广西龙荔遗传多样性的ISSR分析

选用l2条ISSR引物组合分析了广西67个龙荔单株和10个龙眼品种（单株）、12个荔枝品种以及l0个野生荔枝单株的遗传多样性,均得到了清晰指纹。在所扩增的151条ISSR主带中,有127条具有多态性,多态性比率占84.11%。所用引物可将供试的品种（单株）区分开来。供试龙荔单株的遗传相似系数在0.61~0.97,表明广...     

核用银杏品种遗传关系的AFLP分析

采用AFLP技术对34份核用银杏品种进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。结果表明：8对AFLP引物组合共扩增出1 337条谱带,多态带百分率为99.63%;品种间的遗传相似系数在0.2915 ~ 0.6812之间,平均值为0.4911;在相似系数为0.50时供试品种可分为4大类;依据AFLP结果建立了核用银杏品种指纹图谱。核用银杏4个类型的Nei’s遗传多样性指数范围为0.1392 ~ 0.2014,总体为0.2112,Shannon’s信息指数范围为0.2138 ~ 0.3165,总体为0.3417;4个类型品种间的遗传分化系数为0.0871,基因流为5.4230。结合特异位点、相似系数、聚类结果等筛选出8份核用银杏优质品种。     

大花蕙兰遗传多样性及亲缘关系的AFLP分析

对来源于日本、韩国和美国的42个大花蕙兰品种和两个国产兰属原生种进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系的AFLP分析, 9对多态性引物在50～500 bp内共扩增出1 597条带, 其中多态性带1 565条, 多态性比率9810%。单引物对扩增的带数156～193条, 平均每对引物扩增带数177条。42个品种具特征带或缺失带。大花蕙兰品种间的遗传多样性丰富, 品种间的相似系数0.3399 ～0.8223, 平均相似系数0.5783。UPGMA聚类结果将供试品种分为4大类, 与根据花枝类型或花径大小、花色等形态指标分类的结果相吻合, 同一产地来源甚至同一育种公司选育出的品种能基本上聚类在一起, 反映出了品种间的亲缘关系。     

苹果属部分观赏品种与中国野生种的亲缘关系

 采用AFLP分子标记技术对47种苹果属植物进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析，其中24个为国外引进的观赏海棠品种。结果表明，筛选出的10对分辨率强的引物共扩增出589条带，其中多态性带534条，多态位点百分率达90.66%。观赏海棠品种在DNA分子水平上表现出极为丰富的遗传多样性。基于Jaccard系数对AFLP扩增结果进行UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean)聚类，以相似系数0.60为标准，将供试材料分为8组，以相似系数0.59为标准，将观赏海棠品种分为4组。分析认为，供试的24个观赏海棠品种中有22个品种与我国原产的苹果属植物亲缘关系较近。     

龙眼24个品种的SCoT遗传多样性分析

利用SCoT标记对24份龙眼品种资源进行了检测。从80条引物中筛选出24条重复性好,条带清晰的引物进行PCR扩增,共扩增出211条带,其中181条具有多态性,多态性带比率为85.8%。24个龙眼品种间遗传相似系数在0.65 ~ 0.86之间,说明SCoT标记能够揭示材料间较高的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析显示,SCoT标记能将24份龙眼品种完全区分开,并分成两类。     

冬瓜和节瓜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD分子标记技术对41份冬瓜和节瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。从455条随机引物中筛选出23条能产生稳定多态性扩增谱带的引物用于RAPD分析,共产生143条扩增谱带,其中多态性谱带81条,多态性检测率为56.6%,表明冬瓜和节瓜种质资源在分子水平上具有丰富的遗传多样性。用NTSYSpc软件处理RAPD数据,41份材料间的遗传相似系数在0.60～0.99之间。聚类分析结果可将供试材料分为6大类群9个亚类,主坐标分析可将供试材料分为6大类群10个亚类。两种分类方法的结果基本一致。     

