薄层营养液膜技术(NFT)水培多年生黑麦草对不同富氮废水的净化效果

采用薄层营养液膜技术(NFT)培育多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L),以草带为植物滤器净化5种不同配置的富氮废水,废水10 d更换一次.试验结果表明在短期内(2d),TAN、NO-2-N和NO-3-N的去除量均在本身高水平而其他成分低水平的试验组达到最高,4组非离子氨UIA的净化率均高于99%.所有废水的pH值在2 d后均被控制在6.5～8.0.以上述3种氮90%的净化率为目标,废水G3(初始浓度为TAN:40 mg·L-1,NO-2-N:40 mg·L,NO-3-N:10 mg·L-1)和CK(仅在26.77 L自来水中加入18.36 g四水硝酸钙)需2d,废水G4(TAN:40 mg·L-1,NO-2-N:4 mg·L-1,NO-3-N:10 mg·L-1)需4 d,废水G1(TAN:140 mg·L-1,NO-2-N:40 mg·L-1,NO-3-N:80 mg·L-1)、废水G2(TAN:140mg·L-1,NO-2-N:40 mg·L-1,NO-3-N:10 mg·L-1)仅TAN和NO-2-N在6 d内完成.试验结束时G3草净增长最高(169.3 mm),并获得最大干草产量0.205 kg·m-2,G4获得最大鲜草产量1.48 kg·m-2.     

亚热带农业小流域水体氮素及其稳定同位素分布特征

为控制流域氮素养分流失、改善流域水体环境,以亚热带典型农业小流域脱甲河为研究对象,对表层水体铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3--N)浓度和水体硝态氮δ~(15)N(δ~(15)N-NO_3-)、沉积物有机质δ~(15)N(δ~(15)N-Org)浓度进行了连续试验观测,分析氮素浓度及其稳定同位素值的时空特征,探讨影响氮素分布的环境因子及水体NO_3-和沉积物有机质氮素的可能来源。结果表明:水体NO_3--N浓度明显高于NH_4~+-N,均值分别为1.62 mg·L~(-1)和0.90mg·L~(-1),并且分别在6月、8月及冬季较高;城镇区和农田区水体NH_4~+-N浓度与其他类型区差异显著(P0.05),并且显著高于其他水体;NO_3--N浓度在城镇区、农田区及山间林地区较高,水库区较低。支流NH_4~+-N浓度高于干流,均表现为冬季春季夏季秋季;干流、支流NO_3--N浓度分别表现为冬季夏季秋季春季、秋季冬季夏季春季。源头和出口处水体均表现为NO_3--N浓度高于NH_4~+-N,源头处氮素浓度低于出口处。水体δ~(15)N-NO_3-及底泥δ~(15)N-Org值分布范围分别为-19.87‰~8.11‰和-0.69‰~6.51‰,水体δ~(15)N-NO_3-最高值在Ⅲ级河段,最低值出现于Ⅳ级河段,各级河段间水体δ~(15)N-NO_3-11月差异较小,而1、2月差异明显;河流底泥δ~(15)N-Org最高值也位于Ⅲ级河段,而最低值则在Ⅰ级河段,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级河段δ~(15)N-Org值随时间变化趋势较为一致,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级河段δ~(15)N-Org最小值出现于1月。总之,脱甲河水体存在氮素污染现象且以外源输入为主,水体氮素来源主要为土壤有机质、人工合成肥料及陆源有机质,开展流域氮素分布及来源研究对认识流域尺度氮污染物的源解析具有一定科学意义。     

府河-白洋淀硝酸盐来源判定及迁移转化规律

近年来白洋淀流域内经济高速发展、人口增加,生活污水排放量增大,严重威胁府河和白洋淀水质,其中硝酸盐浓度过高引发的水体富营养化是河流系统面临的重要难题。以白洋淀和唯一一条常年有水的入淀河流——府河为研究对象,结合水化学、水中氢氧同位素(δ~2H、δ~(18)O)和硝酸盐氮同位素(δ~(15)N)的方法 ,分析2008—2016年水化学特征和水化学类型变化,明确府河-白洋淀淀区硝酸盐污染来源以及沿程迁移转化规律,为其水质富营养化管理提供参考。研究结果表明:府河2008年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值10‰,2014年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值的变化范围是2.07‰~18.49‰,府河硝酸盐主要来自于保定市和沿府河村落的生活污水;但2009年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值的变化范围是-3.7‰~4‰,府河硝酸盐主要来源于工业废水。白洋淀淀区2008年和2014年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值的变化范围分别是5.8‰~11.7‰和3.31‰~12.53‰,2009年δ~(15)N值的变化范围是-3.8‰~0.7‰,说明府河的生活污水和工业废水是白洋淀淀区硝酸盐的主要来源。2008—2014年Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)浓度比例逐渐减小,工业废水和生活污水的排入受到控制;2009年因工业废水的排放NO3-浓度超过50 mg·L~(-1),2014年和2016年NO_3~-浓度未超标;控制硝酸盐浓度变化的主要因素是降水稀释、外源输入及反硝化脱氮作用,当溶解氧(DO)小于2 mg·L~(-1)时,硝酸盐的减少主要受反硝化作用影响。     

