in terms of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion to changes in temperature (6–25°C) and salinity (16–31 ppt) were investigated.
At a constant salinity of 26 ppt, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of the fish increased with an increase in temperature
and ranged between 133.38 and 594.96 μg O2 h−1 g−1 DW. The effect of temperature on OCR was significant (P < 0.01). Q10 coefficients were 6.80, 1.41, 1.29 and 2.36 at temperatures of 6–10, 10–15, 15–20 and 20–25°C, respectively, suggesting that
the juveniles of M. miiuy will be well adapted to the field temperature in the summer, but not in the winter. The ammonium excretion rates (AER) of
the fish were also affected significantly by temperature (P < 0.01). The O:N ratio at temperatures of 6, 10, 15 and 20°C ranged from 13.12 to 20.91, which was indicative of a protein-dominated
metabolism, whereas the O:N at a temperature of 25°C was 51.37, suggesting that protein-lipids were used as an energy substrate.
At a constant temperature of 15°C, the OCRs of the fish ranged between 334.14 (at 31 ppt) and 409.68 (at 16 ppt) μg O2 h−1 g−1 DW. No significant differences were observed in the OCR and AER of the juveniles between salinities of 26 and 31 ppt (P > 0.05). The OCR and AER at 16 ppt were, however, significantly higher than those at 26 and 31 ppt (P < 0.05), indicating salinity lower than 16 ppt is presumably stressful to M. miiuy juveniles. 相似文献
14.
Ahmad Gharaei Mostafa Ghaffari Saeed Keyvanshokooh Reza Akrami 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(3):485-493
In this paper, effects of dietary methylmercury (MeHg) on several blood biochemical parameters including GLU (glucose), LDH
(lactate dehydrogenase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and
cortisol were investigated in the Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). Beluga juveniles were fed for 32 days on four diets containing MeHg (control: 0.04 mg kg−1; low: 0.76 mg kg−1; medium: 7.88 mg kg−1; and high 16.22 mg kg−1 treatment). Significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in all biochemical parameters, except ALP levels, which decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the control group with either dose- or time-dependent effects. These results suggest that long-term dietary
MeHg exposure may affect metabolic enzyme activity and glucose levels in Belugas. These findings provide useful information
for environmental and fishery officials to apply in future decisions for managing fish resources in Caspian Sea. 相似文献
15.
M. Banni Z. Bouraoui J. Ghedira C. Clerandeau H. Guerbej J. F. Narbonne H. Boussetta 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(2):293-299
In the present study biotransformation and detoxification responses to acute exposure to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) were investigated in the liver of Sparus aurata (sea bream). Sexually immature gilthead sea bream were treated by intraperitoneal injection of B[a]P (20 mg kg−1) for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. B[a]P accumulation was quantified in sea bream liver by mean of gas phase chromatography (GPC-MS)
after the various exposure periods. The following biological responses were measured: (1) ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, as a phase I biotransformation parameter; (2) liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity as a phase II conjugation enzyme. DNA damage was assessed over time using the single-cell gel
electrophoresis comet assay. B[a]P bioaccumulation in the liver resulted in a biphasic curve with an increasing uptake up
to 5.55 ± 0.67 μg g−1 dry weight after only 6 h exposure and 4.67 ± 0.68 μg g−1 dry weight after 48 h exposure. EROD activity showed a nonsymmetrical bell-shaped kinetic with a maximum at 24 h and lower
but significant activities at 12 and 48 h with respect to control animals. Hepatic GST activities were only significant after
48 h exposure. Comet assay showed an increase in liver cells DNA damage with a maximum after 48 h exposure reaching up to
12.17 %DNA in the tail. 相似文献
16.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary riboflavin on antioxidant defense in the juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides. Graded levels of riboflavin (0.9, 1.6, 4.4, 6.7, 12.9 and 19.4 mg kg−1 dry diet) were fed to grouper juveniles (mean weight: 14.90 ± 0.46 g) for 12 weeks. Higher levels of liver thiobarbituric
acid reactive substances (TBARS) content were observed in grouper fed low doses (0.9 and 1.6 mg kg−1 diet) of riboflavin. Both liver glutathione reductase (GR) activity and its activation coefficient (GR-AC) poorly responded
to riboflavin deficiency. In addition, other indices of the glutathione-dependent defense system, including the activities
of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and the content of glutathione (GSH), were also non-significantly
affected by dietary riboflavin levels. However, the activities of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were
significantly lower in fish fed 0.9 mg kg−1 diet, with a positive correlation between the different groups. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the juvenile
grouper fed the riboflavin-unsupplemented diet was susceptible to lipid peroxidation (LPO), with lower SOD and CAT activities
in the liver. However, the glutathione-dependent defense system of grouper was not affected by dietary riboflavin levels. 相似文献
17.