菊花品种资源遗传多样性的AFLP分析

以AFLP—银染分子标记技术, 对45个菊花品种进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。选用10个多态性高、分辨力强的E + 3 /M + 3引物组合分别对供试材料的基因组DNA进行扩增, 共获得486条清晰可辨的条带, 其中多态性带451条, 平均每个引物组合可检测出4511个多态性位点, 多态性位点百分率高达92.80% , 这表明供试品种资源在DNA水平上酶切位点的分布存在广泛的变异。应用DPS软件计算供试品种遗传距离界于0.36000～0.86237之间, 平均为0.611185; UPGMA分析将45份资源分成6个类群,从相异性系数分析了各品种资源间的亲缘关系。     

基于ISSR标记的红花檵木品种亲缘关系分析

采用ISSR分子标记技术对红花檵木41个品种的遗传多样性进行了分析。从60条ISSR引物中筛选出14条引物分别对供试材料基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得203条清晰可辨谱带,其中多态性带148条,多态位点百分率为72.9%。应用NTSYS-pc（version 2.10e）软件计算得到各品种间的Jaccard相似系数介于0.626 ~ 0.926之间。用UPGMA法将41个品种分成5个类群,支持叶色作为最高分类等级,其次应重视花瓣形状的利用,这两个性状最为稳定且能反映品种间系统演化;同时由于品种起源和选育的原因,品种分类还应适当考虑育种过程及其亲本的性状;花色、叶形、分枝性等变化没有明显规律,不宜作为太高的分类等级。     

应用AFLP分子标记鉴定苹果品种

在建立苹果品种AFLP分析体系的基础上，从68对引物中筛选出了4对多态性高、分辨能力强的引物（即P32M46、P44M53、P59M41和P79M61）。分析了P32M46引物绘制的我国25个苹果重要品种的AFLP指纹图谱的遗传多样性，确定了各供试品种的差异带，区分子供试的25个苹果品种。对AFLP分析的关键步骤进行了讨论，并对生产上应用AFLP技术检测苹果品种真实性和纯度作了展望。     

龙眼品种(系)遗传多样性及亲缘关系的AFLP分析

 选用两对引物组合EcoRⅠ ACT+MseⅠ CTT和 EcoRⅠ ACT+MseⅠ CTC对46份龙眼材料进行AFLP分析，共得到扩增位点111个，其中多态性位点103个，多态性比例达92.69%，区分率达100%。对AFLP扩增结果进行聚类分析，根据相似系数0.76的水平可将46份龙眼品种(系)分为11个品种群。供试各品种多态性比例介于0.2703和0.4955间。福建东壁与广东东壁应为不同品系；早熟一号为一个新的品系。     

Genetic diversity of Dimocarpus longan in China revealed by AFLP markers and partial rbcL gene sequences

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and partial rbcL gene sequencing were used to investigate genetic diversity among various longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) accessions as well as a presumed closely related species Dimocarpus confinis How et Ho and litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn). No significantly shared AFLP fragment was found between the three species, indicating that D. confinis and litchi are very far in genetic distance from any longan accession studied. Partial rbcL sequences of 501 bp from the first coding site in these species were obtained, which revealed several substitutes. One such DNA base pair substitute resulted in an amino acid difference between longan and litchi. Furthermore, another 4 bp resulted in a two amino acid difference between longan and D. confinis, which was consistent with AFLP results and indicated that D. confinis should be excluded from the longan genus, Dimocarpus. Within the longan species, no DNA substitute was found. Using nine primer combinations, a total of 66 AFLP markers were obtained from 41 longan accessions. One non-Chinese longan accession ‘Miaoqiao’ was distinctly different from all other longan cultivars collected in China, indicating that more genetic resources of longan might be collected also from longan production regions outside of China. AFLP markers might be developed to identify longan cultivars as well as expedite progeny screening in breeding programs of this perennial fruit tree.     

