不同药物组合对山羊肝片吸虫及消化道线虫驱除效果的试验

作者应用4组不同药物对放牧的浏阳黑山羊进行了驱虫试验，结果表明：应用硝碘酚腈 左旋味唑组(Ⅰ组)，以及硫双二氯酚 左旋咪唑组(Ⅱ组)肝片吸虫和线虫减卵率均为100％，剖检查虫肝片吸虫和线虫均为阴性。应用硝氯酚 驱虫精组(Ⅲ组)肝片吸虫和线虫减卵率分别为90.5％和81.0％，剖检查虫肝片吸虫为阴性，线虫18条。应用肝蛭净 驱虫精组(Ⅳ组)肝片吸虫和线虫减卵率分别为59.1％和91.6％，剖检查虫肝片吸虫和线虫分别为12条和6条。因而认为Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组的药物组合对驱除山羊肝片吸虫及消化道线虫效果较好。     

两种驱虫药对肝片吸虫体内γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响

用ＨＰＬＣ法测定在加了不同浓度硝氯酚和丙硫咪唑的Ｒ氏液中体外培养的肝片吸虫体内γ＿氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）的含量，结果证实硝氯酚能极显著地降低肝片吸虫体内ＧＡＢＡ含量，丙硫咪唑对肝片吸虫体内ＧＡＢＡ含量无显著性影响，硝氯酚的抗肝片吸虫作用可能与ＧＡＢＡ有关，丙硫咪唑的抗吸虫作用可能与ＧＡＢＡ无关。     

羊肝片吸虫病药物防治对比试验报告

将60只羊随机分成4组:对照组、丙硫苯咪唑组、硝氯酚组和硫双二氯酚组,进行了驱除肝片吸虫的对比试验。结果表明,丙硫苯咪唑、硝氯酚对羊的肝片吸虫较硫双二氯酚有良好的驱杀作用,其结果为弥渡县羊肝片吸虫病的有效防治提供了一定的参考。     

硝碘酚腈注射液的初步安全性评价

为评价硝碘酚腈注射液的安全性,对硝碘酚腈注射液进行急性毒性试验和蓄积毒性试验,结果显示硝碘酚腈注射液的LD50为68.37 mg/kg,硝碘酚静注射液为中等毒性并有明显的蓄积毒性。     

羊肝片吸虫病药物筛选和疗效观察试验

本试验对经肝片吸虫虫卵检查的羊只,同时选取对该病有效的阿苯达唑、三氯苯达唑、碘醚柳胺、硝氯酚进行了临床疗效观察.结果表明:三氯苯达唑对急性感染期的幼虫效果最明显,碘醚柳胺对幼虫和成虫均有较好的作用,阿苯达唑和硝氯酚则对幼虫无效.虫卵检测和疗效观察试验结果基本吻合.     

三氯苯咪唑

三氯苯咪唑是陕西汉江药业股份有限公司于2002年自主研制开发的一种苯丙类驱虫药，在用于治疗牛、羊肝片吸虫病方面优于目前使用的硝氯酚、双醋胺苯氧乙醚、碘醚柳胺、氯氰柳胺等药品。是目前抗肝片吸虫药中唯一对肝片吸虫成虫及童虫都具有强烈抑制作用、用药安全范围大，毒副作用小，公共危害较小的药品。     

硝碘酚腈(nitroxynil)对羊鼻蝇的效果

Bouchet和其他人(1974)用不同剂量的硝碘酚腈给感染了羊鼻蝇的绵羊皮下注射,证实每公斤体重用20mg的硝碘酚腈,具有很高的疗效,但低剂量硝碘酚腈注射的     

应用三氯苯唑控制羊春乏季节肝片吸虫病试验

目的为有效预防和控制定西市羊肝片吸虫的发生。方法选用三氯苯唑利用不同剂量和不同时间进行羊肝片吸虫驱治效果及最佳驱治时间的试验,并以硝氯酚驱虫作为对照。结果选用不同剂量的三氯苯唑对各个阶段羊肝片吸虫驱治率均可达到99.8%-100%;三氯苯唑驱虫组分别在10月、11月、12月对肝片吸虫进行驱治,来年4月份肝片吸虫驱净率分别为10%、60%和100%;硝氯酚驱虫组为30%。结论利用三氯苯唑在每年12月份驱治羊肝片吸虫,可达到春季羊体内无肝片吸虫的最佳效果,能彻底控制和消灭羊肝片吸虫病的发生。     

