和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植试验研究效果初报

[目的]研究和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植效果。[方法]利用纯种和牛母牛作为供体,荷斯坦母牛及西杂母牛作为受体,通过供体牛的超数排卵、人工授精、采胚、胚胎冷冻及受体牛的同期发情和鲜胚移植,快速获得纯种和牛及和牛胚胎。[结果]对4头青年纯种和牛母牛进行超排,重复冲卵13头次,共采卵数122枚,其中75枚可用胚胎,可用胚率为61.5%,平均5.76枚/头次。对75头荷斯坦牛及西杂母牛同期发情,结果获得89.2%的同期发情率。67头受体牛移植了鲜胚,2个月后妊娠检查有35头怀孕,移植妊娠率为52.23%。[结论]可以利用超数排卵及胚胎移植增加和牛母牛利用效率。     

进口美国褐牛冷冻胚胎进行移植的研究

20 0 0年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 12月 ,在新疆塔城市、额敏县、塔城种牛场开展了进口美国褐牛冷冻胚胎移植工作。经过对 12 6头新疆褐牛及杂交母牛进行了透导同期发情 ,结果获得 78.6%的同期发情率和 72 .7%的黄体合格率。对黄体合格的 72头母牛进行了进口美国褐牛冷冻胚胎移植 ,获移植妊娠率 5 1.4%。其中 2 4头受体牛由塔城地区育种站和塔城种牛场的技术人员移植 ,获得了45 .8%的移植妊娠率。对同一批次的牛的常规法与一步法解冻胚胎移植妊娠结果进行对比分析 ,结果显示 ,移植妊娠差异显著(4 3 .5 % ,64 .7% ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,后者较高。     

牛胚胎移植技术在旺苍县的应用试验

为探究肉牛胚胎移植技术在旺苍县的应用前景,本试验组建了 83头西杂母牛开展同期发情,对筛选的34头受体母牛进行西门塔尔牛冷冻胚胎移植.结果得出:旺苍县西杂母牛的同期发情率为75.90％,胚胎移植妊娠率为38.24％;体况评分在6～6.5分时妊娠率最高(为42.86％),具有1.5 cm及以上黄体的受体母牛,其妊娠率也较...     

娟姗牛与荷斯坦青年母牛超排效果比较

本试验对56头娟姗牛与179头荷斯坦青年母牛进行超排处理,分别获得可用胚胎227枚和1242枚;可用胚率分别为57.80%和70.65%,娟姗牛和荷斯坦牛超排黄体数无明显差异(P>0.05),但采胚数明显低于荷斯坦牛,娟姗牛的超排结果明显低于荷斯坦牛的结果(P<0.05),移植受体牛270头,怀孕157头。移植妊娠率分别达到52.54%和50.20%,同期娟姗牛胚胎与荷斯坦牛胚胎移植结果比较,无显著差异(P>0.05)。娟姗牛超排使用FSH剂量为9mg更为经济。青年荷斯坦牛和娟姗牛可用于胚胎生产,但青年娟姗牛的可用胚胎数低于荷斯坦牛。     

塔城地区进口美国褐牛冷冻胚胎的移植

2000年4月至2002年12月，在塔城市、额敏县、塔城种牛场开展了进口美国褐牛冷冻胚胎移植工作。经过对126头新疆褐牛及杂交母牛进行了诱导同期发情，结果获得78．6％的同期发情率和72.7％的黄体合格率。对于黄体合格的72头母牛进行了进口美国褐牛冷冻胚胎移植，获移植妊娠率51．4％。其中24头受体牛由塔城地区育种站和塔城种牛场的技术人员移植，获得45.8％的移植妊娠率。对同一批次牛的常规法与一步法解冻胚胎移植妊娠结果(分别为43.5％和64．7％)进行对比分析，结果显示，移植妊娠差异显著(P＜0．05)。     

