设施农业技术(续1)

设施农业生产设施多种多样,风障畦、阳畦和改良阳畦、温床、地膜覆盖、防雨棚、塑料拱棚和塑料大棚、日光温室、现代连栋温室、植物工厂等都可以归属于设施农业设施,但目前我们所说的设施农业一般是指以日光温室和塑料大棚为主要设施的农业生产方式。     

设施农业

设施农业什么是设施农业“设施农业”是外来语词汇。就是利用农业工程手段，通过现代设施，实现的部分人工控制环境的种植业和养殖业。近年来，发达国家的“设施农业”已向“工厂化农业”过渡，如荷兰的计算机自控连栋大型温室，以色列的半自动连栋塑料大棚以及法国、日本...     

设施农业中常用的温室

<正>温室是指能控制或部分控制植物生长环境的建筑物。主要用于非季节性或非地域性的植物栽培、生产经营、科学研究、加代育种和观赏植物栽培等。北方地区多用于低温季节喜温蔬菜、花卉、林木等植物栽培或育苗等,寒冷地区利用温室农业技术也能获得多种农产品。设施温室按技术类别一般分为连栋温室、日光温室、塑料大棚、小拱棚4类。     

青岛市设施农业机械化现状与发展对策

近几年,随着农业生产的转方式调结构,蔬菜生产特别是冬暖式塑料大棚的快速发展,为设施农业机械化提供了良好的发展机遇,各类高效农业示范园区的建设及其发挥的示范带动作用加快了设施农业机械化的发     

清徐县秋季连栋塑料大棚小气候特征分析

清徐县塑料大棚发展迅速,设施农业给人们带来了可观的社会效益和经济效益。本文通过分析晴天、多云、阴天三种不同天气状况下秋季8月、9月、10月清徐县农试站连栋塑料大棚(孔村)气温、相对湿度、地温,与清徐县国家一般气象站室外数据对比,探讨大棚内小气候变化特征规律,提出连栋塑料大棚管理建议,为清徐县设施农业增产增收和防灾减灾提供气象保障服务。     

微灌技术在设施农业中的应用

<正>我国是设施农业生产大国,目前我国设施农业的种类很多,形式各异,有塑料大棚、日光温室、玻璃温室等,其中广泛应用的是塑料大棚、中棚和日光温室。据不完全统计,2012年我国设施园艺面积386万hm2,设施园艺产业净产值为5 800多亿元。在种植结构上,主要以种植各种蔬菜瓜果、花卉和经济作物为主,其中蔬菜瓜果占有很大比重。在设施农业生产过程中,灌溉施肥是不可缺少的。传统的漫灌和沟畦灌方式,不仅费水费工,而且灌溉的效果也较差,影响作物产量和品质,已不能适应设施生产的需要。近     

塑料大棚不同灌水方法效应浅析

塑料大棚是一种现代化农业栽培设施。它能对蔬菜进行非时令生产,调节市场淡季供应,有显著的经济效益和社会效益。近年来,塑料大棚在我国发展很快,面积约10万亩。在塑料大棚内采用传统的沟畦浇水,水量大,造成早春、晚秋棚内湿度大,病害加     

北京市设施农业台账信息综合管理系统建设

建设北京市设施农业台账信息综合管理系统,实现对北京市日光温室、塑料大棚、连栋温室等农业设施入账管理.按照编码规则对入账农业设施进行编码,实现一村一册、一棚一码,做到农业设施在账在册,编码上棚,进一步规范设施农业基层数据统计工作,实现设施农业台账的动态管理,提高北京设施农业管理的信息化、数字化、精细化水平,为服务蔬菜产业...     

甘肃设施农业设备的发展措施

甘肃省设施农业分设施种植和设施养殖两种。设施种植发展比较快,设施养殖量相对较小。设施种植主要以连栋温室、日光温室、塑料大棚、中小拱棚4种类型为主;设施养殖主要以设施畜牧暖棚养殖为主,     

什么是设施农业

“设施农业”是外来语词汇,就是利用农业工程手段,通过现代设施实现的部分人工控制环境的种植业和养殖业。近年来,发达国家的“设施农业”已向“工厂化农业”过渡,如荷兰的计算机自控连栋大型温室,以色列的半自动连栋塑料大棚以及法国、日本等国家的封闭式循环流水鱼类养殖车间(平台、工船)等。 “设施农业” 的关键作用,就是能够解决农业生产若干必须的气候条件     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.