桂晚柑贮藏试验初报

桂晚柑果实采后通过不同药剂处理后产地常温贮藏和５±１℃低温贮藏１１０天，进行腐烂率，失重，果实品质理化分析及感观鉴评等对比研究。结果表明，桂晚柑果实在２月下旬采收后能在产地常温贮藏近３个月，低温冷藏４个月，是一个耐贮性较强的优良桔橙杂交种。     

桂晚柑贮藏试验初报

桂晚柑果实采后通过不同药剂处理后产地常温贮藏和５±１℃低温贮藏ｌｌ０天，进行腐烂率、失重、果实品质理化分析及感观鉴评等对比研究。结果表明，桂晚柑果实在２月下旬采收后能在产地常温贮藏近３个月，低温冷藏４个月，是一个耐贮性较强的优良桔橙杂交种。     

黄果柑优良株系——桂晚柑的选育

从四川汉源县桔橙型天然杂种黄果柑中选出的桂晚柑,具有晚熟、无核、优质、早结、丰产及适应性强等优良经济性状。鲜食采收适期为3月上旬,定植后第3年单株最高产量可达35公斤,年平均气温15℃以上的地区可作经济栽培。因其性状优良,遗传性稳定,到1990年截止已被省内外引种栽植200万株以上,并获得较好的经济效益。     

无核优质丰产椪柑新品系——黔阳无核椪柑的选育

1991年从湖南省黔阳县普通柑中选育出来的优良芽变新品系———黔阳无核柑 ,经 8年继代高接繁殖 5代鉴定及多点栽培试验 ,证明其果实稳定无核 (0～ 0 .0 0 1粒 /果 ) ,果形美观 ,肉质脆嫩 ,汁多化渣 ,风味浓郁 ,品质极优。并表现生长旺盛 ,早果、丰产 ,适应性广。该品种已通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。根据花粉育性研究及人工授粉试验结果 ,初步认为花粉败育及雌性器官 (胚囊 )可能也高度败育是导致其稳定无核的原因     

无核优质丰产Peng柑新品系—黔阳无核Peng柑的选育

1991年从湖南省黔阳县普通Peng柑中选育出来的优良芽变新品系－黔阳无核Peng柑，经8年继代高接繁殖5代鉴定及多点栽培试验，证明其果实稳定无核（0－0.001粒／果）,果形美观，肉质脆嫩，汁多化渣，风味浓郁，品质极优。并表现生长旺盛，早果、丰产，适应性广。该品种已通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。根据花粉育性研究及人工授粉试验结果，初步认为花粉败育及雌性器官（胚囊）可能也高度败育是导致其稳定无核的原因。     

无核槛柑秋植丰产栽培

普通桠柑好吃但有核．吃起来还要吐籽．有时觉得不方便、甚至于尴尬，人们希望能吃上无核桠柑。随着科学技术的进步．无核桠柑品种不断面世．人们吃无核桠柑的愿望实现了。无核桠柑品种是普通桠柑因遗传显性基因的突变．产生优良芽变株系．出现花粉败育及雌性器官也高度不育导致稳定无核的桠柑品系。无核桠柑具有产量高、品质优．果实无核．市场畅销，价格高等优点。无核桠柑与有核桠柑相比可明显提高市场竞争力．价格可提高五到七成。     

桂晚柑引种观察初报

桂晚柑引种观察初报廖洋生（新干县黄泥埠水库管理局３３１３０６）桂晚柑，系山四川农业大学王大华教授等从四川汉源县桔橙型天然杂种黄果柑中选育出的优良品种，其主要特性是晚熟，无核，具有优质、早结丰产及适应性强等优良性状。该品种未见在我省的引种资料。现将本局...     

电子束对柑桔芽诱变效应的研究

１９８３～１９９３年，应用电子束对路比血橙、新会橙、柑等品种的芽条进行辐照处理，吸收剂量为３０００～７０００ｒａｄ，结果从ＭＶ＿１中选出２２个达到无核水平的单株。据花粉育性鉴定，这些无核单株的花粉高度败育。据本试验结果，电子束可用于柑桔诱变育种，对柑桔芽的半致死剂量（ＬＤ＿（５０））甜橙类品种为５０００ｒａｄ左右，宽皮钳桔类品种为３０００ｒａｄ左右。     

雪柑少核2号亲缘关系的同工酶测定

雪柑少核２号亲缘关系的同工酶测定宁德地区农科所魏泽平，林松苍雪柑少核２号是１９７７年在本所雪村园中发现而进行选育的少核雪柑优良株系。其突’出性状是少核，经几年鉴定单果种子基本稳定在６个以下。雪柑少核２号叶片长椭圆形，边缘微波状，果皮橙黄色、果肉脆嫩、...     

