杨树五种食叶害虫危害指标研究

研究危害指标为制定防治策略奠定理论基础。本文确立了杨树人工纯林三个品种的叶面积与胸径回归方程式,并规定了以每平方米叶面积载虫量为虫口密度单位。确定了白城地区杨树人工林受害允许水平为失叶40％,并测定出柳毒蛾Leucoma salicis Linnaeus、杨毒蛾Leucoma candida Staudinger、杨扇舟蛾Clostera anachoreta(Fabr.)、杨双尾舟蛾Cerura menciana Moore和黑带双尾舟蛾Cerura uinula felina(Butler)的食叶量,确定它们的危害指标为每平方米叶面积载老龄幼虫量分别为16、11、28、7.6和5头。     

食叶害虫的食叶量与树木生长关系

目前在栽植杨树新区,食叶害虫十分严重。据调查,杨扇舟蛾、杨尺蠖、杨毒蛾和杨梢叶(虫甲)等食叶害虫,近来经常猖獗成灾,对杨树生长造成了重大损失。为避免任意使用农药,消除害虫产生抗药性和环境污染,我们研究了杨树摘叶量、杨扇舟蛾食叶量与生长关系,找出食叶害虫虫口密度与食叶量多寡与树木生长关系,提出合理的防治指标,为实现综合防治提供依据。     

刺槐尺蠖防治指标的研究

经过对刺槐的蓄叶量、叶面积、刺槐尺蠖食叶量、人工模拟摘叶对刺槐生长量影响等因子的调查分析，得出胸径D与刺槐蓄叶量M之间的关系式为M=135265．73 ＋ 13949．41D（相关系数r=0．976），刺槐叶面积与鲜重（长宽平均值）的关系：S=0．096W - 0．086（r=0．986），S=1．99L - 0．68（r=0．988），刺槐尺蠖幼虫期平均每头损叶量为295．45cm^2，根据CT=M＊H／Q（1-R）关系式，计算出不同径阶刺槐树的刺槐尺蠖的防治指标。     

杨扇舟蛾的生活习性及防治方法

杨扇舟蛾,又名杨天社蛾,是杨树的主要食叶害虫之一,以幼虫危害杨树、柳树叶片,严重时在短期内可将叶吃光,影响树木生长.通过连续几年,对杨扇舟蛾的生活习性、危害症状的观察,采取了有效的防治措施     

利用赤眼蜂防治杨扇舟蛾

杨扇舟蛾是夏秋季危害杨树的主要害虫之一，近年来，北京大兴县部分片林，林网发现杨扇舟蛾危害状。１９９９年秋季个别地段杨树叶片被杨扇舟蛾吃光，他们及时采取了化学药剂防治措施，对其进行防治，２０００年入夏以后，又组织专入进行预测预报。及时测虫情，并对部分片林、林网成功地进行了生物防治──利用赤眼蜂防治杨扇舟蛾。 一、防治原理 赤眼蜂是杨扇舟蛾卵期的天敌，雌蜂将卵产在杨扇舟蛾的卵内，吸取营养孵化成幼虫，幼虫发育成蛹，蛹不断发育成蜂，羽化后破壳而出，雌雄蜂交配后。雌蜂继续产卵寄生于新的杨扇舟峨卵内，使杨扁舟…     

吡虫啉防治杨树食叶害虫试验研究

针对杨树主要食叶害虫(春尺蠖和杨扇舟蛾),于2005～2007年开展了树干注射吡虫啉防治杨树食叶害虫试验。结果表明:6%吡虫啉乳油10倍液,防治春尺蠖最佳用药量为0.5ml/c(m胸径);防治杨扇舟蛾最佳用药量为0.7ml/cm(胸径),防治效果达90%以上,尤其适合树体高大,食叶害虫大面积严重发生且不便采取其它防治措施的林分。     

苦参碱烟碱乳油防治杨扇舟蛾试验

杨扇舟蛾在安徽北部一般一年4代,以蛹在茧内过冬,越冬蛹一般5月份羽化出成虫,成虫羽化后不久交尾产卵.第一代幼虫6月份进入危害期,第二代幼虫7月份进入危害期,第三代幼虫8月份进入危害期,第四代幼虫9月份进入危害期,10月下旬老熟幼虫沿树干向下爬至地面寻找枯枝落叶吐丝缀叶化蛹越冬.随着杨树纯林面积的不断扩大,蒙城及周边地区杨扇舟蛾危害日显突出,杨树每年凶杨扇舟蛾危害,叶片被蚕食,光合作用降低,林木正常生长受到影响,林木生长量下降.为了有效控制杨扇舟蛾的危害,减少林农的经济损失,探索高效、低毒、低残留、无公害的防治技术,蒙城县森林病虫害防治检疫站在省业务部门的支持与指导下,进行了应用1.2%苦参碱烟碱乳油防治杨扇舟蛾试验.     

