趋早期断奶应激对仔猪消化酶活性的影响初报

试验选用两窝１４日龄杜×（大×长）三元杂交商品猪，每窝１０头，每窝仔猪按体重平均为断奶处理组和哺乳对照组，每组两个重复（栏），每栏５头猪。分别于断奶后第０（１４日龄）２，３，６，９天从每栏内随机抽取一头猪，屠宰后取胰腺和空肠内容物样品，测定胰蛋白酶，淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性。     

超早期断奶应激对仔猪胃肠内容物pH值和微生物区系的影响

为研究超早期断奶应激对仔猪胃肠道内环境ｐＨ值和微生物区系的影响，试验选用２窝１４日龄杜×（大×长）三元杂交商品猪，每窝１０头。每窝仔猪按体重平均分为两组，一组为断奶组，另一组为哺乳组，每组设２个重复（栏），每栏５头猪。分别于断奶后第０（１４日龄）、２、４、６、９天从每栏内随机抽取一头猪，集中屠宰后取胃和空肠内容物样品测定ｐＨ值，以无菌方法取直肠粪便１克，进行大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌计数。试验结果表明，断奶应激使仔猪胃和空肠内容物ｐＨ值升高，直肠粪便中大肠杆菌数量增加，乳酸杆菌数量减少，而且空肠内容物ｐＨ值和直肠粪便中大肠杆菌数量是反映仔猪腹泻的敏感指标     

蓝塘和长白猪胃肠道主要消化酶发育规律的差异分析

为了探讨蓝塘和长白纯种猪胃肠道主要消化酶的发育变化规律和它们之间的差异,试验选取胎次相同的12窝蓝塘仔猪和15窝长白仔猪,分别在7,26日龄时随机选择5头称重后屠宰,取样;在28日龄断奶,断奶后取体重无显著差异的蓝塘仔猪50头(20头公猪和30头母猪)和长白仔猪70头(22头公猪和48头母猪),分为蓝塘组和长白组,于7,26,30,60,90,150日龄各取1头公猪称重后屠宰。分别在仔猪屠宰后取消化道食糜,测定消化酶活性。结果表明:长白猪的胃内容物蛋白酶活性在各时期均无显著差异(P0.05),但蓝塘猪的胃内容物蛋白酶活性在150日龄时显著高于30日龄以外的其他日龄(P0.05)。同一日龄的蓝塘猪与长白猪品种间,胃内容物蛋白酶活性无显著差异(P0.05)。与断奶前(26日龄)相比,断奶初期(30日龄)长白猪空肠胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性显著降低(P0.05);但对蓝塘猪没有负面影响,断奶后胰蛋白酶活性反而升高。     

3周龄断奶仔猪胰酶发育规律的研究

以 3周龄断奶仔猪为试验材料 ,研究了断奶对仔猪胰酶活性的影响。试验表明 ,3周龄断奶可以显著降低仔猪胰脏中胰淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、胰糜蛋白酶和胰脂肪酶的活性 ,且在断奶后 2周继续维持断奶时水平。断奶降低了小肠内容物中胰淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶的活性 ,但空肠和回肠胰蛋白酶、胰糜蛋白酶的活性在断奶后并未下降。     

子宫内发育迟缓对新生仔猪胰腺和胃发育的影响

本试验研究了子宫内发育迟缓对新生仔猪胰腺和胃发育的影响。从14窝新生仔猪(长白×大约克×米猪)中选出28头仔猪,每窝选正常(NW)和IUGR仔猪各1头。14对仔猪分成新生(5对)、3日龄(5对)和7日龄(4对)三组。试验结果表明,IUGR与NW仔猪胰腺重和胃重随日龄增长而增加(P<0.01)。各日龄IUGR仔猪胰腺重量和胃重低于NW仔猪(P<0.05或P<0.01)。各日龄IUGR仔猪胰腺和胃的蛋白质、DNA和RNA含量,胰腺腺泡大小和腺泡细胞大小,胃底腺区胃壁厚度均小于NW仔猪(P<0.01或P<0.05)。各日龄IUGR仔猪胰蛋白酶总活性和胰凝乳酶总活性显著低于NW仔猪(P<0.05)。新生和3日龄IUGR仔猪胰脂肪酶的总活性,7日龄IUGR仔猪胰淀粉酶总活性低于NW仔猪(P<0.05)。结果提示IUGR显著影响仔猪胃和胰腺的重量、生化组成和酶的活性。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪胰腺及小肠胰蛋白酶活性的影响

