胍基乙酸(GAA)和甜菜碱及N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)对育肥猪生长和肉质的影响试验

选择平均体重60.0 kg的杜长大三元杂种猪192头,随机分为4组,即Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组(添加GAA 800 mg/kg)、Ⅲ组(添加GAA 800mg/kg+甜菜碱200 mg/kg)和Ⅳ组(添加GAA 800mg/kg+甜菜碱200mg/kg+NMDA 100 mg/kg)。研究GAA、甜菜碱和NMDA对育肥猪生长和肉质的影响。结果表明,常规日粮中添加GAA、甜菜碱及NMDA后,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组育肥猪的日增重分别提高8.43%、9.59%和13.95%(P0.05),采食量提高1.30%、0.58%和4.58%(P0.05),料重比降低6.58%、8.22%和8.22%(P0.05),屠宰率提高3.27%、5.67%和10.21%(P0.05),瘦肉率提高8.01%、10.65%和14.96%(P0.05),背膘厚降低8.91%、10.63%和12.93%(P0.05)。与Ⅱ组(GAA)相比,Ⅲ组(GAA+甜菜碱)和Ⅳ组(GAA+甜菜碱+NMDA),肥育猪的日增重分别提高1.07%和5.08%,其中尤以Ⅳ组(GAA+甜菜碱+NMDA)效果显著(P0.05)。结果表明:GAA能明显提高育肥猪生产性能,改善育肥猪胴体品质,且GAA和NMDA联用时表现出较好的互作组合效应。     

不同铜源和水平对生长猪组织铜含量和含铜酶的影响

选用54头体重约17 kg杜长大生长猪进行试验,研究日粮中添加不同铜源、不同水平铜对猪血液生化指标及组织铜沉积的影响。试验猪随机分为9个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复2头。各处理日粮分别为基础日粮添加以氨基酸铜（Cu-AA）、硫酸铜(CuSO4)和碱式氯化铜(TBCC)为铜源的铜10、150和250 mg/kg的日粮。研究结果表明：添加不同铜源、不同剂量铜,猪日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P＞0.05);肝、肾铜含量随铜添加水平的升高而显著升高(P＜0.01),在心肌铜含量方面,添加250 mg/kg铜水平显著高于添加10和150 mg/kg铜水平(P＜0.01); 高剂量铜可显著提高血清铜兰蛋白活性(P＜0.01),添加150 mg/kg铜可显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性(P＜0.05);硫酸铜源可显著降低肌肉铜含量(P＜0.01),氨基酸铜源可显著提高血清铜兰蛋白活性(P＜0.01)。     

茶籽提取物对生长猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验通过研究茶籽提取物对生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,旨在探讨茶籽提取物替代抗生素的可行性。将20头(31.03±2.13)kg的长×大健康阉公猪按照体重随机分为2组,每组10头,采用FIRE誖全自动生长性能测定系统对试验猪生长性能进行精确化测定,用茶籽提取物和抗生素进行饲养对比试验,试验期48d。其中抗生素组为基础日粮添加120mg/kg的吉他霉素(50%),试验组为基础日粮添加600mg/kg的茶籽提取物。结果表明:与抗生素组相比,茶籽提取物组生长猪的平均日增重(ADG)提高了4.7%(P0.05),平均日采食量(ADFI)提高了4.5%(P0.05),料重比(F/G)降低了4.2%(P0.05),血清尿素氮(SUN)浓度降低了24.3%(P0.05),血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)水平提高了15.2%(P0.05),血清γ-干扰素(INF-γ)水平提高了17.3%(P0.05)。这表明,日粮中用600mg/kg的茶籽提取物取代抗生素,生长猪的生长性能得到改善,免疫功能得到提高。     