应用杀铃脲防治杨扇舟蛾试验初报

1997年至1998年在长春和敦化两地，应用20％杀铃脲悬浮剂对杨扇舟蛾进行了室内外防治试验。林间防治试验表明，应用杀铃脲悬浮剂1：5000和1：7000进行树冠喷雾防治杨扇舟蛾幼虫，防治效果分别达到89．9％和92．8％。     

白僵菌粉炮防治杨扇舟蛾试验报告

杨树食叶害虫是我国十大森林病虫害之一，而杨扇舟蛾又是一种主要的杨树食叶害虫。近几年洛阳市杨树食叶害虫发生严重，有的村镇杨树也被全部吃光，出现“夏树冬景”的现象，严重影响杨树的生长，使生态环境遭到较大破坏。为了指导杨树食叶害虫防治工作，我们利用白僵菌粉炮对杨扇舟蛾进行大田防治试验。     

杨扇舟蛾发生及防治研究现状

杨扇舟蛾以幼虫啃食杨树叶片,影响树木生长,经济损失巨大。该文综述了杨扇舟蛾的危害特点、生物学特性,分析了爆发成灾的原因,总结了目前主要的防治方法,为今后杨扇舟蛾研究提供借鉴。     

Laboratory and field evaluation of the transgenic Populus alba × Populus glandulosa expressing double coleopteran-resistance genes

Expression of the two coleopteran-resistant proteins (Bt-Cry3A and oryzacystatin I) was detected in the leaves of field-grown transgenic poplar (BOGA-5) in two or three subsequent years. The BOGA-5 contained ～10 μg g(-1) of Cry3A over the individual years with no detection in the control, and protein extracts from BOGA-5 displayed a higher reduction in papain activity (～42%) compared with ～21% in the control. Laboratory feeding experiments showed that the total mortality of the target pest Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera, Chrysomelida) larvae fed with BOGA-5 leaves was 76.7%, significantly higher than that of the control (P相似文献   

四种混交林类型对杨扇舟蛾控制作用的研究

试验表明 :块状混交模式是控制杨扇舟蛾的最佳混交模式 ;在块状混交模式下 ,杨×槐、杨×桐两种混交类型为最佳混交类型 ;在块状混交模式的 3种混交比例中 ,杨×槐、杨×桐两种混交类型对杨扇舟蛾的控制作用差异不显著     

宁波地区杨扇舟蛾生物学特性及其防治

杨扇舟蛾在浙江宁波1a发生5代,以蛹越冬.7~ 9月的第3代、第4代幼虫为害杨树最重.以生物农药为主、化学农药为辅、天敌保护为重点的综合防治技术,有利于保护生态环境,可持续控制杨扇舟蛾的发生.     

苏云金杆菌防治杨扇舟蛾试验初报

杨扇舟蛾是近年危害洞庭湖区杨树主要的食叶害虫之一,一年发生6～7代.本文采用生物药剂"林得保"(主要成分苏云金杆菌)粉剂防治杨扇舟蛾.试验表明:"林得保"粉剂在施药3 d后,开始显现明显的药理效果,最终防治率达到了95%以上,是一种在杨树食叶害虫防治上值得推广的无公害生物药剂.其喷粉浓度以药剂:填充剂=1:20的效果最...     

转Bt基因南林895杨对杨扇舟蛾体内酶的影响

以转Bt基因南林895杨树叶片饲喂杨扇舟蛾,研究 Bt 毒蛋白对害虫体内代谢酶的影响。结果表明: 酯酶和羧酸酯酶明显受到抑制。中肠酯酶活性在取食 4 ～ 48 h 内持续下降,羧酸酯酶活性在前期 4 h 有所上升但随后持续下降。多功能氧化酶活性从 24 h 起,受抑而下降,但不显著。谷胱甘肽 S - 转移酶活性在前 36 h 内波动不大,48 h 后显著受抑。乙酰胆碱酶的活性无明显受抑。超氧化物歧化酶活性 12 h 后略升高,然而在取食 12 ～ 48 h活性持续下降,与之相反,过氧化物酶活性在 4 ～ 48 h呈上升状态。过氧化氢酶活性在 4 ～ 12 h 呈下降状态,24 ～48 h呈上升状态。转 Bt 基因杨树主要通过抑制酯酶和羧酸酯酶并扰乱超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶的协调作用干扰害虫的正常生理代谢,起到杀虫作用。     