选用大长北母猪所产仔猪 45头 ,2 1日龄断奶。断奶时宰杀 5头公仔猪作为哺乳对照 ,其余仔猪按公母各半随机分为 2组 ,试验组添加 1.2 %谷氨酰胺。断奶后 14d和 2 8d宰杀仔猪 ,以研究谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪胰腺和小肠胰蛋白酶活性的影响。断奶后 14d,日粮中添加谷氨酰胺可极显著提高胰腺胰蛋白酶相对活性和总活性 (P<0 .0 0 1)以及比活 (P<0 .0 1) ,而对十二指肠、空肠和回肠食糜及粘膜中胰蛋白酶活性无显著影响 ;断奶后 2 8d时 ,日粮添加谷氨酰胺对胰腺、十二指肠、空肠和回肠食糜粘膜中胰蛋白酶活性均无显著影响。对照组仔猪胰腺、十二指肠和回肠胰蛋白酶活性在断奶后 14d已基本恢复到断奶时水平 ,空肠胰蛋白酶活性显著超过断奶时水平 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;断奶后 2 8d胰腺胰蛋白酶比活和总活性极显著高于断奶后 14d(P<0 .0 1) ,胰腺和回肠胰蛋白酶相对活性显著高于断奶后 14d(P<0 .0 5 )。试验组仔猪胰腺和空肠胰蛋白酶相对活性和比活在断奶后 14d极显著超过断奶时水平 (P<0 .0 1) ,达到了对照组断奶后 2 8d时酶活性水平 ;断奶后 2 8d胰腺胰蛋白酶相对活性、比活和总活性维持在断奶后 14d水平 ,而空肠胰蛋白酶相对活性和比活又降至断奶时水平。结果表明 ,早期断奶仔猪日粮中添加谷氨酰胺有助于缓解由于早期     

仔猪断奶前后消化酶活性变化的初步探讨

选用24头28日龄的仔猪分为对照组(14头)和试验组(10头),对照组不断奶,试验组28日龄断奶。对照组分别在21,27,30,33,36,42和49日龄,试验组分别在30,33,36,42和49日龄屠宰,并分别测定仔猪胃蛋白酶、胰脏和小肠内容物的淀粉酶及胰蛋白酶活性。试验结果显示:对照组除小肠内容物胰蛋白酶活性在33日龄前有下降趋势,之后开始恢复外,其他4种消化酶的活性均随日龄增加而升高;试验组仔猪的这5种消化酶活性断奶后均呈下降趋势。结果表明:哺乳仔猪的消化酶活性随日龄增加而升高,断奶对仔猪消化酶活性的升高有抑制作用,断奶1～2周后消化酶活性开始恢复并呈上升趋势。     

断奶日龄对仔猪胰腺和肠道胰糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶比值(C/T)的影响

将12窝三元杂交仔猪随机分为4组，分别于17,21,28和35日龄断奶，测定各组仔猪断奶前后胰腺组织和空肠食糜以及粘膜中的胰蛋白酶（T）和糜蛋白酶（C）的相对活性，分析C/T值在断奶前后的变化动态。结果表明：胰腺C/T在断奶后低于哺乳期，各组C/T值在断奶后逐渐降低至一恒定水平，并且在断奶后1周的降低幅度随断奶日龄的增大而增加，而空肠C/T值在断奶前后无明显变化。     

断奶日龄对仔猪生产性能和消化酶活性的影响

选取遗传基础相似、体重相当来自9窝母猪的48头杜长大仔猪为研究对象。随机平均分为2组,分别于23日龄和28日龄断奶,各组分别在断奶当天,断奶后3 d、7 d、14 d宰杀取样。测定各组在断奶后2周内的生产性能以及空肠内容物和胰腺消化酶的活性。结果表明:28日龄断奶的仔猪平均日增重、日平均采食量均显著高于23日龄断奶的仔猪。断奶后仔猪空肠消化酶均有所下降,其中28日龄断奶的仔猪所受影响相对较小。     