Teleost fish lack the enzyme for endogenous synthesis of ascorbic acid (AA), an essential micronutrient for fish. The aim
of this study was to examine the effect of higher levels of dietary vitamin C on growth, nutritional quality, and immunomodulation
in the Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita). Four groups of L. rohita were fed experimental diets containing either no vitamin C (control) or supplemented with vitamin C at 500 mg kg−1 (Exp-1), 1000 mg kg−1 (Exp-2), or 1500 mg kg−1 (Exp-3) for 60 days. Growth parameters (NWG, ADG, and SGR), serological parameters (TSP, TSA, TSG, and A:G), haematological
parameters (TLC, TEC, Hct, MCV, and MCH), and different non-specific immunological parameters (PR, PI, respiratory burst activity,
and bactericidal activity) were evaluated during the experimental trial. Fish fed a vitamin C-supplemented diet showed higher
specific growth rate (SGR) up to 1000 mg kg−1 compared with control fish. Different haematological and serological parameters along with non-specific immune parameters
were influenced by vitamin C supplementation. Among the non-specific immune parameters phagocytic activity (PR and PI) and
respiratory burst activity (NBT cells) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhanced by increasing doses of vitamin C supplementation. Higher levels of dietary vitamin C significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhanced protection against Aeromonas hydrophila (AH1) infection compared with controls. Results from this study help to establish the beneficial effect of vitamin C on growth
and immunmodulation in rohu (L. rohita). 相似文献
18.
Eliška Sudová Veronika Piačková Hana Kroupová Martin Pijáček Zdeňka Svobodová 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(4):599-605
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of the anthelminthic, praziquantel, on the haematological and biochemical indices
of the blood of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish were divided into six groups: two groups received 30 mg kg−1 body weight (bw) of praziquantel, and two groups were given 50 mg kg−1 bw of praziquantel mixed into the heat-treated amyloid vehicle. Fish in the remaining two groups were given only the amyloid
vehicle and were used as controls. Fish were examined either 24 or 96 h after administration. Praziquantel treatment was characterised
by a significantly lower erythrocyte count, haemoglobin level, packed cell volume and total protein at both dose levels after
24 h compared with the controls, but these parameters were similar to the control values at 96 h. The activity of alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly higher after 96 h in the treated groups, which could be attributed to slight hepatocyte
damage caused by praziquantel. However, the differences between the treated and the control groups were not great, and we
presumed that they were reversible. 相似文献
19.
Outbreaks of mass mortality of postlarval abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, have occurred in south China since 2002 and have forced many abalone farms to close. About 30 representative bacterial strains
were isolated from a sample of five diseased postlarval abalone, taken 25 days post-fertilization during an outbreak of postlarval
disease in Shenzhen, China, in October 2006. Bacterial challenge tests showed that the predominant strain, designated as strain
22, was highly virulent to postlarvae with an LD50 value of 7.8 × 104 colony forming units (CFU) ml−1, while four of the other isolates were weakly virulent with LD50 values ranging from 1 × 106 to 1 × 107 CFU ml−1, and the remaining 25 isolates were classified as avirulent with LD50 values greater than 1 × 108 CFU ml−1. By means of API 20NE and 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing analyses, strain 22 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that strain 22 exhibited around 75% of susceptibility to 16 various antibiotics tested.
The results of this study show P. aeruginosa as one of the bacteria involved in the mortality of abalone postlarvae in Shenzhen, China. 相似文献
20.
Chunqiang Hou Fang Wang Shuanglin Dong Yujie Zhu Ting Yu 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(1):177-188
A 50-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of constant Ca2+ concentration in salinity fluctuations on growth and energy budget of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. The salinity and Ca2+ concentration of control group S0 were kept 30‰ and 385 mg l−1, respectively throughout the experiment while the ranges of salinity fluctuations of the treatment groups S5 and S5C, S10
and S10C, S15 and S15C, S20 and S20C were 5, 10, 15, and 20‰, respectively. The Ca2+ concentration of the treatment groups S5, S10, S15, and S20 (salinity fluctuation groups) changed with salinities, while
the Ca2+ concentration of the treatment groups S5C, S10C, S15C, and S20C (constant Ca2+ concentration groups) was kept 385 mg l−1 during the experiment. The results were as follows: (1) There were no significant differences in SGR of shrimp in salinity
fluctuation groups (P > 0.05); But shrimp in the groups S15C and S20C had significantly higher SGR than those in the groups S5C and S0 in constant
Ca2+ concentration groups (P < 0.05); (2) Results of the t test showed that significant differences in SGR were also found between S15 and S15C (P = 0.012), and between S20 and S20C (P = 0.013); (3) The shrimp in groups S15C and S20C deposited significantly more energy for growth and spent significantly less
energy in respiration than those in groups S15 and S20 (P < 0.05), respectively. These results showed that compared with constant salinity and fluctuating salinities, the growth performance
of shrimp under constant Ca2+ concentration in large ranges of salinity fluctuations could be better. 相似文献