N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸对猪生长激素和生长抑素动态分泌模式及特征的影响

本试验通过在日粮中添加一定水平的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)研究其对猪生长激素(GH)和生长抑素(SS)动态分泌模式及特征的影响.选取体重为(53.0±3.6)kg的杜长大三元杂交猪60头,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪(公母各1/2,公猪已阉割),分别饲喂添加0、100 mg/kg NMDA的日粮,猪体重接近90 kg时结束试验,分析猪的生长性能并测定GH和SS.结果显示,在日粮中添加100 mg/kg的NMDA,猪的日增重显著增加(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);GH分泌的总体水平、基线水平和峰强度显著提高(P<0.05).从性别角度而言,阉公猪GH分泌总体水平增加36.91%(P<0.05);基线水平提高了55.69%(P<0.05);母猪GH分泌总体水平提高了45.95%(P<0.05);基线水平提高了50.10%(P<0.05).100 mg/kg NMDA组阉公猪与母猪SS的分泌水平有所提高,但与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).以上结果表明:日粮添加100 mg/kg的NMDA可以促进猪的生长、提高猪GH的分泌水平,使GH分泌表现出较强的脉冲分泌规律;而NMDA对SS的分泌模式和分泌水平未产生明显影响.     

30～60kg生长猪磷需要量研究

本试验旨在研究饲粮磷水平对30 ～60kg生长猪生长性能、血清生化指标及胫骨性能的影响,探讨饲粮中磷的适宜需要量.试验采用单因子完全随机设计,将30头体重( 32.12±0.49) kg的“杜×长×大”生长猪随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,各组分别饲喂磷水平为0.38％(对照组)、0.43％、0.48％、0.53％、0.58％的玉米-豆粕型试验饲粮.预试期7d,正试期28 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,0.53％磷水平组平均日增重、平均日采食量极显著提高(P＜0.01),料重比极显著降低(P＜0.01);2)各试验组血清磷含量均极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),0.53％磷水平组血清钙含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),各组血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ含量差异不显著(P＞0.05);3)随饲粮磷水平的提高,胫骨长度及胫骨钙、磷含量均呈现先升高再降低的趋势,当饲粮磷水平为0.53％时,各指标达到最大值,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);0.53％磷水平组胫骨脱脂烘干重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),其他各组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).综上所述,在本试验条件下,30 ～ 60 kg生长猪饲粮磷的适宜添加水平为0.53％.     

γ-氨基丁酸对温热环镜中生长肥育猪生产性能和抗氧化功能的影响

选择48头体重43kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,按试验要求分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪(公母各半).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加γ-氨基丁酸10mg/kg,试验期48d.研究γ-氨基丁酸在高温条件下对生长肥育猪生产性能、血清生化指标和自由基代谢的影响.结果表明试验期内,试验组和对照组相比全程平均日增重提高13.08%(P＜0.01),料重比降低7.81%(P＜0.01);血清尿素氮(SUN)升高(P＞0.05),血糖(GLU)显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)显著下降(P＜0.05),肌酸激酶(CK)显著上升(P＜0.01);自由基代谢方面,谷胱甘肤过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)显著上升(P＜0.01),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性略有上升(P＞0.05),丙二醛(MDA)水平稍有下降(P＞0.05).根据本试验结果,日粮中添加γ-氨基丁酸对热应激条件下提高猪的生产性能、缓解热应激有一定的效果.     

发酵豆粕对生长猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵豆粕对生长猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响。将发酵豆粕饲喂初始体重为(30.55±0.52)kg的生长猪,试验分为6组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,各组添加水平分别为0(对照组)、2%、4%、6%和8%,试验周期为5周。结果表明:与对照组相比,生长猪日粮中添加6%的发酵豆粕极显著提高生长猪平均日增重(P0.01),显著提高期末重、平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05);与对照组相比,添加6%发酵豆粕可显著降低血清葡萄糖、尿素氮、总胆固醇含量(P0.05),显著增加血清总蛋白含量,碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.05);与对照组相比,生长猪日粮中添加6%发酵豆粕可显著提高血清GSH-Px活性,血清ASA(P0.05),极显著提高血清T-AOC(P0.01),显著降低血清MDA含量(P0.05)。综上所述,生长猪日粮中添加6%的发酵豆粕可显著改善其生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化性能。     