部分板栗品种遗传多样性的AFLP分析

利用荧光标记AFLP技术,采用7对M+3和E+3引物组合对30份板栗和日本栗栽培品种进行了总基因组DNA水平上的多态性检测,共获得962条可统计的条带,其中852条呈多态性,多态性带百分率达89％。揭示了板栗丰富的遗传多样性。7组引物在30个品种中检测到数目不等的品种特异带型,对供试板栗品种具有一定的鉴别价值。7对引物能将30个板栗和日本栗品种完全区分开。聚类分析结果表明,多数来源地相同的板栗品种资源表现出较为密切的亲缘关系。     

龙眼栽培起源的孢粉学研究

在前人工作的基础上，对我国５个龙眼产区１４个具代表性主要品种和野生种的花粉形态进行了观察。根据龙眼品种间花粉的萌发孔结构差异，论证了我国龙眼品种在系统位置上的多样性和连续性，认为龙眼栽培起源于我国的南部和西南部。其次，以我国不同产区龙眼品种花粉外壁纹饰的纹理差别，结合植物地理学和生物进化学分析，提出我国云南为龙眼起源的初生中心，广东、广西和海南为龙眼起源的次生中心。     

龙眼属rDNA的ITS序列分析

为了讨论龙眼属(Dimocarpus Lour.)的遗传多样性及鉴别技术,运用克隆测序法测定了主产区龙眼(Dimo-carpus longan Lour)品种及其近缘种龙荔[Dimocarpus confinis(Howet Ho)H.S.Lo.]的核糖体DNA中的内转录间隔区(ITS)序列(包括ITS1,5.8S和ITS2)。结果表明,龙眼及其近缘种龙荔的ITS区序列的长度范围为618～646 bp,长度变异为28 bp;其中,ITS1和ITS2的长度范围分别为227～235 bp和227～247 bp。龙眼品种间ITS序列变异位点比较丰富,通过单个或组合变异位点可以作为特异位点用于品种之间的鉴别。龙荔的ITS序列变异较大,在609处插入一个19个碱基的片段;系统发育树也表明龙荔自为一单树系,为其是龙眼近缘种提供了新的分子证据。结果还表明龙眼果实香味、流汁程度和质地与基于ITS序列的系统发育树结果表现较多品种的吻合性。     

Characterization of Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis

The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of DNA was used to characterize 34 pomegranate cultivars. By using a combination of six primers, a total of 327 markers were scored with a mean of 57.5. The high percentage of polymorphic bands (ppb) of 94.7 and the resolving power (R_p) collective rate value of 129.14 were scored. Data proved that the tested primers were informative to discriminate among cultivars and to survey the genetic diversity in this fruit crop. It has been assumed that the local pomegranate germplasm is characterized by a typically continuous genetic diversity. The derived dendrogram proved that cultivars are clustered independently from their geographical origin and their denomination. In addition, AFLP permitted the generation of a nearly unlimited number of molecular markers that are reliable in differentiating the cultivars and/or the polyclonal varieties.     

萱草部分野生种和栽培品种亲缘关系的AFLP分析

 借助AFLP标记对35份萱草野生种和栽培品种进行亲缘关系研究, 结果表明, 7对引物组合对萱草共扩增出条带380条, 其中多态性条带357条, 平均多态性达到93.39% , 单对引物扩增条带19～85条, 平均每对引物组合扩增多态性条带51条。7对引物扩增出的多态性条带均超过90.0%。种质资源相似系数为0.3822～0.9656, 平均相似系数为0.7039。UPGMA聚类结果将供试材料分为3类, 即早花、中花和晚花类, 同一产地的品种基本能聚在一起。AFLP标记技术能较好地从分子水平揭示萱草种质资源的亲缘关系。     

Assessment of genetic diversity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)

AFLP technique was applied to assess genetic diversity among 44 common bean accessions that included 6 exotic accessions, 15 Indian land races and 23 released varieties. Eight AFLP primer pairs were used that produced 820 products of which 698 were polymorphic (85.12%). Wide variations were observed among all the accessions for the number of amplification products, percent polymorphism and average polymorphism information content (PIC). The Jaccard's similarity indices (J) based on the AFLP profiles were subjected to UPGMA cluster analysis. The dendrogram generated revealed seven major groups. Seventeen out of 23 released varieties were restricted to clusters VI and VII. The value of r = 0.934 in Mantel's test for cophenetic corrlelation applied to the cluster analysis indicated the high fitness of the accessions to a group. The germplasm used in the present study had narrow genetic base, although moderate to high genetic diversity was observed. The details of diversity analysis and the potential use of Indian common bean accessions in common bean breeding programme are provided in the present study.