无核雪柑选育结果简报

我国现有栽培的甜极品种中，除脐橙外，无核优质的甜橙品种较少。我省传统主栽的雪柑品种有扁圆形、圆果形、长圆果形三个品系，其中以长圆果形的品质最优，但各个品系单果种子通常达14—18粒，多者甚至达30粒以上，是雪柑品种最大的缺点。我们选育的无核雪柑，经多年的跟踪观察，筛选提纯，遗传性状稳定。（国际柑桔类无核标准平均单果种子3粒以下），摒弃了传统雪柑种子多的缺点，深受消费者和同行专家的好评。1994、1995、1995年分别获行建省首届优质柑桔果品展示会金奖，全国第二届农业博览会银奖，省科技成果展示会金奖。1．选育过程19…     

石棉县黄果柑生物学特性调查与差异株系比较

通过对四川省雅安市石棉县黄果柑变异株系和部分生物学特性的调查及果实品质分析,比较分析了主要相关生物学特性和果实品质之间的相关性。结果表明:黄果柑在果型上分为大果型和小果型,大果型又明显表现为凸蒂与平蒂2种果形,平蒂大果型产量高,可滴定酸含量低,维生素C及蛋白质含量高,品质综合表现好;同时,平蒂大果型树体开张,枝梢生长势较强,发育充实,叶片叶绿素含量较高,可作为黄果柑优质高产株系的树体评价依据。     

A pollen extender medium technology for seedless watermelon production by pollination with soft X-ray irradiated pollen

The inactivation of pollen by soft X-ray irradiation and subsequent artificial pollination are time-intensive practices used in the production of seedless watermelons (Citrullus lanatus L.). Watermelon generally has a lot of staminate flowers; however, they only have a small amount of pollen. Watermelon pollen cannot be used in pollination under the present situation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine which is the most effective pollen extender medium for cultivation of watermelon with soft X-ray irradiated pollen. In this experiment, ‘Agar,’ ‘Marriage powder,’ and ‘Sekishoshi’ (Lycopodium dyed red with safflower pigment) were used as extender media with soft X-ray irradiated pollen at equal or twice the weight of the pollen. When ‘Sekishoshi’ was used as an extender medium, fruit set was very low. A lot of deformed fruit was produced when agar was used with the pollen. On the other hand, when ‘Marriage powder’ was used in equal proportions with the pollen, fruit set was about 70% and, moreover, Brix was high. Thus, the mixture of ‘Marriage powder’ with an equal amount of pollen was the best for use in actual cultivation. We conclude, then, that soft X-ray irradiated pollen in an extender medium can be effectively adapted for producing seedless watermelons.     

紫薇属与散沫花属远缘杂交亲和性的研究

以紫薇属的紫薇（Lagerstroemia indica）品种‘Bicolor’、‘XTSC3’和尾叶紫薇（L. caudata）分别与散沫花属的散沫花（Lawsonia inermis）进行远缘杂交,对杂交亲本的花粉和柱头进行了扫描电镜观察,并对授粉后花粉萌发及花粉管伸长过程进行荧光显微观察。结果表明,紫薇属与散沫花属杂交存在受精前障碍。散沫花的花粉可以在紫薇品种‘Bicolor’、‘XTSC3’和尾叶紫薇柱头上萌发,但花粉萌发滞后,花粉管的伸长受到阻碍,难以在72 ~ 96 h内伸入子房完成受精。而散沫花作母本时,不亲和性表现为花粉与柱头间在形态上不匹配,柱头上花粉粒粘附少,柱头胼胝质的生成阻碍了花粉萌发。     

玫瑰杂交花柱半离体培养研究

 以1份野生玫瑰种质为母本,2个玫瑰栽培品种和2个月季品种为父本进行杂交,取杂交后的花柱进行半离体培养,并采用荧光显微技术观察花柱中花粉管的生长状况。结果表明：（1）玫瑰花柱半离体培养的最适培养基为15%蔗糖,0.005%硼酸,0.1%琼脂,pH 7.0。（2）授粉后4 h取花柱培养的效果较好。（3）花柱截取长度对种间杂交组合的花柱半离体培养结果的影响明显,只有截取花柱上部1/3进行培养时能长出少量的花粉管。（4）授粉花粉萌发率大于40%,才能保证授粉的良好效果。（1 山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安 271018;2 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安 271018）     

甘蓝花粉不同贮藏期生活力初探

采用染色法(I-KI法、TTC法)和培养基发芽试验法对甘蓝06101、06102品系的花粉生活力进行测定.结果表明:该试验条件下,琼脂培养基发芽法是测定甘蓝花粉的最佳方法,随着贮藏期的延长,花粉生活力逐渐降低,贮藏8 d时基本失去活性,并且06101的花粉生活力与06102的差异不大.     