子宫内发育迟缓对新生仔猪胰腺和胃发育的影响

本试验研究了子宫内发育迟缓对新生仔猪胰腺和胃发育的影响.从14窝新生仔猪(长白×大约克×米猪)中选出28头仔猪,每窝选正常(NW)和IUGR仔猪各1头.14对仔猪分成新生(5对)、3日龄(5对)和7日龄(4对)三组.试验结果表明,IUGR与NW仔猪胰腺重和胃重随日龄增长而增加(P<0.01).各日龄IUGR仔猪胰腺重量和胃重低于NW仔猪(P<0.05或P<0.01).各日龄IUGR仔猪胰腺和胃的蛋白质、DNA和RNA含量,胰腺腺泡大小和腺泡细胞大小,胃底腺区胃壁厚度均小于NW仔猪(P<0.01或P<0.05).各日龄IUGR仔猪胰蛋白酶总活性和胰凝乳酶总活性显著低于NW仔猪(P<0.05).新生和3日龄IUGR仔猪胰脂肪酶的总活性,7日龄IUGR仔猪胰淀粉酶总活性低于NW仔猪(P<0.05).结果提示IUGR显著影响仔猪胃和胰腺的重量、生化组成和酶的活性.     

Digestive enzyme activities of pancreas and intestinal digesta in streptozotocin-induced diabetic piglets

Six (Landrace × Large White) × Duroc crossbred, castrated weanling piglets were used to evaluate the effect of a streptozotocin (STZ) injection to induce diabetes on the activities of digestive enzymes derived from the pancreas (lipase, amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin) in the pancreas and intestinal digesta. Fasting plasma glucose after the administration of STZ was maintained at the level of 302–491 mg/dL during this experiment, compared with the level of 89–125 mg/dL in the control group, and they were defined as the STZ‐induced diabetic piglets for about 7 weeks. Although their bodyweight increased in proportion to a quadratic curve (P < 0.0001) during 49 days after the administration of STZ, the growth of the STZ‐induced diabetic piglets was slower compared with the control. The STZ‐injection did not affect the percentage of the pancreas in bodyweight. The administration of STZ in the piglets tended to accelerate the activity of lipase (P = 0.06) and depress the activity of amylase (P = 0.15) or chymotrypsin (P = 0.18), as units/kg bodyweight, in the pancreas. In the case of measurement as units/kg bodyweight, the activities of intestinal digesta in the STZ group showed a tendency to be higher than those in control group, irrespective of the sort of enzymes. In conclusion, STZ‐induced diabetic piglets have a moderate digestive ability and the administration of exogenous digestive enzymes is not necessary when they are used as a diabetic animal model.     

发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化酶及肠道菌群结构的影响

【目的】本试验旨在探讨发酵豆粕(FSBM)对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化酶活性及肠道菌群结构的影响。【方法】试验选取48头21日龄断奶仔猪(杜×长×大,6.88 kg±0.13 kg),随机分为对照组和试验组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组饲粮为基础饲粮,试验饲粮用6%FSBM等量替代基础饲粮中的豆粕。试验期为20 d。试验期间记录采食量和体重。试验第21天,每个重复选取2头猪屠宰,收集回肠食糜测定消化酶活性和肠道菌群结构,并对两者进行相关性分析。【结果】(1)饲喂FSBM可显著提高断奶仔猪的终末体重和平均日增重(average daily gain, ADG),并显著降低了料重比(feed/gain, F/G)(P<0.05);(2)FSBM组断奶仔猪回肠中的胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);(3)饲喂FSBM显著提高了断奶仔猪回肠食糜中拟杆菌门、普雷沃氏菌科NK3B31类群、厌氧弧菌属、瘤胃菌科UCG-005、普氏菌属2、巨型球菌属、副杆菌属、Solobacterium及毛螺菌科UCG-004的相对丰度,显著降低了链球菌属的相对丰度(P<0.05);(...     

