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基于当前新疆的自动灌溉系统还处于低水平的试用阶段,针对新疆自动滴灌系统中存在的电缆数量多、安装和维护困难等问题,提出了一种无线智能灌溉阀门控制系统并且针对新疆棉花灌溉研制出一种能够满足要求的无线智能阀门控制器。该控制器包括控制单元、功率单元、无线通讯单元、继电器升压驱动单元和状态反馈单元等。远程控制中心将通过无线通讯单元向阀门控制器发送控制命令,开启继电器驱动单元,开启或关闭灌溉电磁阀。控制器的功能包括远程控制、参数设置、反馈状态检测等。该控制器的设计合理、命令简单和低成本等特点,经过在实验室试用结果表明,该控制器运行稳定,准确性和即时性达到要求能够为新疆运程自动滴灌带来方便。 相似文献
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基于无线传感器网络的节水灌溉远程监控系统 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了节约农田灌溉用水,提高水资源的使用效率,提出了一种基于无线传感器网络与GPRS网络相结的农田自动节水灌溉远程监控系统,该系统由中央监控计算机、灌溉监测控制器、无线传感器网络、GPRS模块和阀门控制器组成。系统以单片机为控制核心,由无线传感器节点、无线路由节点和无线网关实时监测土壤含水率变化,根据土壤含水率和农田用水规律实施精确灌溉。系统实现了节水灌溉的自动化控制,改善了农业灌溉水资源的高效利用和灌溉系统自动化水平。实验结果表明,整个系统的伸缩性较好,当土壤含水率太高或某种因素导致某些传感器节点损坏,系统中的其他部分仍能持续正常工作,具有自组织重新恢复的功能。监控中心能够实时地显示出各节点的土壤含水率参数和阀门的启停状况,实现节水灌溉的远程监控。 相似文献
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基于无线传感器网络的茶园分布式灌溉控制系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为实现茶树需水信息准确检测和茶园精量灌溉自动控制,设计了一套基于无线传感器网络的茶园分布式灌溉控制系统,给出了系统体系结构及软、硬件实现方法;针对无线传感器网络节点在茶园内高度分散的特点,提出两种适用于不同规模茶园的分布式灌溉控制方案,设计了由模糊控制器和最优化控制器组成的分层灌溉控制器,使得系统可在满足一定性能指标前提下,实现茶园精量灌溉控制.试验结果表明系统设计合理可行,特别适用于大型农田、果园、苗圃等区域的精量灌溉. 相似文献
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低功耗实时唤醒式无线灌溉控制器的设计与实现 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为降低现有农业无线灌溉系统中控制节点的能耗,延长无线灌溉网络的生命周期,采用OOK调制技术,设计了一种低功耗唤醒装置,改变了当前无线灌溉系统中定时周期唤醒方式,减少了系统中开销,并实现了在4 3 4 MHz频段下无线灌溉控制器的研制。控制器主要由C8 0 5 1 F9 6 5单片机、电源电路、电磁阀驱动电路、唤醒电路、无线收发通道和开关量采集电路组成。该控制器由基站发送指令控制,根据距离远近,自适应寻址接收信号,实现实时采集和控制。经试验测得:额定容量为250m Ah的单节碱性9V电池,可使控制器工作一个灌溉季以上;与采用传统唤醒方式相比,系统不仅降低了能耗,而且提高了响应速度。 相似文献
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根据节水灌溉的实际需要,设计了一种太阳能自供电的温湿度无线传感器。该传感器利用FD阻抗变换原理测量土壤水分,内置锂电池、充电管理电路和放电保护电路,可依靠太阳能供电长时间稳定工作,无线传输距离最远可达100m。实现了温湿度传感器在农田环境下的无线工作和对土壤水分的网络化实时监测。可以适用于各种农业自动化灌溉系统。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究在正常使用条件下10W/30-QC级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Weibull分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数m之最佳线性无偏估计(BLUE)同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡(镇)农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡(镇)农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献