北美规格材机械分等综述

规格材的机械分等方法是北美一种很重要的分等体系, 即采用机械应力测定设备对木材进行非破坏性试验, 按测定的木材弯曲强度和弹性模量确定木材的材质等级。用于机械分等规格材的分选参数可以因不同工厂机械的具体情况而进行调整, 较目测分等更能适应现代化木材工业的发展要求。文中从分等方法的诞生、机械分等与目测分等相互关系、机械分等方法和标准、分等机构设置等方面介绍了北美规格材机械分等, 在此基础上分析了中国规格材分等的现状并对中国规格材分等提出了参考建议。     

落叶松规格材目测分等的研究

依照GB 50005-2003《木结构设计规范》规格材目测分等规则,对3种尺寸的兴安落叶松规格材进行目测分等,并分析降等缺陷。结果表明:不同尺寸规格材的等级比例不同;节子、轮裂/干裂和漏刨是规格材主要的降等缺陷。建议优化落叶松规格材加工方法,进一步完善干燥工艺,减少裂纹等缺陷,提高规格材加工质量和使用价值。     

基于不同目测分等规则落叶松锯材的试验研究

采用GB 50005—2003（木结构设计规范》、日本JAS 1152（集成材日本农林标准》和美国ASTMD 245-2006《确立目测分等木材的结构等级及有关允许性能的标准规程》三个目测分等规则,对黑龙江产536根规格为4000mm×110mm×30mm的人工林落叶松锯材进行目测分等。结果表明,中国标准的目测分等结果与美国标准近似,而日本标准对木材材质要求最为严格。     

中国与加拿大规格材目测分等规则的比较

分析我国GB 50005-2003<木结构设计规范>与加拿大规格材目测分等规则NLGA 2002的异同,并根据NLGA对中国杉木人工林规格材进行了目测分级试验.在此基础上,为我国规格材目测分等规则的修订与完善提出建议.     

谈用机械划分木材等级

对木材等级的划分,单纯靠目测方法存在许多弊端,也是不科学的。机械划分木材等级既避免目测方法的缺陷,又减少木材浪费。目前,机械划分木材等级分两种方式;加荷式和非加荷式。针对我国木材工业的状史,采用加荷式木材分等比较适宜。     

原条合理造材技术

原条合理造材技术李建友（吉林省大石头林业局）原条合理造材技术是以原条为对象，重点研究原条量材设计的方法与技巧，并从市场对原木产品的需求出发．以企业经营年度各项经济技术指标为依据．综合考虑木材缺陷对材质的影响、木材标准、木材价格以及原木材积等四要素．通...     

我国规格材机械应力分等检测技术现状与发展

随着规格材在国内木材领域中的应用范围越来越广泛,对规格材进行机械应力分等检测则显得越来越重要。笔者针对我国规格材机械应力分等检测技术的研究现状,归纳分析了现阶段主要的规格材机械应力分等检测方法的工作原理;介绍了国外比较常见、典型的规格材机械应力分等检测设备及国内开展该领域的研究状况,阐述了我国规格材机械应力分等检测方法的未来发展趋向。     

落叶松规格材机械应力分等方法的研究

对东北人工林落叶松规格材机械分等方法及其特征值进行了研究.结果表明,抗弯弹性模量与抗弯强度相关性较好,纵向振动法可作为落叶松规格材机械分等的有效方法.按照我国GB 50005-2003<木结构设计规范>的规定,落叶松规格材可归类为M14～M35之间的等级;通过机械分等,大大提高了落叶松规格材的强度设计值.     

人工林花旗松建筑材的干燥变形分析

根据新西兰的木材干燥变形分等标准,研究了花旗松建筑规格材的干燥变形,并分析了幼龄材含量和板材类型对干燥变形的影响.结果表明:干燥前的板院堆放,有利于平衡心边材含水率差异,干燥后的含水率可以满足建筑规格材的需求;径切板的侧弯是花旗松木材干燥变形降等的首要原因;幼龄材含量越高,干燥变形降等越严重.     

浅谈木材缺陷对材质和材性的影响

木材缺陷对材质和材性都有一定的影响。在森林资源日盗减少,木材供不应求的情况,研究和探讨木材缺陷存在规律对于合理造材设计,提高木材产品质量,提高售价,充分合理上利用带有缺陷的木材,有着非常重要的现实意义。     

落叶松锯材目测分级与力学性能相关性的研究

以落叶松锯材为试验对象,依据GBS0005—2003《木结构设计规范》中外观分等的相关规则。对人工林落叶松锯材进行了以节子为检量对象的外观分等试验,并对分等后的锯材进行了弯曲破坏试验,分析比较了外观分等结果与其弯曲破坏检测结果的相关关系。     

Applicability of Visual Grading to Chinese Fir Structural Lumber

As one of the most important plantations, Chinese fir has drawn more and more attention from domestic wood researchers. And as the development and increasing of plantation resource of Chinese fir, research and development of the product will become a hot point. In this paper, we chose 1 571 pieces of structural lumbers from 4 areas to research grading. After sawing, drying and dressing, the lumbers were separated into 3 main grades by GB50005-2003 Code for Design of Timber Structures, namely SS, No. 1 and No.2. The conclusions are that knot as the maximum strength reduced defect （MSRD） is a main character in the lumber, the visual quality of Fujian structural lumbers is polarized, and the applicability of visual grading to the lumber is poor, so we hold the point that we should adjust the grading rules to gain a better grading result.     