皮埃蒙特牛胚胎移植试验报告

选择健康、繁殖和营养状况良好的眼埃蒙特供体母牛和同样条件的南阳受体黄牛,通过同期发情、超数排卵、胚胎移植待技术处理,观测皮埃蒙特牛在发展南阳肉牛方面的实际应用效果。试验结果：冷冻胚胎移植黄牛妊娠泫为３２．５％;超排处理皮埃蒙特肉牛３头获胚２０枚,可用胚１０枚,全部用于鲜胚移植,妊娠率为６０％,同期发情处理受体黄牛４１头,发情率为８０．４９％,７２小时发情率为８７．８８％。     

牛胚胎移植技术在乌鲁木齐地区的研究和推广

1997-2002年，从呼图壁胚胎移植中心购买和自己制作西门塔尔、荷斯坦牛胚胎400枚。在乌鲁木齐地区共选择和同期发情处理受体牛480头，移植346头，妊娠156头，总移植妊娠率为45．1％，以新疆地方土种牛为受体母牛。     

肉牛冷冻胚胎移植试验初报

2003年6月至2004年10月,在黔南州都匀市高原肉牛有限责仟公司开展了西门塔尔纯种肉牛冷冻胚胎移植工作,经过对25头本地黄牛及杂交奶牛进行诱导同期发情,结果获得80％（20头）的同期发情率和40％（10头）的黄体合恪率,对黄体合格的10头母牛进行了西门塔尔纯种肉牛冷冻胚胎移植,获移植妊娠率40％,移植产（活）犊率20％。结果届示：搞好受体牛品种及个体选择、严格组织和规范饲养管理、必要的适当补饲,准确观察受体牛发情以及合格的黄体要求是胍胎移植取得成功的关键,也是提高胚胎移植受胎率的基础。     

影响牛胚胎移植的主要因素

1987年～1990年,我们用德国和丹麦进口优秀荷斯坦奶牛作为供体,超数排卵,同期发情后,用优秀荷斯坦奶牛精液人工授精,第七天采用非手术法采集胚胎。将这些采集到的可用胚胎移植到当地土种母牛或尕利巴母牛体内,共移植102头,产活优良荷斯坦犊牛44头,现根据移植经验,将影响牛胚胎移植的因素总结如下:     

肉牛冷冻胚胎移植试验

通过对平凉市45头秦川血系受体牛移植红安格斯、利木辛、夏洛来、皮埃蒙特等品种肉牛冷冻胚胎的结果分析,证明要提高胚胎移植妊娠率,就要选择健康的受体牛,作好受体母牛补饲工作,处理好受体母牛同期发情,认真观察发情,作好发情记录,准确移植。     

Effect of flunixin meglumine treatment during and after embryo transfer on the pregnancy rate in cattle

This study aimed to determine the effect of flunixin meglumine treatment during and after the transfer of in vivo produced embryos to Angus (cows) and Holstein (cows and heifers) breeds of cattle on pregnancy rate. Holstein cows were used as donors in the study. A double dose of prostaglandin F2α was administered to the recipient animals for synchronization. Uterine flushing was performed in donors on day 7 after artificial insemination. A total of 295 transferable embryos were obtained. These embryos were transferred to Angus cows (n = 85), Holstein heifers (n = 80) and Holstein cows (n = 130). After the transfer, these animals were divided into three subgroups. The first subgroup (TI) was administered flunixin meglumine during embryo transfer, and the second subgroup (TII) was administered flunixin meglumine both during embryo transfer and on days 8 and 9 after the transfer. The third subgroup (TIII) was not administered anything and it was considered the control group. Pregnancy examination of the recipients was performed on days 30–35 after the transfer using real-time ultrasonography. The pregnancy rates after embryo transfer were found to be 43.52% in Angus cows, 42.5% in Holstein heifers, and 24.61% in Holstein cows (p < .05). When the animals were not classified according to breed, the pregnancy rates in subgroups TI, TII and TIII were found to be 29.29%, 45.10% and 29.79%, respectively (p < .05). In addition, the pregnancy rates were higher in TII and TIII subgroups of Angus cows and Holstein heifers compared to that of Holstein cows (p < .05). As a result, the pregnancy rates obtained after embryo transfer in Angus cows and Holstein heifers were found to be higher than that in Holstein cows. In addition, it was concluded that the administration of flunixin meglumine during and during/after embryo transfer has a positive effect on pregnancy rates in Angus cows and Holstein heifers.     

