中国与新西兰乳制品出口竞争力比较研究

作为世界第三大乳制品生产国,我国乳制品出口的空间和潜力很大。本文基于联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade),以乳制品出口大国新西兰为对照,总结我国乳制品出口贸易现状,通过国际市场占有率、显性比较优势指数和贸易竞争指数3个指标比较了两国的乳制品出口竞争力,并深入分析了影响乳制品出口竞争力的主要因素,最后就提升我国乳制品出口竞争力提出相应的政策建议。     

“一带一路”倡议下中国乳制品贸易发展分析

基于联合国贸易统计数据库(UNComtrade)数据,本文对中国乳制品贸易以及中国与"一带一路"沿线国家乳制品贸易的规模、产品结构、地理结构进行比较,并在此基础上利用贸易互补指数(TCI)对中国与"一带一路"国家乳制品进出口贸易的互补性进行分析,最后提出相应的政策建议。     

全球价值链下中国乳业竞争力研究

近年来中国乳业快速发展,乳业国际地位不断攀升,但三大传统贸易竞争力指数(竞争力指数、显示性比较优势指数、国际市场占有率指数)却始终保持下降趋势。这表明随着国际分工的不断深化,传统贸易竞争力指数已无法准确衡量国家产业竞争力。本研究从全球价值链角度入手,测算中国乳业的全球价值链(GVC)分工参与度、分工地位指数、嵌入程度,并将其与其他乳制品发达国家进行对比,发现中国对价值链上游乳制品企业的依赖程度不高,对处于GVC下游国家的贡献度较大,虽然中国乳制品工业的分工参与度较低,但在近几年呈现逐年上涨的趋势,与其他乳制品发达国家的差距在不断缩小。综合来看,中国在乳制品贸易中的国际地位比较重要,竞争力水平逐渐上升。     

2015年1～9月份中国奶业市场分析

本文从生鲜乳收购价格、饲料生产、乳制品产量及价格、乳制品企业经营、奶业贸易五个方面分析了2015年1~9月份我国奶业市场。随着天气转冷,乳制品消费进入旺季,再加上中秋国庆因素,乳制品产量出现一定幅度的增长,生鲜乳收购价格也企稳回升,乳制品企业经营情况有所好转,奶业贸易中液态奶和婴幼儿配方乳粉的进口依然保持较高增长速度。     

中国乳制品国际竞争力和产业内贸易研究

<正>由于中国加入WTO后乳制品关税大幅度削减,且乳品出口补贴被取消,使得从20世纪90年代中期开始我国成为乳制品净进口国,到2003年世界乳品进口排名前十名中中国排在了首位。中国乳制品进口贸易一直呈现逐年增长的态势。面对巨大的贸易逆差,我国的乳业能否抵抗住压力顺利的向前发展,在国家"十二五"计划和党的"十八大"都对乳业发展提出了更高的要求的情况下,随着不同国家间乳制品贸易的激烈竞争的挑战,中国如何扩大现有的贸易份     

2013年前三季度我国奶业贸易分析

在我国前三季度的奶业贸易中,整体上进口继续保持较高的增长速度,而出口则大幅萎缩．全部进口乳制品折合原料奶约为921．2万t,继续对我国奶牛养殖、乳制品加工和市场消费等各个环节产生重大影响;出口乳制品折合原料奶约为9．3万t,前三季度乳制品贸易折合原料奶净进口911．9万t,同时我国乳制品贸易不平衡进一步加剧,乳制品贸易逆差达到45．8亿美元     

我国乳制品进口的增长因素分析

我国乳制品贸易一直是单向进口型贸易,近来受"三鹿婴幼儿奶粉事件"和金融危机的影响,乳制品尤其是奶粉进口量激增。本文运用恒定市场份额模型,从需求效应、市场分布效应和竞争力效应3个方面对我国乳制品进口增长的原因进行了分析。结果表明,我国乳制品进口快速增长主要是由于缺乏竞争力引起的,需求的扩大对我国乳制品进口起到了促进作用,而市场分布效应对我国乳制品的进口作用由正面作用转为负面作用。     

2013年7月份中国奶业贸易分析

在我国7月份的奶业贸易中，进口继续保持较高的增长速度，而出口则继续大幅萎缩、本月全部进口乳制品折合原料奶约为1120088t，对我国奶牛养殖、乳制品加工和市场消费产生重大影响、全部出口乳品折合原料奶约为7429t。本月乳制品贸易折合原料奶净进口1112659t,我国乳制品贸易不平衡进一步加剧，7月份乳制品贸易逆差为72588万美元．乳制品出口目的地仍然过度集中，96．5％的鲜奶和全部的奶粉均出口到中国香港．     

2014年中国奶业贸易回顾及展望

2014年我国奶业贸易整体上继续保持增长势头。进口方面,全年进口苜蓿干草88.45万t,进口燕麦草12.10万t,进口种牛215 405头,进口液态奶32.89万t,进口干乳制品148.33万t,进口乳制品折合原料奶1 196.2万t。出口方面形势有所好转,干乳制品出口数量达到13 546吨,液态奶出口数量为26 319t。出口市场仍然高度集中于中国香港、中国澳门、非洲和周边国家。出口乳制品折合原料奶132 564t。2014年我国乳制品贸易折合原料奶净进口1 182.92万t,初步估算我国年人均乳制品消费量为36.7kg,乳制品自给率进一步降低至76.4%。乳制品贸易不平衡进一步加剧,乳制品贸易逆差为63.38亿美元。     

全球乳品交易价格指数今年首次反弹

正新华社惠灵顿3月2日专电,全球乳制品贸易平台3月2日公布的最新数据显示,乳制品价格指数上涨1.4%,这是2016年该价格指数首次反弹。全球乳业贸易平台由新西兰乳业巨头恒天然为首的国际乳制品卖家组成,一般每两个星期组织一次乳制品拍卖,买家遍及全球90多个国家,其拍卖价格直接影响全球乳制品定价。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.