超早期断奶应激对仔猪血清生化指标的影响

为研究超早期断奶应激对仔猪血清一些生化指标的影响 ,试验从 2窝 1 4日龄杜× (大×长 )三元杂交商品猪中各选体重相似公猪 2头 ,其中一头分至断奶组 ,另一头留为哺乳组 ,每组 2个重复 (栏 ) ,每重复 1头猪 ,试验共用试猪 4头。分别于断奶当天 ( 1 4日龄 )及断奶后连续 9天早 8:0 0 ,对试猪前腔静脉采血 ,测定血清葡萄糖、总脂肪、球蛋白、球蛋白占总蛋白比率、Na+ 、K+ 、Cl- 浓度。试验结果表明 ,断奶仔猪血清葡萄糖、球蛋白、球蛋白占总蛋白比率在断奶后 9天内程度不同地低于哺乳仔猪。其中在断奶后第 1天 ,血清葡萄糖、球蛋白以及球蛋白占总蛋白比率均大幅度降低 ,分别较哺乳仔猪下降 4 4.77%(P >0 .0 5)、1 6.82 % (P <0 .0 1 )、6.82 % (P <0 .0 1 )。同时在断奶后第 6天仔猪发生腹泻时 ,球蛋白占总蛋白比率亦显著下降 (P <0 .0 5)。与哺乳仔猪相比 ,断奶仔猪血清总脂肪浓度在断奶后第 1天升高 ,从第 2天起转而下降。血清Na+ 、K+ 、Cl- 浓度在断奶后第 1天下降 ,此后转而升高。由本试验各指标结果提示 ,断奶应激使仔猪机体代谢水平和免疫机能下降。     

Relationships of intestinal enzymes and serum antitoxin to the pig response to Escherichia coli enterotoxin.

The intestinal loop technique was used to evaluate the response of three week old piglets to the heat labile (LT) and the heat stable (ST) enterotoxins produced by Escherichia coli F11(P155). The serum anti-LT activity and the lipase, amylase and trypsin activities in the jejunal lumen of these pigs were determined. Piglets responded independently ti each toxin and no relationship between these responses and serum anti-LT activity or the enzyme activities of the jejunal content could be demonstrated.     

Effects of beta-glucanase and xylanase supplementation on gastrointestinal digestive enzyme activities of weaned piglets fed a barley-based diet

The effects of supplementing a barley-based diet for weaned piglets withexogenous beta-glucanase and xylanase on gastrointestinal digestiveenzyme activities were investigated. Thirty-six cross-bred weaned pigletswere randomly assigned to two groups with three pens based on sexand mass. Each group was fed on the diet based on barley with or withoutadded beta-glucanase and xylanase (0.15%) for a 4-week period. Theresults showed that enzyme supplementation improved growth performanceof piglets significantly (p < 0.05), but had no effect (p = 0.091)on average daily feed intake. The results also showed that supplementationof beta-glucanase and xylanase had no effect on pepsin activity in gastriccontents but slightly decreased (p = 0.092) the pepsin activity ingastric mucosa. Meanwhile, no effect of enzyme supplementation ontrypsin activity in duodenal contents was observed. However, the activitiesof amylase and lipase in duodenal contents were significantly(p < 0.05) decreased, whereas the activities of maltase, sucrase andgamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) in jejunal and ileal mucosa wereenhanced significantly (p < 0.05). The improvement of disaccharidaseand gamma-GT activity may be attributed to the positive impacts of exogenousenzymes on digestion and absorption of the nutrients. In conclusion,the current results indicated that supplementation with enzymes in barley-based diets could improve the growth performance of piglets,decrease the activities of amylase and lipase in duodenal contents andincrease the activities of disaccharidase and gamma-GT in jejunal and ilealmucosa.     

抗菌肽对发酵床饲养仔猪生长性能、消化酶及垫料理化性质的影响

试验旨在研究发酵床饲养模式下饲粮中添加抗菌肽对仔猪生长性能、胰腺和小肠内容物消化酶及小肠黏膜二糖酶和垫料蛋白酶、脲酶、铵态氮的影响。选用108头35日龄、体重13kg左右的健康苏钟猪随机分为3组,每组3重复,每重复12头,分别饲喂基础饲粮（对照组）、基础饲粮＋40mg/kg杆菌肽锌＋20mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素（抗生素组）和基础饲粮＋300mg/kg抗菌肽（抗菌肽组）的试验日粮,试验期49d10结果表明：（1）各组间仔猪生长性能差异不显著（P〉0.05）。（2）与对照组相比,饲粮中添加抗菌肽能够显著提高仔猪胰腺、十二指肠和空肠内容物淀粉酶及空肠内容物胰蛋白酶活性（P〈0.05）;并显著提高仔猪十二指肠黏膜麦芽糖酶和空肠黏膜蔗糖酶、乳糖酶及回肠黏膜蔗糖酶活性（P〈0.05）;抗菌肽组十二指肠黏膜麦芽糖酶活性比抗生素组提高（P〈0.05）。（3）各组间发酵床垫料蛋白酶和脲酶活性及铵态氮含量差异不显著（P〉0.05）。综上所述,本试验条件下,饲粮添加300mg/kg的抗菌肽能够在一定程度上提高仔猪生长性能;提高胰腺、小肠内容物及小肠黏膜消化酶活性;同时不影响垫料蛋白酶、脲酶活性和垫料铵态氮含量。     