不同品种肉乳牛胚胎移植试验

在农户饲养条件下，应用胚胎移植技术对互助县23头适龄母牛进行了利木赞、安格斯肉牛，西门塔尔肉乳役兼用牛，黑白花乳牛胚胎移植试验，结果成功10头（西门塔尔1头，安格斯2头，利木赞3头，黑白花4头），移植成功率为43．48％。     

奶牛超数排卵及胚胎移植的试验研究

本试验采用FSH＋PG的方法对22头供体荷斯坦牛分两批进行了超数排卵处理,140头受体南阳黄牛和供体牛采用2次PG法分批进行了同期发情处理。结果如下：（1）共有20头供体牛、104头受体牛在第二次注射PG后96h内发情,同期发情率分别为90.90%和74.29%;（2）20头供体牛回收胚胎176枚,可用胚胎140枚/头,平均回收胚胎8.8枚/头,平均可用胚胎7.0枚/头,可用胚胎比率79.55%;（3）104头南阳黄牛受体均移植单胚,51头妊娠,妊娠率为49.04%。     

甘肃省进口肉牛冷冻胚胎移植的研究

1999年5月至2000年12月在甘肃省武威市、平凉市、信县、灵台县开展了进口肉牛冷冻胚胎移植工作。经过对386头当地黄牛母牛及杂交母牛进行了诱导同期发情，结果获得84．9％的同期发情率和77．1％的黄体合格率。对于黄体合格的253头母牛进行了进口肉牛冷冻胚胎移植，获移植妊娠率50．9％，其中45头受体牛由甘肃省家畜繁育中心技术人员移植，获得51．1％的移植妊娠率。对同一批次经产牛与青年牛移植妊娠结果、常规法与一步法解冻胚胎移植妊娠结果进行了对比分析，结果显示，经产牛移植妊娠率（37．5％）显著低于青年牛（56．6％）常规胚胎解冻法与一步细管解冻法解冻胚胎，移植妊娠率差异显著（41．6％，69．5％，P＜0．05），后者较高。     

不同父本冻精杂交甘南牦牛母本围产期疾病发生率分析

[目的]为提高甘南农牧交错区牦牛生产性能筛选最佳杂交父本。[方法]分别选取荷斯坦奶牛、西门塔尔、安格斯、娟姗牛优质冻精杂交甘南牦牛,比较妊娠牦牛的流产率、难产率,产后胎衣不下、子宫内膜炎症的发生率,产后当年与第二年发情的比率。[结果]荷斯坦奶牛、西门塔尔冻精人工授精甘南牦牛时,母本妊娠期的流产率和难产率显著高于安格斯、娟姗牛(P<0.05),荷斯坦奶牛、西门塔尔、安格斯作为父本杂交,母本的产后胎衣不下、子宫内膜炎症发病率显著高于娟姗牛(P<0.05)。娟姗牛冻精人工授精甘南牦牛,母本产后当年与第二年发情的比率分别为39.22±1.65%和35.29±1.84%,显著高于其他种公牛冻精杂交后母本的发情率,且只有娟姗牛试验组当年发情率高于第二年发情率。[结论]娟姗牛为父本时,围产期疾病发生率最低,繁育潜能利用率最高,可作为改良甘南牦牛最佳父本。     

