我国马铃薯育种方式的变迁及其转基因育种研究进展

我国马铃薯品种选育经历了引种鉴定选育、杂交选育、细胞工程选育和基因工程选育4个阶段,培育出大量的各种类型品种,其中基因工程育种始于近年,已在抗病毒病、抗细菌和真菌病、品质改良和提高抗逆性方面取得了一定的进展。     

2011年江西省棉花品种区域试验结果与评述

1试验概况 2011年江西省棉花品种区域试验分A和B两组,均以江西省棉花研究所选育的赣棉杂1号为对照,A组参试品种有江西雅农科技实业有限公司选育的雅杂棉10号、江苏省宿迁市农业科学研究院选育的泗阳226、江西科隆种业有限公司选育的科隆8号、江西彭泽县农业局张根培选育的杂1028、江苏徐淮地区农业科学研究所选育的徐D619、湖南隆平高科亚华棉油种子有限公司选育的X179、浙江省慈溪市农业科学研究所选育的慈杂11、湖北省种子集团公司选育的KRZ011、湖南省棉花科学研究所选育的ZHM07D4、江西省棉花研究所选育的赣杂棉0906、湖北省沙洋监狱管理局农业科学研究所选育的JN20-08;     

超级小麦育种的探讨

超级小麦育种,是21世纪的主攻目标,选育9 750~11 250kg/hm2超级小麦新品种,是小麦育种工作者共同追求和努力的方向,也是笔者常思久盼的育种目标的幻想。为加快超级小麦新品种选育步伐,尽早达到育种目标,针对超级小麦新品种选育的产量潜力、目标及主攻难点、选育途径进行了探讨,并为该品种的选育成功而奠定理论和物质基础。     

辽宁省玉米育种的回顾与思考

讨论了辽宁省玉米育种目标的变化、育种技术方法的变化与进步,回顾了杂交种的选育、种质创新与自交系选育取得的重要成就。介绍了农家品种、综合种、品种间杂交种的鉴选与应用,分析了杂交种的选育和应用、自交系的选育和种质创新、理论研究。就辽宁省玉米育种现状从种质、育种方法、目标和品种审定进行了阐述。     

安徽省三系杂交籼稻育种现状与展望

综述了安徽省２０ａ来三系杂交籼稻的育种成就和存在问题,指出今后的育种目标应主攻早熟、优质、超高产,并选育适于机械化制种和耐旱的组合;技术路线上早杂以选育早熟恢复系,中晚杂以选育优质不育系,亚种间组合以选育广亲和不育系为主。     

国外甜菜二倍体授粉系的选育

详细论述了国外甜菜育种家选育甜菜二倍体授粉系的一整套育种程序,该套选育程序设计思路独到、科学、严谨.选育效率高,具有很强的可操作性,亲本的选育与品种的选育同步进行,这些都与国内传统的甜菜育种存在着很大的差异.非常值得国内的同行们去研究、学习和借鉴.     

四川甘蔗品种选育之对照品种选择的探讨

根据气候条件和品种现状,四川盆地蔗区糖蔗品种选育,宜只选育早熟品种,用川蔗17号做对照品种;果蔗品种选育对熟期的要求并不严格,可用华南54-11;糖果兼用蔗品种选育,选育早熟品种,用川蔗23号,若选育中熟品种,则用川蔗6号;在攀西蔗区,糖蔗品种选育,应偏重早熟品种和中熟品种,早熟品种选育用桂糖1号做对照品种,中熟品种选育用川蔗6号,晚熟品种选育用川蔗13号。盆地蔗区不宜用川蔗13号做对照品种。     

黑龙江省玉米育种研究回顾与展望

系统阐述了黑龙江省玉米育种五十年在农家品种、综合种、品种间杂交种的鉴选与应用。讨论了杂交种的选育和应用、自交系的选育和基础材料的创造、基础理论研究、专用玉米育种方面的发展历程与研究进展,回顾了育种目标的变化发展、育种技术方法的变化与进步、杂交种的选育推广、种质创新与自交系的选育取得的重要成就,对黑龙江省玉米育种未来发展提出建议和展望。     

转基因抗虫棉新品种GK102的选育及栽培技术

山东鑫秋农业科技股份有限公司以鲁棉研18号为母本、以自主选育的优质材料PS-1为父本杂交,选育出抗虫优质转基因抗虫棉品种GK102。介绍了其选育过程、特征特性和栽培技术要点。     

特异优质茶树新品种“中黄1号”选育研究

正随着市场需求的不断变化,茶叶生产对品种的需求也不断变化,选育一些优质、特色明显的茶树新品种符合茶叶生产和消费的需求。基于此,中国农业科学院茶叶研究所联合浙江天台九遮茶业有限公司、天台县特产技术推广站,从天台县当地群体种的自然突变体中采用单株选育法选育出了优质、适制名优绿茶的叶色黄化突变茶树新品种"中黄1号",现将选育过程和结果报告如下。一、选育经过"中黄1号"原名"天台黄",来源于天台县当地群体品种的自然叶色黄化突变株,于1998年发现于天台县,经过单株选择-无性繁殖的方法选育而成。2001~2007年进行了单株鉴定和扩繁,2008年开始在浙江天台、缙云同时布置了区域     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。