联合用药驱除山羊肝片吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫和捻转血矛线虫试验

应用两种药物驱除山羊自然感染肝片吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫和捻转血矛线虫的试验,结果表明：硫双二氯酚和左旋咪唑联合用药对肝片吸虫和捻转血矛线虫的粗计驱虫率和驱净率均为100％,对莫尼茨绦虫分别为94．2％和80％;硝氯酚和左旋咪唑联合用药对捻转血矛线虫的粗计驱虫率和驱净率均为100％,对肝片吸虫分别为81．0％和60．0％,对莫尼茨绦虫无效;吡喹酮和左旋咪唑联合用药对捻转血矛线虫的粗计驱虫率和驱净率均为100％,对莫尼茨绦虫分别为94．1％和80．0％,对肝片吸虫无效。建议在山羊生产中采用硫酸二氯酚和左旋咪唑联合用药驱除肝片吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫和捻转血矛线虫可获得最佳驱虫效果。     

联合用药驱除山羊肝片吸虫,莫尼茨绦虫和捻转血柔线虫试验

应用两种药物驱除山羊自然感染肝片吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫和捻转血柔线虫的试验,结果表明：硫双二氯酚和左旋咪唑联合用药对肝片吸虫和捻转血矛线虫的粗计驱虫率和驱净率均为１００％,对肝片吸虫分别为８１．０％和６０．０％,对莫尼茨绦虫无效;吡喹酮和左旋咪唑联合用药对捻转血矛线虫的粗计驱虫率和驱净率均为１００％,对莫尼茨绦虫分别为９４．１％和８０．０％,对肝片吸虫无效,建议在山羊生产中采用硫酸二氯酚和左旋咪唑联合用     

放牧黄牛寄生蠕虫调查及配方驱虫试验

应用改良史多尔（ｓｔｏｌ’ｓ）虫卵计数法，在春乏期随机抽检放牧黄牛２６头，发现消化道线虫、肝片吸虫、矛形双腔吸虫和莫尼茨绦虫的感染率分别为７６９％、４２３％、２３１％和７７％；感染强度以消化道线虫最高，每克粪便中虫卵数（ｅｐｇ）平均达４７６９枚，最高达１０００枚，分期重复检查发现ｅｐｇ平均上升３５０枚。应用硝氯酚、丙硫苯咪唑和盐酸左旋唑进行配方驱虫，硝丙合剂投服１５天，消化道线虫卵和肝片吸虫卵减少率和转阴率均达到１００％。     

不同药物对山羊肝片吸虫及消化道线虫驱除效果的比较试验

通过对遵义、毕节、思南等9个县（市）山羊寄生虫感染种类粪便镜检和调查，发现山羊寄生虫感染极为普遍，其感染率达100%，尤其以肝片吸虫和消化道线虫呈广泛性分布，危害也较为严重。应用硝氯酚，左旋咪唑和硝氯酚与左旋咪唑组合方式给羊只进行驱虫，并观察羊只的虫卵减少率与体增重的关系。结果用药组的体增重与对照相比，硝氯酚组平均多增重5.8kg/只，左旋咪唑组5.0kg/只，联合用药组12.0kg/只。     

国产三氯苯咪唑驱除山羊肝片形吸虫效果试验

以国产三氯苯咪唑对自然感染肝片形吸虫的山羊进行了驱虫试验，并以硝氯酚为药物对照。结果表明，三氯本咪唑5mg/kg体重的剂量对肝片形吸虫成虫和童虫的驱虫率分别为99.3%和92.9%，驱净率为75％；三氯苯咪唑10mg/kg体重的剂量对肝片形吸虫成虫和童虫的驱虫率均为100％，驱净率为100％；硝氯酚5mg/kg体重剂量对肝片形吸虫成虫驱虫率为100％，但对童虫的仅为74.3%，而驱净率仅为60％。在整个试验期间试验羊均无不良反应。     