再生水灌溉区农田包气带及地下水中硝酸盐分布特征及来源研究

本文通过对华北平原典型再生水灌溉区(河北省石家庄洨河流域)的包气带土壤、地表水和地下水进行采样分析,对硝酸盐在多种环境介质中的来源与环境行为进行了研究,识别了再生水灌溉区地下水硝酸盐污染来源,明确了不同灌溉条件对包气带土壤中硝酸盐迁移的影响。在受到城市再生水严重影响的洨河流域,地下水中的硝酸盐浓度分布范围在4.0 mg·L?1到156.6 mg·L?1之间,已经形成了距离河道2 km、深度70 m的硝酸盐高值区域,经过计算硝酸盐的垂向扩散速率为每年1～2 m。硝酸盐与氯离子的相关性表明,城市再生水是再生水灌溉区包气带、地表水和地下水中硝酸盐的主要来源。利用Geoprobe获取利用不同灌溉水农田土壤剖面样品,研究再生水对厚包气带NO3?-N垂向分布影响,再生水灌溉区和地下水灌溉区中包气带土壤的NO3?-N的平均含量为137.0 mg·kg-1和107.7 mg·kg-1,最高含量523.2 mg·L?1和725.9 mg·L?1,分别出现1.20 m和0.85 m深度,分布规律有着明显的差别。包气带土壤硝酸盐与氯离子的相关性分析表明,再生水灌溉区土壤硝酸盐主要来源于城市再生水,而地下水灌溉区可能来源于农田氮肥。地下水年龄和硝酸盐之间关系表明,地下水中1975年以前补给的硝酸盐浓度低于1975年以后补给,地下水硝酸盐污染与包气带氮入渗的历史过程密切相关。在华北平原特殊的地质水文背景下,农田面源污染对地下水的影响有限,但再生水灌溉区地下水硝酸盐污染的风险较高。     

施用鸡粪稻田土壤氮磷养分淋洗特征研究

通过田间试验,研究了长期施鸡粪稻田不同鸡粪施用量下氮、磷养分淋洗特征及其潜在的环境效应.结果表明,田面水NH 4 -N和NO-3 -N浓度在施鸡粪初期均较高,且施鸡粪增加其浓度.NH 4 -N在30 cm、60 cm、90 cm渗漏液中平均浓度分别为1.05～1.48 mg · L-1、1.08～1.91 mg · L-1和1.02～2.38 mg ·L-1,不同层次之间浓度没有明显差别;同一层次NH 4 -N浓度随鸡粪用量增加而增加.渗漏液NO-3 -N浓度与NH 4 -N浓度值相比,含量略高,沿土壤剖面呈上低下高趋势;施用大量鸡粪能明显增加土壤渗漏液中NO-3 -N含量.稻田田面水总磷浓度在鸡粪施用初期达到最大值,且随着鸡粪用量增加而明显增加;随后逐渐降低;但整个生长季含量均超过0.1 mg · L-1.不同层次渗漏液总磷含量变化差别不大.总磷在水稻生长季前期较平稳,8月初有1显著高峰,磷淋洗量与鸡粪用量明显相关.长期施鸡粪稻田土壤氮、磷具有较高环境风险.     