杨扇舟蛾生殖生物学观测

田间采集老熟幼虫或蛹,在室内分时段观测杨扇舟蛾成虫羽化、交尾和产卵规律.结果表明:杨扇舟蛾在河北沧州地区1 a发生4代,个别5代.成虫主要在傍晚羽化,雄虫羽化高峰出现在15:00-18:00,雌虫在18:00-21:00,单体成虫羽化需13～28 min.雌虫自羽化至初次交尾时间为34.82～54.62 h,成虫交尾起始时间在04:00-05:00,交尾结束时间在19:01-20:00,整个交尾持续时间15.4～16.17 h.雌雄成虫均可进行2次交尾,交尾高峰期和羽化高峰期相差7～11 h.成虫羽化后多在第2和第3天交尾,7日龄以后雌虫不再释放性信息素与雄虫交尾.雌虫交尾后大多当晚或第2天晚上产卵,产卵时间主要集中在20:00-24:00,产卵方式为块产,个别单产.单个卵块平均卵量50～80粒,卵块单层平铺,总卵量220～420粒.雌虫可孤雌产卵,但卵不能孵化.     

Ovipositional preference and larval performance of poplar defoliator, Clostera restitura on different poplar clones in north-western India

We evaluated ten poplar clones (G-3, G-48, L-50/88, L-154/84, L-156/89, S7C8, S7C15,WSL-22, WSL-29 and Uday) for ovipositional preference and larval performance of Clostera restitura. Female moths did not show any preference with respect to clones for oviposition. Significant differences were observed for number of eggs laidon different plant parts. C. restitura laid eggs in clusters, preferably onupper surface of leaf and size of the egg cluster varied from 15 to 167eggs. Clones varied for their relative resistance and susceptibility to C.restitura. L-50/88; L-156/89 were identified as most resistant clone basedon minimum leaf consumption, whereas S7C15 was found to be most susceptible clone to C. restitura. In multiple choice experiments, no feeding preference by C. restitura larvae was detected amongst different poplar clones. After initial settlement of larvae on a particular clone, thelarvae remained confined to that clone and negligible inter-clonal movement was noticed subsequently. The fresh pupal weight was correlated negatively (r = 0.37) with percentage surface leaf area eaten and positively (r = 0.47) with length of larval period, measured on different clones. Relationship between percentage leaf area eaten and length of larval period was negative (r = 0.23). Owing to relative resistance of L-50/88 and L-156/89 against C. restitura, these clones can be recommended for plantation in defoliator prone areas in north-western India.     

Response of aspen stands to forest tent caterpillar defoliation and subsequent overstory mortality in northeastern Ontario,Canada

Overstory mortality, understory tree recruitment, and vegetation development were assessed in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands following two recent episodes of forest tent caterpillar defoliation (Malacosoma disstria Hbn.) in northeastern Ontario. The results suggest that poplar (aspen and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.)) mortality increased with consecutive years of insect defoliation occurring from the mid-1980s to mid-2000s and the proportion of poplars in the overstory, but decreased with improved pre-defoliation tree vigour (DBH increment). The first outbreak, which lasted from the mid-1980s to early 1990s, was more severe in terms of insect defoliation and contributed more to poplar mortality and decline. The decline began in the late 1990s and peaked in early 2000s. Poplar regeneration and understory shrubs responded rapidly to foliage loss to insect defoliation and mortality of overstory poplars. The regenerated poplars were able to maintain their growth under developing shrubs and residual overstory canopy and numbers were sufficient to compensate for the poplar trees lost to insect infestation. The defoliation-induced overstory decline will accelerate the transition of aspen stands to conifer dominance through enhanced conifer recruitment and growth, and reduced hardwood overstory in aspen-dominated stands, while hardwood dominance will persist in pure aspen stands. From a timber supply perspective, the decline caused by forest tent caterpillar defoliation could delay the availability of aspen stands for harvesting by 40–50 years.     

静电喷雾与非静电喷雾防治森林害虫对比试验

采用静电喷雾机进行了静电喷雾和非静电喷雾2%噻虫啉微胶囊悬浮剂和3%高渗苯氧威乳油防治马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus(Walker)、杨小舟蛾Micromelalopha troglodyta Graeser及杨扇舟蛾Clostera anachoreta(Fabricius)幼虫对比试验。结果表明:在同一药剂浓度下,林间防效静电喷雾明显优于常规喷雾;2%噻虫啉微胶囊悬浮剂4 000倍液和3%高渗苯氧威乳油3 000倍液可作为静电喷雾防治马尾松毛虫2～3龄幼虫和杨小舟蛾及杨扇舟蛾2～4龄幼虫的推荐使用浓度。