孢粉学在部分梨属植物分类研究中的应用

通过扫描电子显微镜、配合光学显微镜对杜梨、木梨、褐梨、豆梨4个野生种,白梨、砂梨、秋子梨、西洋梨、新疆梨5个栽培种的花粉、花药的大小、形状、表面纹饰和特征进行了较为细致的观察、研究,并进行了种间、品种间的比较。     

Methods for testing the fertility of tomato pollen formed at low temperature

A reliable indication of pollen fertility is the number of seeds per fruit produced following artificial pollination, but this method is laborious, and very slow because sampling needs ripe fruits. To seek faster techniques to test the fertility of tomato pollen produced at low temperatures, we cultivated a large collection of tomato cultivars and lines of related wild species under cold conditions with minimum nocturnal temperatures below 10°C. We compared numbers of seeds per fruit with: number of pollen tubes at the base of the style, index of natural fruit-set, percentage of pollen grains stained with acetocarmine, percentage of pollen grains giving fluorochromatic reaction with fluoresceine diacetate, and percentage of pollen grains which germinated in vitro. All these variates correlated positively and significantly between themselves. The number of pollen tubes at the base of the style most closely correlated with number of seeds. This technique is equally laborious, but is good for precise testing of small numbers of genotypes and results are quickly available. Both acetocarmine staining and fluorochromatic reaction were simple, fast techniques with potential for screening large collections to detect genotypes with highly fertile pollen at low temperature; acetocarmine was the best, but neither test would identify genotypes with low-fertile pollens. Index of natural fruit-set and germination in vitro did not effectively determine the fertility of pollen produced at low temperature.     

Soluble carbohydrates content in tomato pollen and its variations along and between blooming periods

The soluble carbohydrates content in the mature (starchless) pollen of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Platense was studied at several moments of the blooming period in two consecutive years. The aim of the analysis was to evaluate if the content of soluble carbohydrates is relatively constant or if it can fluctuate along the blooming period. No significant variations in pollen viability were recorded along each season. The soluble carbohydrates found and their concentrations can change significantly among samples, but the fluctuations observed did not follow a strongly definite pattern in any season. Reducing sugars predominated; small quantities of a phosphorylated sugar, UDP-glucose, and maltosaccharides were also recorded. The constant presence of maltosaccharides is a novel record for pollen. Sucrose was absent in one season, but present in the other, in low percentages in contrast to reducing sugars. Changes in the soluble carbohydrates content have been usually related with alterations in pollen fertility. However, there may be some flexibility in the metabolism of the pollen studied this time, at least within a certain range, which may allow constant adjustments to maintain acceptable levels of viability despite the variations in the carbohydrates concentrations.     

Pollen germination as affected by pollen age in cherimoya

Cherimoya (Annona cherimola (Mill.)) is a subtropical fruit tree, which is cultivated in a good range of subtropical regions. In most of these areas the crop relies on hand pollination. However, following this practice, erratic fruit set is often produced, which could be related to problems in pollen handling. Indeed, very little is known of the time that the pollen remains viable and on which is the best stage to collect the anthers or pollen from the flower. The aim of this work is to evaluate pollen germinability prior and after anther dehiscence and also how the age of pollen affects pollen vigor, understood as speed of germination. Pollen samples at different times following anther dehiscence were germinated in vitro and in vivo. Pollen up to 90 min following dehiscence performed as well as freshly dehisced pollen. However, the pollen taken 120 min following dehiscence, showed a clear reduction in vigor and germinated much slower in vivo. To overcome this short pollen germinability, pollen was taken from anthers 30 and 5 h prior to natural anther dehiscence and compared with pollen taken at anther dehiscence and 20 h later. However, a reduction in germination rate was obtained in pollen taken prior to anther dehiscence. The narrow stage at which pollen can be collected together to its ephemeral germinability explains erratic results obtained following hand pollination in this crop and these results provide the clues for an adequate pollen handling.     

Fructose inhibits pear pollen germination on agar medium without loss of viability

Pollen of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) germinated well on agar medium containing 10% sucrose or glucose, but not on agar containing fructose. The inhibitory effect of fructose was dose-dependent. Sucrose enhanced pollen tube growth much more effectively than glucose. Addition of 5% fructose to 5% or 10% sucrose or glucose media suppressed germination completely. Ungerminated pollen, however, showed similar respiration rate and stainability against acetocarmine dye as germinated pollen. When pollen was transferred onto fructose medium after culturing it on glucose or sucrose medium for 1–2 h, germination was completely impeded. Reversely, pollen transferred to sucrose or glucose medium from fructose medium germinated at almost the same ratio as pollen on sucrose or glucose medium without transfer. Thus, pollen inhibition by fructose is reversible. Compared with uncultured pollen, cultured pollen contained less than half amount of total sugars, even if failed in germination on fructose medium. Germinated pollen on sucrose and glucose media contained sucrose and glucose, but ungerminated pollen on fructose medium contained only trace levels of these sugars, suggests that pollen on fructose medium predominantly uses sucrose and glucose as respiration substrates and cannot maintain the constant levels of these sugars. However, as pollen germination occurred on agar medium without any sugar, fructose may impede a physiological factor that triggers germination, and once the trigger is impeded, many physiological pathways including sugar biosynthesis may be blocked.