基于氢氧稳定同位素的艾比湖流域地表水与地下水转化关系

地表水和地下水是水资源主要组成部分,研究干旱区地表水和地下水相互转化过程,对水资源的合理开发利用与评价具有重要的理论意义。选取艾比湖流域地表水和地下水为研究对象,分析其稳定同位素组成特征和分布规律,探讨不同水体间补给关系。结果表明:(1)艾比湖流域大气降水δ~2H和δ~(18)O表现出显著的季节变化特征,全年表现为冬季贫化夏季富集的现象。(2)湖水δ~2H和δ~(18)O值明显高于河水,反映湖水强烈的蒸发浓缩作用。博尔塔拉河和精河水的δ~2H和δ~(18)O值从上游到下游总体趋于富集,在山区、绿洲和平原表现出不同的同位素组成。地下水同位素值上游山区最低,中间平原次之,艾比湖周边最高。(3)博尔塔拉河上游地下水与河水交换比例较大,为63.0%;中下游河水和地下水之间交换比例较低,分别为5.0%～33.0%和2.5%～26.0%。精河深层地下水由浅层地下水和河水共同补给,比例分别为73.3%和26.7%。艾比湖周边,潜水流受到阻隔出露成泉水,与河水共同补给湖水。该研究揭示了艾比湖流域地表水和地下水相互转化关系,可为流域的水资源管理和生态环境建设提供科学支撑。     

无机与有机肥配施下紫色土铵态氮、硝态氮时空变异研究——夏玉米季

研究分析夏玉米季几种施肥制度紫色土NH 4-N和NO-3-N含量时空分配特征结果表明,各处理土壤NH 4-N、NO-3-N含量负相关性强;土壤NH 4-N含量随时间呈“波浪”形变化,成熟期剖面含量呈“K”字型分布,而土壤NO-3-N含量则时空分布均较紊乱。降雨和作物根系分布是影响土壤NO-3-N运移的重要因子,降雨对土壤NO-3-N的淋溶影响显著,施肥改变了土体NO-3-N含量,增强淋溶的可能性,其淋溶趋势为纯化肥>纯猪粪>猪粪 化肥>对照(CK)处理;作物根系分布与土体NO-3-N的吸收与淋失密切相关,施用有机肥促进作物根系生长,有利于作物对深层次养分的吸收利用;合理施用有机肥猪粪对土体NO-3-N淋失有一定固持作用,阻碍了NO-3-N向下迁移。并指出应重视纯化肥尿素处理土壤NO-3-N移出下层土体(30~80cm)污染地下水体的危险性。     

密云水库流域地下水硝态氮的分布及其影响因素

2008年11月至12月,采集了密云水库流域305个井的地下水样品,分析了其硝态氮含量。结果表明,密云水库流域地下水的硝态氮含量的平均值、超标率(10 mg L-1≤NO3--N<20 mg L-1)和严重超标率(NO3--N≥20 mg L-1)分别为6.81 mg L-1、13.77%和2.30%。其中村庄和菜地的地下水硝酸盐污染最为严重,35个村庄井和13个菜地井的地下水硝态氮含量的平均值分别为9.52 mg L-1和9.55 mg L-1,已接近WHO饮用水硝态氮含量10 mg L-1的限定标准,超标率分别为20%和15.38%,严重超标率分别为8.57%和7.69%。219个粮田井水的硝态氮水平位居中间,其硝态氮含量的平均值、超标率和严重超标率分别为6.59mg L-1、14.61%和1.37%。10个林地井的地下水硝态氮含量是最低的,其平均值为2.66 mg L-1,无超标现象。潮河流域农田地下水的硝酸盐污染比白河流域严重。潮河流域农田(124个井)的地下水硝态氮含量的平均值、超标率和严重超标率分别为8.42 mg L-1、21.77%和3.23%,而白河流域(122个井)则分别为5.03mg L-1、6.56%和0,即无严重超标现象。密云水库流域农田地下水的硝态氮含量呈现出上游低而下游高的趋势。玉米田地下水硝态氮含量在接近河道的地方有所降低,与地下水水位呈负相关,与化肥氮的施用量呈正相关,当地下水位小于7m时或当一年的化肥氮的施用量超过200 kg hm-2,存在地下水硝态氮含量超标的潜在危险。     

