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本刊记者 《林业机械与木工设备》1981,(4)
辽宁省阜新蒙古族自治县国营他本扎兰苗圃,自1953年建圃,现在已发展成一个拥有经营面积520亩(其中育苗作业面积420亩),年产2,500~3,000万株苗木的大型苗圃。这个苗圃从1974年开始使用育苗机械,现有汽车一台,三种型号的胶轮拖拉机7台,播种机、筑床机、起苗犁、防寒犁、喷药机等大型机具三十多部,固定喷灌设备两 相似文献
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2MCX-1100型精细筑床机采用土壤颗粒大小分区成形装置实现土壤精细作业,解决了我国现有机型存在的消耗功率大、床体土壤分布不合理、旋耕部件缠草以及悬挂架下拉杆档土等问题,可为育苗播种和苗木移植作业提供良好的土壤条件。通过性能和生产试验表明:该机作业质量显著提高,生产率提高了60%以上,作业成本则降低了30%以上,具有显著的经济效益和一定的生态效益。 相似文献
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用3%业用硫酸亚铁水溶液给土壤消毒灭菌,是提高保苗率和优质苗木产出率的有效办法之一,但其作业量很大,多年来一直困扰育苗生产。筑床施药技术是精细筑床技术和工业用高效喷涂技术的有机结合,形成一种新型的苗圃土壤消毒灭菌技术。本次试验目的是探索施药浓度的量化指标,检验作业效果如何。通过对比试验分析,最佳施药浓度为6.27%;新型的筑床施药技术可以大幅度减少施药量,降低环境污染,平均施药量不足过去的40%;由于施药液量的大幅度减少和机械化作业的实现,作业质量和作业效率显著提高,按用工量计算可提高30倍以上。 相似文献
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满归林业局按照标准化苗圃建设的要求,于1986年开始兴建中心苗圃,1987年正式开始育苗.截至1996年末,该苗圃累计育苗近3000万株,除满足本局更新造林的需要外,还支援了部分兄弟局的造林用苗.局中心苗圃占地总面积170亩.可育苗面积124亩,每年可育苗15亩.换床30亩,可提供下年上山造林苗木250万株.苗圃各项生产设施齐全,育苗过程从整地、作床到除草、松土、施肥、病虫害防治、排灌、播种、换床等,基本实现 相似文献
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《林业机械与木工设备》2011,(1)
经过十五国家科技攻关计划课题和十一五国家科技支撑计划课题的实施,国家林业局哈尔滨林业机械研究所第二研究室在苗圃机械化技术领域,尤其是苗圃精细筑床、精少量播种、苗木换床移植等关键技术和难点问题上,取得了多项创新和重大突破。 相似文献
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罗贵平 《林业机械与木工设备》2007,35(8):8-9
北方林业苗圃的生产设备包括机械设备和手工工具,以及其它生产设施. 1 苗圃在育苗生产各阶段使用的不同生产设备 1.1 整地 北方苗圃多是秋季对选定的育苗用地进行整地.普遍使用农用三铧犁或五铧犁翻地,再用旋耕机或圆盘耙进一步粉碎土壤. 相似文献
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林木种子带精量播种技术的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
林木种子带精量播种技术是近年来发展起来的新型林业育苗播种技术,该项技术按照我国的林业育苗技术规程的相关要求进行研发设计,适用于苗圃落叶松、樟子松、云杉等树种的常规床作育苗播种作业.试验结果表明:可显著节约良种,减轻劳动强度,降低作业成本,提高劳动生产率;出苗均匀规则,疏密合理,便于苗期管理,有利于苗木生长及提高苗木质量.实现了林木育苗播种作业的工厂化和集约化生产. 相似文献
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A decentralized seedling production is regarded as the most effective means of providing smallholders with planting materials. However, the sustainability of smallholder nursery operation is constrained by several factors, including the limited availability of germplasm, lack of technical skills and low seedling demand low viability of seedling market. The government nursery sector could complement the weaknesses of the smallholder nursery group but government nurseries are not operating effectively to enhance the availability of high quality seedlings of a wide species base for smallholder forestry. Seedling production in government nurseries is quantity-orientated with low emphasis on the production of high quality planting materials. Germplasm used in seedling production is mostly collected from unselected sources and seedlings produced are mostly of low physical quality. The species selection in government nurseries is heavily based on the availability of germplasm which resulted in the production of a few species which are commonly raised on private nurseries. The duplication of species of most seedlings raised in government nurseries with those produced in private nurseries and the far distance of government nurseries from the villages has resulted in low uptake of seedlings by smallholder tree farmers. For the government nursery sector to become more effective in providing support in the present paradigm of