两种药物驱除藏系绵羊肝片吸虫的效果对比试验

本试验用硝氯酚片和氯苯达唑片驱除藏系绵羊肝片吸虫。结果表明,两药物的驱虫效果基本相同,综合考虑应用三氯达唑片优于硝氯酚片。     

氯氰碘柳胺钠对羊肝片吸虫疗效研究

为了研究氯氰碘柳胺钠驱除羊肝片吸虫的疗效,分别采用硝氯酚(对照组)与氯氰碘柳胺钠(试验组)驱除羊肝片吸虫,对比试验两组治疗前后的羊感染肝片吸虫总虫卵数变化情况。结果表明,就虫卵减少率来讲,试验组患者的98.67%明显高于对照组的81.76%(P0.05);就不良反应发生率来讲,试验组(8.00%)明显低于对照组(40.00%)(P0.05)。采用氯氰碘柳胺钠驱除羊肝片吸虫的效果较为显著,且不良反应较小,值得推广使用。     

Effect of including relationships in the estimation of genetic parameters of beef calves.

Variances and covariances for birth weight, gain from birth to weaning (ADG), and 205-d weight were obtained from a sire-dam model and a sire-maternal grandsire model for a herd of Angus and a herd of Hereford cattle. Estimates of direct additive genetic variance (sigma 2A), maternal additive genetic variance (sigma 2M), covariance between direct and maternal additive genetic effects (sigma AM), permanent environmental variance (sigma 2PE), and residual variance (sigma 2e) were obtained both with and without the inverse of the numerator relationship matrix (A-1) included. Estimates of heritability for direct genetic effects (h2A), maternal genetic effects (h2M), and the correlation between direct and maternal effects (rAM) for birth weight were .37, .18, and -.01 in Angus and .53, .23, and -.19 in Herefords, respectively, for the analyses without A-1. For the analyses with A-1, estimates of h2A, h2M, and rAM were .42, .22, and -.12 for Angus and .58, .22, and -.13 for Herefords, respectively. Estimates of h2A, h2M, and rAM for ADG were .43, .15, and -.44 in Angus and .52, .38, and -.03 in Herefords, respectively, without A-1. With A-1, estimates of h2A, h2M, and rAM were .57, .15, and -.32 for Angus and .58, .39, and -.05 for Herefords, respectively. Estimates of h2A, h2M, and rAM for 205-d weight were .49, .15, and -.46 for Angus and .58, .43, and -.06 for Herefords, respectively, without A-1. With A-1, estimates of h2A, h2M, and rAM were .63, .16, and -.36 for Angus and .66, .43, and -.08 for Herefords, respectively. Estimates of h2A were higher with A-1 than without A-1, but estimates of h2M were similar. Using variances and covariances obtained from analyses including A-1 generally gave higher estimates of direct breeding values than using variances and covariances obtained from analyses not including A-1. Both Pearson product-moment and Spearman rank correlations were high (.99) between estimates of breeding values from the two analyses, although some changes in rank did occur.     

哺乳期犊牛健康管理

哺乳期犊牛是奶牛生命周期的开始,也是奶牛整个生命周期中最为脆弱的阶段,其健康状况可直接影响牧场的可持续发展和经营效率。在哺乳期,犊牛可面临多种疾病的挑战,但消化道疾病和呼吸道疾病是全球奶牛养殖业面临的共性问题。本文对哺乳期犊牛健康状况、初乳管理、犊牛腹泻和呼吸道疾病的管理进行了梳理,并对其防控提出了建议。初乳管理方面分析了影响初乳质量的因素、初乳储存与处理和饲喂管理;犊牛健康管理部分叙述了产圈管理、饲养环境和饲喂方式、营养及饲喂管理、疫苗免疫、通风、疾病早期诊断、应激管理和患犊管理。     

Genetic parameters for production traits and measures of residual feed intake in large white swine.

The purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for ADG, backfat thickness and loin eye area (LEA), and measures of feed intake and efficiency for purebred Large White boars born from 1990 to 1997. Boars from 60% of the litters were culled at weaning based on a maternal breeding value (index) of the dam, and remaining boars (n = 26,706) were grown to 100 d of age. Selection of boars for individual pen testing was based on a combination of growth and maternal indices. Boars were fed a corn-soybean meal diet that was 1.14% lysine, 19% protein, and 3,344 kcal/kg ME for approximately 77 d. Boars were weighed at the beginning and end of the test, and feed intake was recorded. Daily feed intake (DFI), ADG, and feed:gain ratio (FG) were computed. Four measures of residual feed intake (RFI) were estimated as the difference between actual feed intake and that predicted from models that included 1) initial test age and weight and test ADG (RFI1); 2) initial test age and weight, test ADG, and backfat (RFI2); 3) initial test age and weight, test ADG, and LEA (RFI3); and 4) initial test age and weight, test ADG, backfat, and LEA (RFI4). Genetic parameters were estimated using an animal model and single- or multiple-trait DFREML procedures. Models included fixed effects of contemporary groups and initial test age as a covariate and random animal and litter effects. Heritability estimates for test ADG, DFI, FG, backfat, LEA, RFI1, RFI2, RFI3, and RFI4 were .24, .23, .16, .36, .24, .17, .11, .15, and .10, respectively. Genetic correlations between ADG and backfat, ADG and LEA, ADG and DFI, and ADG and FG were .37, .36, .82, and -.32, respectively. Genetic correlations between ADG and measures of residual feed intake ranged from .11 to .18. Genetic correlations of backfat with LEA, DFI, and FG were -.27, .64, and .40, respectively. Genetic correlations of backfat with RFI measures were higher when backfat was not included in the estimation of RFI. Genetic correlations for LEA with DFI and FG were 0 and -.52, respectively. Genetic correlations for LEA with RFI measures were all negative and ranged from -.31 to -.51. Genetic correlations indicate that selection for reduced RFI could be made without adversely affecting ADG. Backfat should also decrease, and LEA should increase. The amount of change in backfat or LEA would depend on the measure of RFI used.     

NaCl胁迫对藜麦种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

本研究报道了不同浓度NaCl处理对藜麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响,以确定藜麦的耐盐阈值,为藜麦在盐渍土地种植提供理论依据。结果表明,不同浓度NaCl处理对藜麦种子萌发和幼苗生理特性均产生显著影响,主要表现为,1)随着NaCl浓度的升高,藜麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均呈逐渐降低的趋势,当NaCl浓度达到3.0%时,藜麦种子几乎不发芽;2)幼苗叶片含水量逐渐降低,可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量、相对电导率及O₂^-·产生速率呈逐渐升高的趋势,叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在NaCl浓度为1.8%时达到最大值,而后随着NaCl浓度的升高呈降低的趋势;3)NaCl胁迫显著抑制了藜麦幼苗株高、茎粗的增加,根长的生长随着NaCl浓度的升高呈先增加后减少的趋势,在NaCl浓度为1.8%时根长最长,达到11.73 cm。说明低浓度(≤1.8%)NaCl处理对藜麦幼苗生长具有促进作用,而高浓度的NaCl处理则对其有抑制作用。藜麦耐盐阈值为1.8%。     

柴达木盆地6种灌木主要渗透调节物质分布特征和抗旱性研究

对青海省柴达木盆地温性荒漠区主要野生灌木驼绒藜、唐古特白刺、柽柳、盐爪爪、梭梭、木本猪毛菜不同器官(根、枝、叶)的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量,以及叶片和嫩枝叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量进行测定。结果表明,唐古特白刺和柽柳各器官的脯氨酸和叶绿素含量显著高于其他4种灌木,木本猪毛菜根系具较高脯氨酸含量;植物可溶性糖含量不同器官存在差异,木本猪毛菜各器官、唐古特白刺和柽柳叶片的根系可溶性糖含量较高;所有植物叶绿素a>叶绿素b,嫩枝叶绿素含量比叶片少。由模糊数学隶属函数得出,唐古特白刺抗旱性最强,柽柳和木本猪毛菜次之,梭梭,盐爪爪和驼绒藜的抗旱性较弱。     

Chronic pancreatitis with secondary diabetes mellitus treated by use of insulin in an adult California sea lion

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 21-year-old neutered male captive California sea lion developed chronic polyuria; polydipsia; polyphagia; accelerated development of existing cataracts; and frequent episodes of gastrointestinal upset including anorexia, signs of abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and vomiting. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Chronic hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria were identified. During episodes of gastrointestinal abnormalities, transient hyperbilirubinemia and increased serum J-glutamyltransferase activities developed. Clinical findings strongly suggested chronic pancreatitis with secondary diabetes mellitus and intermittent cholestasis. Multiple diagnostic tests, including abdominal ultrasonography, serial hematologic and serum biochemical analyses, fecal examinations, urinalyses and bacteriologic culture of urine, measurement of serum fructosamine and insulin concentrations, and evaluation of thyroid and adrenal function, did not reveal any specific parasitic, endocrine, hepatic, or neoplastic etiologies. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: For 1.5 years, the sea lion received once-daily administration of glargine insulin, gastrointestinal protectants, and a strict high-protein, low-fat diet. Daily monitoring of glucose regulation was achieved by training the sea lion to submit to blood and urine sampling. Glucose regulation ranged from fair to good, and clinical signs of diabetes mellitus lessened. Episodes of gastrointestinal upset still occurred, although the frequency and severity decreased. Ultimately, a severe episode developed, associated with diabetic ketoacidosis and sepsis, and the sea lion died. Severe fibrosing pancreatitis with exocrine and endocrine atrophy and abscesses arising from ectatic pancreatic ducts were found. Peripancreatic fibrosis caused stricture of the common bile duct, resulting in gallbladder distension without cholecystitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Diabetes mellitus can occur secondary to chronic pancreatitis in California sea lions and insulin therapy should be considered.     