德州引黄灌区主要河系水化学空间特征分析

通过对德州引黄灌区主要河流及引黄灌渠水质的离子化学成分分析,探讨了引黄灌区地表水化学成分特点、水化学类型及其空间变化和主要离子来源,为长期观测引黄灌溉对该区地表水、地下水的水化学特征变化的影响及地表水、地下水的循环交换提供依据,同时为该区水环境评价以及水体污染防控提供理论指导。研究结果显示,该区地表水的pH、电导率(EC)及各主要离子含量存在明显的空间差异。水体pH的变化范围为7.65~9.34,属弱碱性水;EC的变化范围为965~1 530μs.cm 1;主要阴阳离子的浓度范围分别为:NO3 1.32~60.15 mg.L 1、SO42 53.41~781.90 mg.L 1、HCO3 143.35~823.50 mg.L 1、Cl 98.00~564.00 mg.L 1、Ca2+22.57~265.00 mg.L 1、Mg2+29.41~195.50 mg.L 1、Na+103.20~472.00 mg.L 1、K+0.83~59.05 mg.L 1。该研究区水化学类型以Na+.Ca2+—HCO3.SO42水为主。各阴离子浓度的平均值HCO3(330.45 mg.L 1)SO42(308.48mg.L 1)Cl(286.83mg.L 1)NO3(29.60 mg.L 1),阳离子浓度的平均值Na+(236.85 mg.L 1)Ca2+(98.15mg.L 1)Mg2+(82.62 mg.L 1)K+(9.05 mg.L 1)。pH、Cl的最高值均出现在马颊河流域,并且该流域Mg2+浓度均值高于其他两个流域。德惠新河流域EC、NO3和HCO3的均值最高。引黄灌渠的SO42、Na+、Ca2+和K+的平均浓度高于其他两个流域。通过Piper图分析得出,不同小流域水体类型不同。对研究区灌溉水质评价结果显示,该区地表水适合灌溉。经相关分析发现,该研究区地表水中,Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+与SO42和Cl均具有极显著的相关性,此外,Ca2+与Mg2+、Na+与K+、SO42与Cl也显示出了极显著的相关性,表明这些离子相互影响,或者具有相同的来源,受人类活动影响较大。     

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同水体间转化特征——以韭园沟流域为例

为研究黄土高原丘陵沟壑区降水、地表水和地下水间的转化特征,以绥德县韭园沟流域作为研究对象,通过测定雨水、沟道水和井水的氢氧同位素组成,分析各水体的δD-δ18O特征、氢氧同位素的时间变化和沿程变化,明确各不同水体间的补给关系,估算流域上游沟道水补给井水的过程中因蒸发损失的水量.结果表明:韭园沟流域沟道水和井水的δD和δ18O之间具有良好的线性关系;井水氢氧同位素相对于沟道水较富集且稳定,降水、气温、风速等气象因子对沟道水氢氧同位素影响强烈,对井水影响较弱;流域沟道水与井水均来源于大气降水,能够有效补给地下水的大气降水氢氧同位素加权平均值为:δ18O=-11‰,δD=-79.80‰;沟道水向井水的转化以单向排泄补给为主,两者转化过程中由于蒸发作用引起的水量损失占补给源水量的7％.     

陇陕片预警减灾工作的成效与做法

自 1991年长江上游水土保持重点防治区滑坡、泥石流预警系统运作以来 ,陇南陕南片成功预报和处理滑坡、泥石流险情 10 3处 ,保护人口 11 6 8万 ,避免经济和财产损失 11879 6 5万元 ,取得了良好的社会效益。主要做法及经验是 :依靠各级政府 ,健全预警网络 ;广泛深入宣传 ,增强防灾意识 ;健全管理制度 ,落实岗位职责 ;强化技术培训 ,提高业务技能 ;加强检查指导 ,现场解决问题 ;及时调查险情 ,做好技术服务 ;预防治理结合 ,注重减灾实效。     

贵州草海耕地土壤与农作物中DDTs和HCHs残留及污染特征

采集草海流域周边成熟期整株农作物及土壤样品,分析测试其中DDTs和HCHs的含量,对比研究了土壤和作物中DDTs和HCHs污染水平及其在作物中富集能力。结果表明：研究区域土壤中HCHs和DDTs残留检出率均为100％,残留范围分别为0．06～16．66μg·kg^-1和0．08-39．77μg·kg^-1,土壤中HCHs和DDTs的残留量均小于国家土壤环境质量一级标准;三种农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑（DDTs,HCHs）残留量差异显著,HCHs含量最高的是玉米,DDTs和（DDTs,HCHs）最高的是马铃薯;三种农作物中HCHs和DDTs残留的风险系数均为1．1,属于低度风险,农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑（DDTs,HCHs）的安全指数IFSc均小于1,DDTs和HCHs残留量对三种农作物安全影响的风险是可以接受的。     

Changes in yield and gas exchange parameters in Festulolium and alfalfa grown in pure sowing and in mixture under drought stress

Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among environmental factors, water is globally one of the most limiting for crop production. Water resources in the world are steadily diminishing and in many areas, including Poland, more frequent periods of drought are being observed. The aim of the study was to compare the yields and gas exchange parameters of Festulolium hybrid (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) and alfalfa (Medicago?×?varia T. Martyn) under different levels of soil moisture (well-watered conditions and drought stress) and cultivation method (pure stand and mixture). The study has shown that all the measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry mass yield were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatment types. Alfalfa grown in a pure sowing showed the strongest reaction to stress, while hybrid Festulolium grown in mixture showed the weakest. It was also found that under stress, grass assimilated CO₂ and evaporated water much more intensively in mixture cultivation than in pure sowing. Higher water use efficiency (WUE) was observed in alfalfa and Festulolium growing in mixture only in the first year of the study.     

Cadmium Effects in Sunflower: Membrane Permeability and Changes in Catalase and Peroxidase Activity in Leaves and Calluses

Mechanisms preventing oxidative burst in cells exposed to high metal concentrations are crucial for cell survival. In this report, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was used as a model species to investigate: (a) how cadmium (Cd) affects plant defense pathways (in particular, those involved in preventing oxidative stress), and (b) whether antioxidative enzymes of plants and of in vitro cell culture (calluses) have similar responses to Cd exposure. For this experiment, plants (grown hydroponically on Long Ashton medium) and calluses (grown on Murashige and Skoog medium) were exposed for three weeks to different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M). Solute and electrolyte leakage increased significantly with the increase in Cd concentration in the external medium and in exposed leaves, and less in exposed calluses. Cadmium exposure also reduced significantly soluble protein contents in both leaves and calluses. The activities of catalase and peroxidase decreased significantly in 50 and 500 μ M-exposed leaves compared with the control, but increased in 5 μ M-exposed calluses, decreasing in the calluses exposed 500 μ M Cd. The decrease in antioxidative enzymes activities is congruent with the decrease in membrane integrity and suggests that calluses develop antioxidant mechanisms that respond better to Cd stress than do leaves. On average, 100% of plants exposed for 21 d to 500 μ M and 95% of plants exposed for 45 d to 50 μ M Cd were dead. After 45 d, only 53% of 50 μ M-exposed calluses had died. These surviving calluses were maintained on 50 μ M for six months. Six-month-old exposed calluses had higher activities of peroxidase and catalase when compared with control calluses, as well as lower membrane degradation. These data show that calluses are more tolerant than plants to Cd exposure, and that antioxidant mechanisms under Cd exposure may differ between the two cell systems and vary with time.     

Fungal abundance and diversity in earthworm casts and in uningested soil

Earthworm casts and adjacent uningested soil from 30 different locations were compared to determine the abundance and diversity of fungal species. The casts contained larger fungal populations (g^-1 dry soil weight) and numbers of fungal species than the soil. Variations in these parameters between casts and soil were statistically significant (P=0.05). Fungal populations and the number of fungal species in casts and soil also varied significantly (P=0.05) between samples from different locations. A total of 27 fungal species were recorded from the casts and soil. Indices of dominance (0.084 casts; 0.14 soil) and general diversity (2.53 casts; 2.02 soil) demonstrated that the casts displayed more diverse fungal flora than the soil. The diversity of fungal species increased in earthworm casts after passing through the earthworm gut.     

云南省开展水土保持的做法与成效

云南省各级党政领导重视和支持水土保持 ,积极出台有关法规、政策 ,为搞好水土保持工作提供了保障。治理中坚持高起点要求 ,有力地推动了水保产业化建设。适应市场经济要求 ,大力发展水土保持专业户、重点户 ,调动社会各方面力量参与水土流失治理开发。介绍了具体的做法、成效及今后做好水保工作的思路。     