decentralized seeding production, a change from its production system and a broadening of the role it plays is needed. The social mobilization on seedling production as a scheme of implementing the Green Philippines Program has led the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to acknowledge the seedling production activity of private individual and communal nursery groups. This can be an opportunity for organizing the private and government nursery sectors to promote the operational effectiveness of the overall forest nursery industry. 相似文献
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新时期我国苗圃机械化的发展方向 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
吴兆迁 《林业机械与木工设备》2012,(2):4-7
目前我国苗圃机械化整体水平依旧很低,与现代林业建设极不协调。在介绍和分析我国北方苗圃机械的现状和取得的成果后着重指出:政府必须加大资金投入和政策扶持,建立健全包括林业机械化在内的林业技术推广服务体系;以造林苗生产设备为基础,解决苗木切根、起苗、深层土壤施药、防寒等关键技术和难点问题;研发适于绿化苗生产的通用底盘及大苗移植机、中耕除草机、施肥机、喷药机、起苗机等配套设备。 相似文献
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国外林木容器育苗精量播种装备现状分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
简要阐述了林业容器育苗技术及其精量播种装备技术,介绍了国外几种典型林木容器育苗精量播种生产线概况,指出了我国现阶段林业容器育苗播种生产线装备在发展应用过程中存在的制约因素。 相似文献
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育苗穴盘是农林容器育苗过程中的重要育苗容器,制订其规格标准可有效地促进先进穴盘育苗技术的普及、配套技术装备的发展、规模化生产成本的控制等。结合对育苗穴盘的研究及标准制订过程中技术参数的确定、系列型谱确定和试验方法等问题,阐述了林业工厂化育苗穴盘标准制订的主要内容和依据。 相似文献
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Agus S. Kadda Andy M. Venus Danilo B. Lataza Maria Rosa E. Solis 《Small-Scale Forestry》2008,7(3-4):319-331
One way to maximize potential income of smallholder tree farmers is to ensure high quality of planting material. In San Carlos City, Negros Occidental, the Philippines, great importance is placed on seedling quality because Energy Crop Plantations (ECPs) managed under a Short-Rotation Coppice (SRC) system will involve a single planting for several three-year coppices. High seedling quality requires superior seed provenances and seedling propagation methods. Throughout the establishment of the nursery facility, and the propagation of planting stock, data collection, reporting and database systems have been designed to capture relevant costs and technical information. Training has been provided to nursery personnel and labourers to enable them to operate the nursery and produce high quality seedlings. This paper reports a practical operational evaluation of all materials and procedures followed in nursery establishment and seedling production. Economies of scale in nursery operation are achieved at a production level of at least 90,000 seedlings per planting season of three months in the year. The production cost is estimated at PhP 3.57/seedling, excluding the cost of the nursery infrastructure and overheads. Cost comparison with decentralized or contracted nurseries shows little variation at a total cost of PhP 4.12/seedling. However, with these alternative nursery arrangements there is high risk of producing low quality seedlings by possible reduction of inputs and skipping quality enhancement procedures to reduce production cost. 相似文献
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为充分发挥营林生产在林业建设中的重要作用,笔者从林木良种、苗圃地选择、营林生产经营措施等方面进行分析研究。当前营林生产在林木良种、苗圃地选择及全县营林生产经营措施方面存在停滞不前的问题。根据当前存在的问题,研究相应的对策,采取加强苗木基地建设、搞活苗圃经营体制、加强造林基地管理等措施,从而进一步发挥新形势下营林生产在林... 相似文献