碱性负离子液、复合微生态制剂、抗生素对肥育猪生长性能和舍内氨气浓度效应的对比研究

为比较碱性负离子液、复合微生态制剂替代抗生素后对肥育猪生长性能、舍内环境的影响,选择体重65 kg左右的杜长大三元杂种肥育猪72头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组在基础饲粮中添加抗生素杆菌肽锌0.06 mg/kg+硫酸黏菌素0.04 mg/kg,试验1组在基础饲粮中添加碱性负离子液500 mg/kg+复合微生态制剂2 000 mg/kg,试验2组在基础饲粮中添加复合微生态制剂2 000 mg/kg,试验3组在基础饲粮中添加碱性负离子液500 mg/kg。正试期71 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验1组、试验2组、试验3组末重分别极显著提高4.04%(P0.01)、8.08%(P0.01)、9.57%(P0.01),日增重分别极显著提高8.90%(P0.01)、17.58%(P0.01)、20.80%(P0.01),料重比分别极显著降低10.74%(P0.01)、13.77%(P0.01)、16.53%(P0.01);舍内氨气浓度分别降低19.32%(P0.05)、18.18%(P0.05)、22.73%(P0.05),桶内氨气浓度分别降低16.67%(P0.05)、12.50%(P0.05)、27.50%(P0.05)。结论:在饲粮中添加碱性负离子液和复合微生态制剂能达到添加抗生素"杆菌肽锌和硫酸黏菌素"的作用效果或者更优,并改善舍内环境。     

大豆异黄酮对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫性能、养分消化率和粪中微生物菌群的影响

试验旨在探究饲粮中添加大豆异黄酮(SI)对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫性能、养分表观消化率和粪中微生物菌群的影响。选择(28±2)日龄、体重(11±1.12)kg大白断奶仔猪240头,按完全随机化试验设计将仔猪分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮的基础上分别添加SI 5、10、15 mg/kg。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,15 mg/kg SI组日增重增加50 g(P0.05),料重比降低0.26(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,10、15 mg/kg SI组分别提高断奶仔猪Ig A 5.98%(P0.05)、6.84%(P0.05)。3)粗脂肪表观消化率,10、15 mg/kg SI组分别较对照组提高6.18(P0.01)、5.9个百分点(P0.01),10 mg/kg SI组粗蛋白质较对照组提高4.2%(P0.05),钙和磷,10、15 mg/kg SI组分别较对照组提高5.4(P0.01)、6.53(P0.01)和3.02(P0.05)、3.1个百分点(P0.05)。4)粪中双歧杆菌数,5、10 mg/kg SI组分别较对照组提高2.85%(P0.01)和6.47%(P0.01);大肠杆菌数,5、10 mg/kg SI组分别较对照组降低6.93%(P0.05)和11.71%(P0.05)。综上所述,在仔猪饲粮中添加SI可有效提高仔猪的生长性能、免疫性能、饲料消化利用率和改善肠道微生物平衡,综合本试验各项指标断奶仔猪较适宜的SI添加量为15 mg/kg。     

虫草真菌发酵中草药培养基对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

随机选择65日龄、均重25.0kg的杜长大生长猪160头,随机分为4组,研究虫草真菌液体发酵中草药培养基对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加100mg/kg、200mg/kg和300mg/kg虫草真菌液体发酵中草药培养基后,与对照组相比,生长肥育猪的日增重分别提高了7.64%、9.23%和11.19%(P≤0.05或P≤0.01),采食量分别提高了2.72%、1.37%和2.10%(P≥0.05),料肉比分别降低了4.58%、7.19%和8.17%(P≤0.05或P≤0.01),屠宰率分别提高了2.95%、5.66%和8.53%(P≤0.05或P≥0.05),瘦肉率分别提高了0.60%、2.67%和6.64%(P≥0.05),背膘厚分别降低了4.29%、5.71%和8.29%(P≤0.05或P≥0.05)。结论:虫草真菌液体发酵中草药培养基可明显提高生长猪生产性能,改善育肥猪胴体品质。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.