有机茶园茶叶病虫综合防治技术

我国自2001年4月启动"无公害食品行动计划"后,邵武市通过近5年的无公害茶园建设和技术推广实践,已建无公害茶园1万多亩,其中有3024亩的有机茶园的茶叶通过欧盟有机茶论证,成功地拿到了出口欧洲市场的"绿卡".茶园病虫综合防治技术在有机茶园建设中显得由为重要,也是一线从事茶园管理的多数茶农较难把握的一项技术措施.现就有机茶园茶叶病虫综合防治技术提出可行的技术措施,旨在从源头上引导茶农在完善茶园立体生态环境,科学施肥的基础上,进行更为合理有效的病虫综合防治.     

跟着植保专家认茶树病虫——访《茶树病虫及天敌图谱》主编唐美君、肖强研究员

正我国是世界上茶园面积最大、茶叶产量最多的国家。据统计,至2017年我国茶园面积已达305.5万hm2,茶叶产量267.9万t,约占世界茶园面积的65%,茶叶产量的45%。茶树种植过程中,病虫防治是一个重要的环节。正确识别病虫,认识和了解天敌习性是病虫科学防治的前提,同时也是减少茶园用药、提高茶叶质量安全水平的关键。但是茶园病虫和天敌种类繁多,据不完全统计,我国茶园病虫害种类     

山区茶园主要病虫害无公害防治技术要点

无公害茶叶生产已成为全国茶区一个热点 ,发展无公害茶叶已成为当前山区茶农致富奔小康的重要途径。但是 ,无公害茶叶生产中一些技术问题 ,特别是病虫害无公害防治技术在一定程度上制约着无公害茶叶的发展 ,亟待解决。本文根据丽水市无公害茶叶生产实践 ,就山区茶园病虫害无公害防治的有关技术作一阐述。1　山区茶园病虫害无公害防治的思路无公害茶园病虫害防治应实行综合防治 ,即从茶园生态系的整体平衡来考虑 ,不要只局限于防治对象 ,既要考虑当时当地的病虫种类 ,还要考虑到未来和环境保护 ,既要考虑当前的利益和效益 ,更要考虑长远的影…     

茶树保护知识普及讲座(一)

茶树病虫防治是茶园栽培管理的主要措施之一,它关系到茶叶多收少收甚至有收无收,直接影响经济效益。目前,我国80％的茶园由专业户和承包户经营,从一些来信和来访者反映的问题看,许多专业户尚缺乏病虫防治的基本知识,从而使茶叶生产遭受损失。为此,本刊在本园地中将连续刊载茶树保护的基础知识,以帮助广大茶农战胜茶树病虫害,确保茶叶生产丰收。     

无公害茶园管理安全用药是关键

发展无公害茶叶是当今茶叶生产的热点。在无公害茶园的病虫防治中，应认真做好以下六方面的工作，才能降低农药残留，使茶叶中的农残符合无公害茶叶的要求。     

茶园科学用药技术要点

<正>茶叶质量安全关系到千万消费者的健康,推广应用茶树病虫绿色综合防控技术,是实现生产安全、质量安全和农业生态环境安全的保障。为此,做好茶园科学安全用药尤为重要,其主要措施是"以农业防治为基础,协调利用物理防治,优先采用生物防治,科学合理应用化学防治"的综合防治技术,创造有利于茶叶生产、不利于病虫为害的生态环境,使茶叶产品中的农药残留量符合食品安全要求,达到优质、安全、高效的目的。     

茶树病虫综合防治讲座 第一讲 茶树病虫综合防治的概念和内容

解放以来,浙江的茶叶生产一靠政策,二靠科学,获得了迅速的发展,总产量和单产都有大幅度上升。但随着生产的发展,茶树病虫害也有加重的趋势。六十年代以来,尽管在病虫防治技术上有了提高,但病虫发生数量并未减少,为害程度仍很严重,新的病虫时有发生,防治成本直线上升,还出现茶叶中农药残留和害虫抗药性现象。这些现象的产生是和对综合防治的概念理解不全面,片面强调化学防治有关。为了进一步提高病虫防治技术水平,从本期起,特开辟《茶园病虫综合防治》讲座,计划从综合防治的概念,农业防治,生物防治,化学防治,防治指标,预测预报等方面分十个专题进行介绍,希望能对振兴我省的茶叶有所贡献。     

山区茶园病虫综合防治技术探讨与实践

针对山区茶园病虫害发生与防治现状,在搞清茶园主要病虫种类及发生规律与主要天敌种类的基础上,采取了综合的防治措施。从试验示范到大面积实践,均表现了较好的经济效益,减轻了病虫为害,茶叶产量有了不同程度提高,农药成本平均降低     

浅谈茶园常见虫害的为害状及防治措施

<正>茶业是福建的九大支柱产业之一。茶叶在生产过程中,不可避免要受到有害生物危害,要做到既控制病虫为害,又保证茶叶无有毒有害物质残留,必须从茶园生态系的整体平衡出发,以农业防治为基础,充分利用生态控害措施和茶树自身的抗耐病虫能力,实施有害生物综合治理技术。现将几种常见虫害的为害状和防治措施介绍如下,为广大茶叶科技工作者和茶叶生产者提供参考。     

茶园病虫杂草化防的现状及对策

使用化学农药防治茶园病虫、杂草,具有作用快、效果好、使用方便等优点,易为群众接受,是茶园病虫、杂草综合治理中的重要措施之一。本文就我省茶园病虫杂草化防的现状、存在问题及对策,提出管见。一、茶园化防的历史和现状建国以来,随着茶叶生产的发展,几千亩、上万亩成片垦荒、单植被地种植茶树,     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。