3YC-50型常温烟雾机

江苏省南京农业机械化研究所引进日本常温烟雾技术,开发出了供温室使用的高效安全的3YC-50型常温烟雾机,并已通过农业部专家的验收。 设施农业的塑料大棚、日光温室中的病虫害防治,若采用传统的手动喷雾器施药,操作不便,防效不高,易污染环境,对人体不安全,同时,由于喷雾量大,增加了温室内湿度,也容易诱发其他病虫害。而新开发的     

3YC-50型常温烟雾机

江苏省南京农业机械化研究所引进日本常温烟雾技术，开发出了供温室使用的高效安全的3YC-50型常温烟雾机，并已通过农来部专家的验收。 设施农业如塑料大棚、日光温室中的病虫害防治，若采用传统的手劲……     

内燃机驱动常温烟雾机及其施药技术

常温烟雾施药法是设施农业病虫害防治的新技术。为了向缺电区域提供施药机具．本项目在研制电力驱动常温烟雾机的基础上，开发了高速空气压缩机、配置了小型汽油机、直流发电装置，研制了3YC-50J型内燃机驱动常温烟雾机。通过机具性能试验、质量检测和田间生产防治病虫害效果试验．表明机具性能良好、质量可靠、使用方便、防效显著：并探索了具体的施药方法。     

设施固定管道式二相流常温烟雾系统雾滴沉积试验

针对缺乏设施专用高效施药机具,现有机具雾化性能差,农药有效利用率低,人员受毒害严重等问题,设计了设施固定管道式二相流常温烟雾系统,并结合推车式常温烟雾机,进行了喷雾性能对比试验,同时以结果期苏椒5号为试验对象,研究了作物冠层对二相流烟雾系统雾滴沉积分布的影响。试验设置二相流烟雾系统的工作气压为0.3MPa,液压为0.05MPa,施药流量为2L/min;常温烟雾机放置在温室中间位置距离前方采集区域2m处,风筒与水平地面呈15°倾角,向正前方喷雾,施药流量为1.5L/min,总施药时间为5min。结果表明,二相流烟雾系统每个采集区域的沉积量最大值均出现在喷头喷射方向前方约1m处（采样点4或5,与喷头喷射方向有关）,CV1稳定在25%~35%之间,反映出横向各采样点雾滴沉积量的差异和分布规律的一致性;常温烟雾机雾滴沉积量在前、中、后各区域内的变异系数分别为70%、29%和0,导致前方（7~9m）各采样点雾滴沉积量变异系数高达70%的原因是雾滴集中沉积在烟雾机前方的固定区域（采样点3~6）,而在两侧的沉积量过低,后方（41~43m）沉积量变异系数为0,是因为烟雾机风送距离有限导致后方各采样点无雾滴沉积。从沉积量的区间分布特性看,与常温烟雾机相比,二相流烟雾系统各采集区域雾滴沉积量的变异系数仅为13%。以上结果说明,二相流烟雾系统能够实现整个棚室的无人施药作业,且雾滴沉积分布均匀性较好;棚室内作物的存在有利于雾滴在周围叶片上聚集,雾滴沉积量在竖直高度和不同区域的分布无显著差异,变异系数不大于13%。综上所述,二相流烟雾系统工作性能稳定,雾滴分布均匀,可明显提升对病虫害的防治效果,能够实现人药分离作业。     

3YC型常温烟雾机

3YC型常温烟雾机由农业部南京农业机械化研究所研制,并投入批量生产。该机主要用于温室、蔬菜大棚及农副产品贮藏设施等,具有烟雾扩散均匀、省水、无污染等特点,是防治病虫害的重要机具。配套动力为0.8～2kW,烟雾粒度直径小于20μm,每台防治面积为500～5000m2。3YC型常温烟雾机     

温室大棚作业新机具

1.3YC型常温烟雾机3YC型常温烟雾机由农业部南京农业机械化研究所引进技术,经国产化设计研制成功,并投入批量生产。该机(分大中小型)主要用于温室、蔬菜大棚及农副产品贮藏设施等,具有烟雾扩散均匀、省水、无污染等特点,是防治病虫害的重要机具。其配套动力为0.8kW￣2kW,烟雾粒     

密闭空间冷烟雾滴沉积分布特性研究

对常温烟雾机进行了密闭棚室喷雾试验,研究常温烟雾施药技术在南方中档塑料棚室内的喷雾适应性、雾滴沉降分布规律、雾滴沉积密度及试验参数设置合理性。结果表明：雾滴沉积均匀性较好,变异系数平均为0．28;雾滴沉积密度很高,平均在31．44粒／mm^2;试验参数设置基本合理。采用常温烟雾施药技术将提升设施农业病虫害防治水平。     

常温烟雾机棚室喷雾雾滴沉积分布试验研究

应用常温烟雾机进行了棚室喷雾试验,研究常温烟雾施药技术在南方中档塑料棚室内的喷雾适应性、雾滴沉降分布规律、雾滴沉积密度及试验参数设置合理性.结果表明：雾滴沉积均匀性较好,变异系数平均为0.28;雾滴沉积密度很高,平均在31.44粒/mm^2;试验参数设置基本合理.采用常温烟雾施药技术将提升设施农业病虫害防治水平.     

悬挂式常温烟雾机气流场与雾滴沉积三维模拟与试验

基于CFD三维模拟技术,建立了常温烟雾机在密闭温室内作业的气流速度场模型及雾滴沉积分布模型,分析了常温烟雾机的气流速度场及雾滴沉积分布特性,并进行试验验证。模拟结果表明,常温烟雾机有效风送距离与风送速度呈正比,在喷雾高度为1.5 m时常温烟雾机风送距离最短;风送速度为5 m/s和25 m/s时雾滴质量流率较大,风送速度为20 m/s以上、喷雾高度在2.0 m以上时,雾滴沉积均匀性较好。模拟与试验结果对比说明,在风机作用区域内,所建立气流速度场数值模型模拟相对误差为10%~35%,雾滴沉积分布模型模拟相对误差为15%~35%,可较准确预测常温烟雾机气流速度场与雾滴沉积分布。     

静电喷雾喷粉机防治白菜菜青虫田间试验

为了验证背负式静电喷雾喷粉机对农田蔬菜病虫害的防治效果,以白菜为试验对象,进行防治白菜菜青虫的田间试验。试验结果表明：该机防治菜青虫的效果明显好于3WF-2．6型机背负式喷雾喷粉机和DHF-16A背负式手动喷雾器,适用于蔬菜田的病虫防治。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.