规格材强度性能测试方法的研究进展

规格材是现代轻型木结构建筑的主要用材.本文简要阐述了规格材的相关概念、北美分级测试系统的研究进展,分析了不同测试条件对强度测试值的影响,结合我国现状,预测今后规格材强度测试的发展趋势并提出建议.     

Differences of tensile strength distributions between mechanically high-grade and low-grade Japanese larch lumber III: effect of knot restriction on the strength of lumber

It is well known that the presence of knots in structural lumber is one of the most important strengthreducing factors. For practical purposes, visual grading including knot restriction is an effective method for nondestructive evaluation of strength. Edge knot restriction for not only visually graded lumbers but also mechanically graded lumbers is specified in the Japanese agricultural standards for glued laminated lumber. We conducted experimental studies on differences of tensile strength distributions between mechanically high-grade and low-grade Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi, carriere) lumbers daily used for manufacturing glued laminated timbers in Nagano, Japan. We then examined the additional visual grading of mechanically graded lumbers for nondestructive evaluation. We visually graded the prepared mechanically graded lumber by focusing on the knots' area ratio of grouped knots. We confirmed that the higher visual grade related to the stronger tensile strength, similar to our present knowledge; but the effects of knot restriction were reduced when the length of the lumber increased in view of nonparametric 5th percentiles of tensile strength. The differences in the strength/elasticity ratio between mechanically high-grade and low-grade lumber were negligible. It was clear that the length effect on the ratio in visually graded high-grade lumber was smaller than that of visually graded low-grade lumber. It was thus concluded that knot restriction should have little effect on the tensile strength of mechanically graded lumber.     

落叶松锯材外观分等与机械应力分等的试验研究

根据中国、日本、美国三国的外观分等标准,对落叶松试材进行了以强度为基础的外观分等;采用机械应力分等机对落叶松试材进行了应力分等试验,并分析比较了三国不同的外观分等结果与机械应力分等检测的相关关系。     

木材规格材研究现状与展望

从轻型木结构房屋的角度阐述了规格材的用途, 包括规格材基本概念、规格材分等研究现状、规格材测试研究现状及与规格材有关的标准的研究现状等; 通过对规格材研究的展望, 提出了今后进行规格材研究的主要方向。     

北美的分级测试项目简介

本文介绍了北美的分级测试项目的背景,简要介绍了锯材应力赋值的历史以及促使锯材工业进行此项研究的原动力.     

Stress wave sorting of red maple logs for structural quality

Existing log grading procedures in the United States make only visual assessments of log quality. These procedures do not incorporate estimates of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of logs. It is questionable whether the visual grading procedures currently used for logs adequately assess the potential quality of structural products manufactured from them, especially those for which MOE is of primary concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of stress wave nondestructive evaluation techniques to sort red maple logs for the potential quality of lumber obtained from them. Ninety-five red maple logs were nondestructively evaluated using longitudinal stress wave techniques and sorted into four stress wave grades. The logs were then sawn into cants and lumber. The same procedure was used to obtain stress wave times in the cants and lumber. The lumber specimens were then dried and graded using a transverse vibration technique. The results of this study showed that good relationships existed between stress wave times measured in logs, cants, and the lumber produced from the logs. It was found that log stress wave grades have positive relationships with the lumber grades. Logs with high stress wave grades produced high-grade lumber. These findings indicate that the longitudinal stress wave technique has potential in sorting logs and cants for the production of high MOE products.The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and it is therefore in the public domain and not subject to copyright.     

北美地区杨树木材利用现状与前景

过去20多年, 北美地区的杨树已经从杂草树种转变为产生巨大经济效益的用材林树种, 杨树木材因其具有较高纤维素含量和较低的木质素含量, 适合用作纸浆和纸制品的原料。杨木制浆方法有机械法、化学法、半化学法和化学机械法, 杨木浆可以作为高级纸、纸板、新闻纸和包装纸。杨木牛皮纸浆与针叶材牛皮纸浆混合, 具有良好的成纸性能, 透明度高, 适合制作高级用纸。杨木也是传统的锯材、单板和胶合板工业的原材料, 用来生产锯材、单板、胶合板、木质复合板、包装箱、集装箱、火柴杆和筷子等。最近10年杨木定向刨花板和结构复合板产量显著增加, 利用前景广阔。从资源生产的角度来看, 在改良木材化学组成、纤维质量和自然耐久性等方面进行木材性质改良的转基因杨树研究取得了长足进展。从资源利用角度来看, 高价值的工程复合板和高得率的纸浆和纸产品将会在未来发展中快速增长。