肯尼亚和中国农业资源投入与农业单产水平变化

当前，肯尼亚和中国在生产足够粮食以保障粮食安全方面都面临着严峻的挑战。尤其是对于肯尼亚而言，因为其2100年预测的人口将达到2018年的1.4倍，且其粮食生产在过去并没有大幅度的改善。而中国近些年粮食生产能力显著提高。本文系统分析了肯尼亚和中国农业资源投入、种植业和畜牧业单产水平的历史变化，以及农业资源投入与产量之间的关系，为肯尼亚粮食危机和消灭贫困提供更多的理论支撑。研究结果表明，在20世纪60年代，肯尼亚耕地、草地和降水等自然资源人均占有量比中国高2~3倍，且人均食物能量和蛋白质供应显著高于中国。当前，肯尼亚人均资源拥有量仍高出中国约30%，但是其人均食品供应和粮食自给率却远低于中国平均水平。这是由于与肯尼亚相比，中国在种植业和畜牧业长期持续的投入，大幅度地增加了种植业和畜牧业能量或蛋白质单产水平。1961-2017年，中国和肯尼亚作物蛋白的平均单产分别增加282%和44%。中国的数据表明，种植业和畜牧业单产水平与肥料、精饲料、机械和农药的投入具有显著正相关性；农牧业生产结构对单产水平的变化影响也很大，如种植业中蔬菜和水果播种面积占比，畜牧业中单胃动物饲养占比等。总的来说，农业资源投入和农业结构对生产力的提高都有很大的影响，这可能是肯尼亚提高农业生产力的潜在选择。     

1,4-Dimethoxyglucobrassicin in Barbarea and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin in Arabidopsis and Brassica

A novel indole glucosinolate, 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin (1,4-dimethoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate), was isolated as the desulfo derivative from roots of the P-type of Barbarea vulgaris ssp. arcuata, and its structure was determined by spectroscopy including 2D NMR spectroscopy. 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin (4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate) was isolated as the desulfo derivative from green siliques (fruits) of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified by comparison of its (1)H NMR spectrum with the spectrum of the known desulfoglucosinolate from Brassica napus. The delayed elution of desulfo indole glucosinolates from the DEAE Sephadex column used in sample preparation was examined, and the diode-array UV spectra of desulfo indole glucosinolates were measured, to ensure a reliable determination of 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin with the existing analysis method based on the HPLC of desulfoglucosinolates. 1,4-Dimethoxyglucobrassicin was not detected in 10 other Arabidopsis, Brassica, and Barbarea species, indicating an evolutionarily recent mutation in the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis in B. vulgaris ssp. arcuata type P.     

Aorta and liver changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing and raw vegetable-supplemented diets: experiments in vitro and in vivo

The aim of this investigation was to compare the liver and aorta changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets and the possible improvement when diets would be supplemented with frequently used raw vegetables. The phenolic compounds of three vegetables in methanol-water (1:1) fraction were characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS). Results showed that the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, flavanols, tannins, and ascorbic acid varied for garlic and white and red onions ranging from 6.68 to 18.08 mg GAE/g DW, 490.4-701.0 μg CE/g DW, 281.2-1100.0 μg, 32.40-41.30 μg CE/g DW, 2.88-3.12 mg CE/g DW, 1.87-2.33 mg AA/g DW, 1388.2-1442.3 μg CGE/g DW, respectively. The radical scavenging capacities (μM TE/g DW) for the same investigated vegetables for ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays ranged from 48.78 to 92.42, 9.41-28.56, 3.06-10.41, and 6.49-23.42, respectively. Good correlations were observed between the phenolic contents and the radical scavenging capacities of the vegetables. The interaction between BSA and quercetin, BSA and garlic and onions extracts was measured by 3-dimensional fluorescence (3D-FL) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The highest polyphenol content was found in methanol/water fraction of onions and garlic; therefore, for the investigation of in vitro interactions with BSA only polyphenols of this fraction were used. For in vivo studies, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each of 6 and named Control, Chol, Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite. During 6 weeks, the rats of all 5 groups were fed a basal diet (BD). The rats of the Control group were fed the BD only. The BD of the Chol group was supplemented with 10 g/kg of nonoxidized cholesterol (NOC). Each of the other three groups was supplemented with 10 g/kg of NOC and 500 mg of raw fresh garlic, 500 mg of raw fresh red onion, and 500 mg of raw fresh white onion on 1 kg of body weight for Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite diet groups, respectively. In order to detect the changes in the liver and aorta, a histological procedure was applied, and the liver enzymes were determined and compared. It was found that the main changes vs the Control group were in the liver of rats fed the cholesterol-containing diet without vegetable supplementation. Significantly less histological changes in the liver and lower level of liver enzymes vs those of the Chol group were detected in rats of the Chol/Garlic group (P < 0.05). The interaction between the polyphenol extract of garlic and BSA in vitro showed its strong ability comparable with that of quercetin to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. In conclusion, all studied vegetables showed protective effects, but raw garlic supplemented with cholesterol-containing diets significantly prevented the aorta and liver damages of rats.