高光合效率小豆筛选与营养价值评价

为了筛选适宜于安徽地区种植的肥饲兼用型小豆种质资源,于2011-2013年在安徽科技学院通过田间试验和盆栽试验对7种小豆进行评价,记载各种小豆的根、茎、叶、花、荚果及种子的形态特征、生长特性、产量和干物质积累效率,测定各种小豆在盛花期的叶片光合效率、根瘤量和氮、磷、钾、铁、锌养分含量及粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、氨基酸含量。结果表明,早熟黑小豆表现为中熟,晚熟黑小豆表现为迟熟,其他种(属)表现为早熟;兴安红豆叶片光合效率和干物质积累效率最高;晚熟黑小豆根瘤最多、根瘤量可达地下部总重的28.8%,其鲜草产量、干物量、种子产量、蛋白质产量最高,固氮和富集钾、铁、锌能力最强,而富集磷能力最强的是早熟黑小豆和兴安红豆;晚熟黑小豆鲜草水分含量较高而粗纤维含量最低,饲用适口性好。从光合效率、鲜草产量、干物量、营养价值、养分富集能力和生育期等方面综合考虑,初步认为兴安红豆、早熟黑小豆和晚熟黑小豆适宜于安徽地区种植。     

Genetic parameters for growth traits for a composite terminal sire breed of sheep.

Records of 9,055 lambs from a composite population originating from crossing Columbia rams to Hampshire x Suffolk ewes at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were used to estimate genetic parameters among growth traits. Traits analyzed were weights at birth (BWT), weaning (7 wk, WWT), 19 mo (W19), and 31 mo (W31) and postweaning ADG from 9 to 18 or 19 wk of age. The ADG was also divided into daily gain of males (DGM) and daily gain of females (DGF). These two traits were analyzed with W19 and with W31 in three-trait analyses. (Co)variance components were estimated with REML for an animal model that included fixed effects of sex, age of dam, type of birth or rearing, and contemporary group. Random effects were direct and maternal genetic of animal and dam with genetic covariance, maternal permanent environmental, and random residual. Estimates of direct heritability were .09, .09, .35, .44, .19, .16, and .23 for BWT, WWT, W19, W31, ADG, DGM, and DGF, respectively. Estimates of maternal permanent environmental variance as a proportion of phenotypic variance were .09, .12, .03, .03, .03, .06, and .02, respectively. Estimates of maternal heritability were .17 and .09 for BWT and WWT and .01 to .03 for other traits. Estimates of genetic correlations were large among W19, W31, and ADG (.69 to .97), small between BWT and W31 or ADG, and moderate for other pairs of traits (.32 to .45). The estimate of genetic correlation between DGM and DGF was .94, and the correlation between maternal permanent environmental effects for these traits was .56. For the three-trait analyses, the genetic correlations of DGM and DGF with W19 were .69 and .82 and with W31 were .67 and .67, respectively. Results show that models for genetic evaluation for BWT and WWT should include maternal genetic effects. Estimates of genetic correlations show that selection for ADG in either sex can be from records of either sex (DGM or DGF) and that selection for daily gain will result in increases in mature weight but that BWT is not correlated with weight at 31 mo.     

Myonecrosis and cutaneous infarction associated with Salmonella serovar Infantum infection in a horse

A 5-year-old Quarter Horse mare was referred for evaluation of oral ulcers, limb edema, weight loss, and weakness. There was marked diffuse swelling extending from the stifle region to the tarsal region of the left hind limb, and the horse had a left hind limb lameness. Firm swellings ranging from 2 to 15 cm in diameter and consisting of nodules, plaques, and discrete masses were palpated on both sides of the neck, over the right shoulder region, over the left elbow region, and over the left caudoventral aspect of the abdomen. Laboratory abnormalities included hypoproteinemia, neutrophilia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Results of ultrasonographic examination of the left hind limb and masses were suggestive of muscle edema, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen from a subcutaneous mass revealed necrotizing, suppurative myositis. The horse's condition gradually deteriorated, and the horse was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed myonecrosis, cutaneous infarcts, hepatic abscesses, and cholangitis. Salmonella serovar Infantum was cultured from liver and muscle lesions, and a diagnosis of Salmonella myonecrosis was made.