羊常见寄生虫病的诊断与防治

羊体中常见的寄生虫有吸虫（包括双腔吸虫和肝片吸虫等）、绦虫（如脑多头蚴等）、线虫（如背带线虫和古博线虫等）、原虫（如边虫等）和部分节肢动物（如毛虱等），常用的治疗药物有硝氯酚、硫酸二氯酚、硫酸铜、丙硫咪唑和左旋咪唑等。羊常见寄生虫病的防控措施包括当地养羊业的流行病学特点、定期进行预防性驱虫用药和加强养羊业管理。     

硝氯酚和福诺得驱除绵羊肝片吸虫效果的比较试验

应用硝氯酚和福诺得在绵羊中进行了驱除肝片吸虫效果的比较试验.结果表明,硝氯酚按5mg/kg体重驱虫,虫卵减少率96.17%;福诺得按13mg/kg体重驱虫,虫卵减少率96.34%,两者的驱虫效果相似,但在应用时硝氯酚剂量稍大会出现中毒反应,剂量过小则效果不佳.建议驱除绵羊肝片吸虫时尽量应用福诺得.     

使用混合药物对湖羊驱虫试验报告

经实验室检查,患肝片吸虫、双口吸虫和线虫(以捻转血矛线虫为代表)混合感染的病湖羊25头作驱虫效果试验,分成五组,分别采用别丁、四咪唑,硝氯酚、四咪唑,硝氯酚、敌百虫混合内服,服药72小时后剖检查虫与对照组比较,计算驱虫效果。结果:别丁80～100mg/kg、四咪唑15mg/kg组,总驱虫率为98.7～99.2％;硝氯酚4mg/kg、四咪唑15mg/kg组,总驱虫率为93.2％;硝氯酚4mg/kg、敌百虫100mg/kg组,总驱虫率为78.8％。在试验中别丁四咪唑二组仅见部份羊有轻微软便,硝氯酚四咪唑组仅见个别羊略有气急,硝氯酚敌百虫组反应较重。另取湖羊十二头,分成四组,分别按别丁四咪唑和硝氯酚四咪唑的有效剂量增加15％、30％和50％、100％一次内服,均无严重反应。证实在群众性大面积驱虫时,即使估重发生误差,也不致产生严重后果。一九八○年来,本地区大力推广混合驱虫法,并委托药厂试制别丁、四咪唑复方驱虫片,全面推广,近三年仅桐乡就使用复方驱虫片1464.8万片,驱虫羊120万头次。湖羊的各种内寄生虫种类多,感染率高,感染强度大,每年都造成大批羊只死亡。为了节省人力,避开农忙,达到一次服药就能把数种主要寄生虫都驱除的目的,保障养羊生产的发展,我们于一九七八年选择了几个驱吸虫药和驱线虫药的组合。进行驱虫试验和毒性观察。现将试验情况和结果报告如下。     

驱除牛肝片形吸虫及消化道圆形线虫与体增重相关性的研究

通过寄生虫区系调查和临床检验，发现肝片形吸虫及消化道圆形线虫感染普遍。因此，应用硝氯酚和左旋咪唑给牛驱虫，并观察牛的虫卵减少率与体增重的关系。结果用药组的体增重与对照组比，硝氯酚组平均多增重２６．１ｋｇ／头；左旋咪唑７８．９ｋｇ／头。     

本地饲养与引进牛羊感染肝片形吸虫后的驱虫效果比较

长期在肝片形吸虫疫区饲养的牛羊群中，用硫双二氯酚100mg／kg(羊)、60mg／kg(牛)口服 左旋咪唑10mg／kg口服驱虫两次后，蠕虫剖检法查牛羊共10头，在肝脏胆管内查出肝片形吸虫146条；第3次驱虫后，剖检羊5头，找到虫体42条，驱虫效果不理想；从外引进的12头牛羊感染肝片形吸虫后药物驱虫敏感，效果明显，经过3次驱虫后，肝片形吸虫病基本转阴。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.