Effects of extrusion and supplementation of exogenous enzymes to diets containing Chinese storage brown rice on the carbohydrase activity in the digestive tract of piglets

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of extrusion of Chinese storage brown rice and of exogenous enzymes supplementation to diets containing Chinese storage brown rice on the carbohydrase activity in digestive tract of piglets. In Experiment 1, 96 weaned piglets [initially 6.95 ± 0.05 kg body weight (BW)] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design, the animals were fed the diets containing extruded Chinese storage brown rice or non‐treated Chinese storage brown rice and supplemented with or without exogenous enzymes. Each treatment had six replicate pens and four piglets in each pen. The results demonstrated that extrusion significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of duodenal maltase after 14 days of treatment and glucoamylase after 28 days of treatment, jejunal lactase, maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and α‐amylase after 28 days of treatment, and jejunal α‐amylase after 14 days of treatment; enzyme supplementation positively influenced (p < 0.05) the activity of pancreatic α‐amylase after 14 and 28 days of treatment, pancreatic glucoamylase after 28 days of treatment and ileal trehalase after 14 days of treatment. Similarly, interaction between extrusion and enzyme addition existed after 14 days of treatment on the activity of pancreatic α‐amylase and duodenal maltase and on the activity of duodenal glucoamylase and isomaltase, jejunal α‐amylase, lactase, maltase, isomaltase and jejunal α‐amylase after 28 days of treatment. In Experiment 2, six piglets (initially 21 ± 1.85 kg BW) fitted with ileal ‘T’‐cannulas in a 6 × 6 Latin Square Design were used to study the effects of extrusion and addition of exogenous enzymes on ileal carbohydrase activity and nutrients digestibility. The results showed that exogenous enzymes significantly (p < 0.05) increased ileal α‐amylase, glucoamylase and trehalase activity. The interaction between extrusion and enzyme supplementation had positive effect (p < 0.05) on the ileal lactase, cellobiase and sucrase activity.     

酪蛋白酶解物对胎儿宫内发育迟缓新生仔猪胰腺生长发育的影响

为研究酪蛋白酶解物对胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)新生仔猪胰腺生长发育的影响,试验选择初生IUGR仔猪15头,分为新生组(N)、酪蛋白组(C)和酪蛋白酶解物组(CH),人工饲喂3d后宰杀取样。结果显示,人工饲喂3d后,IUGR仔猪胰腺重量、胰腺重/体重和胰腺蛋白质、DNA、RNA、胰高血糖素的含量以及胰淀粉酶、胰脂肪酶总活性均较新生组极显著提高(P<0.01),而胰总蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶总活性均显著下降(P<0.05),胰糜蛋白酶总活性也呈下降趋势;CH组胰糜蛋白酶总活性比C组高50.00%(P<0.01),CH组胰腺组织蛋白质、DNA含量及胰总蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶总活性也较C组不同程度提高(P>0.05)。表明IUGR仔猪生后胰腺生长发育十分迅速,酪蛋白酶解物有刺激新生IUGR仔猪胰腺胰糜蛋白酶活性提高的趋势。     

日粮蛋白质来源对早期断奶仔猪胃内消化酶活性的影响

本试验将95头新生迪卡小公猪随机分为4组,第1、2、3组每组19头,均由两头经产母猪哺乳喂养,21日龄断奶。第4组仔猪38头,由4头经产母猪哺乳喂养,35日龄断奶。7日龄起至35日龄各组仔猪分别饲喂不同蛋白质来源的日粮。试验各组仔猪在24、28和35日龄进行屠宰试验,取胃内样品进行酶活性测定。试验结果表明:21日龄断奶使仔猪胃内蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性显著降低,酶活性在1周内不能得到完全恢复,胃蛋白酶活性可在断奶后2周得到恢复;全植物性蛋白日粮使早期断奶仔猪胃内蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著降低;日粮中加一定量乳清粉和动物性蛋白质饲料能有效提高胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性。因此,断奶及日粮蛋白质来源显著影响早期断奶仔猪胃内消化酶活性。