提高受体黄牛移植受胎率试验

[目的]为提高受体黄牛移植受胎率,探索合理的饲养管理条件.[方法]本试验将受体牛随机分成为6组,分别为对照、注射亚硒酸钠、VADE、HCG和饲料中增加6%的能量和蛋白,各组均采用两次注射PG的同期发情的方法.[结果]显示:注射亚硒酸钠、VADE、HCG能够提高受体移植受胎率,受胎率分别为57.1±2.45%、58.3±1.61%、59.2±3.13%,与对照组(受胎率为48.3±2.33%)之间差异显著(P＜0.05);在一定营养水平下,饲料中增加5%的能量和蛋白未能提高受体移植受胎率,受胎率分别为 56.9±3.57%、47.6±1.20%,与对照之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).受体牛子宫黄体状况也是影响移植受胎率的重要因素,受体牛的子宫生理状况是A级(移植受胎率达到55.8%)与B级(移植受胎率达到45.9%)差异显著(P＜0.05), A级与C(移植受胎率达到6.7% )级差异极显著(P＜0.01).[结论]全价营养,合理管理,较好的子宫黄体生理状况是影响受胎率的主要因素.     

荷斯坦牛生产体内性控胚胎的试验研究

本研究采用荷斯坦牛X-性控冻精和超数排卵技术生产奶牛体内性控胚胎。结果显示,使用阴道栓(Cue-Mate)对31头供体奶牛进行同期发情处理,发情率为100%,且发情时间较集中。31头供体奶牛共回收胚胎321枚,头均回收胚胎10.35枚,其中可用胚胎225枚,头均可用胚胎7.26枚。选择36头黄牛受体进行单胚移植,其中21头移植鲜胚,妊娠10头,妊娠率47.62%;15头移植冻胚,妊娠6头,妊娠率40.00%。     

Influence of genotype and yield and composition of milk on interval to first postpartum ovulation in milked beef and dairy cows.

Our objectives were to investigate the effects of genotype, yield and composition of milk, and changes in BW and body condition on the initiation of cyclic ovarian activity in nonsuckled beef and dairy cows milked twice daily. Nulliparous heifers were selected from three breeds, 12 Angus, 13 Simmentals, and 26 Holsteins, based on their EBV for milk yield. Cows were machine-milked twice daily, and daily milk yield was recorded; composite samples of milk were collected twice weekly for analyses of milk components. Blood was collected from all cows thrice weekly for 75 d postpartum, and concentrations of progesterone in serum measured by RIA were used to estimate day of first postpartum ovulation. Holstein cows produced more (P less than .05) milk (unadjusted or 3.5% fat-corrected) than Angus or Simmental cows during the first 30 d of lactation. Holstein cows had higher (P less than .01) peak yield of milk than Simmental and Angus cows. Days to peak milk yield were similar for Simmental and Holstein cows, and both were more (P less than .05) than those for Angus cows. Percentages of fat, protein, and total solids in milk were highest (P less than .05) for Simmental cows, whereas milk of Holstein cows had the highest (P less than .05) percentage of lactose and lowest (P less than .05) concentration of somatic cells. Average BW at ovulation differed (P less than .05) among breeds. Estimated daily changes in BW from calving to first ovulation were different (P less than .05) for Holstein and Simmental cows but were similar to those of Angus cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

贵州喀斯特地区胚胎移植安格斯牛生长性能初探

本研究以贵州喀斯特地区胚胎移植所产的17头公犊,25头母犊共42头安格斯牛为材料,对其初生至12月龄的体重、体尺等生长发育指标进行了测定,并与原产地同龄段安格斯牛和本地黎平黄牛的相应生长发育指标进行比较,以确定胚胎移植安格斯牛在本地区的适应性.结果表明,胚移犊牛基本适应当地自然条件和饲养管理条件,生长性能较本地黎平黄牛明显高;胚移公犊各年龄段体重明显低于原产地同龄段公犊,甚至低于胚移母犊;胚移牛不同年龄阶段日增重,公、母犊均以3月龄以前最快,3～6月龄最差.