短期NaCl胁迫对西伯利亚白刺幼苗Na~+、K~+分配和平衡的影响

[目的]为探究西伯利亚白刺盐适应机制。[方法]以1年生西伯利亚白刺水培幼苗为材料,研究不同浓度NaCl(0、200、300 mmol·L-1)胁迫24 h后根系Na~+、K~+离子流的动态变化(利用扫描离子选择微电极技术,SIET)及植株各器官中Na~+、K~+含量的静态变化(利用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪,ICP-OES)。[结果]表明:(1)短期NaCl胁迫显著提高了西伯利亚白刺根、茎、叶中Na~+含量,其中,叶中Na~+含量是根中的3倍以上;西伯利亚白刺根、茎、叶中K~+含量保持稳定或上升;(2)盐胁迫下,西伯利亚白刺根、茎、叶中K~+/Na~+呈下降趋势,其中,在200、300 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,根中K~+/Na~+差异不显著;(3)离子流结果显示,NaCl胁迫显著提高了西伯利亚白刺根系Na~+的外流;对照和200 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,K~+净流量分别为156、159 pmol·cm-2·s-1,差异不显著;300 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫显著提高了K~+的内流,净流量为-370 pmol·cm-2·s-1。[结论]综合分析认为,西伯利亚白刺通过叶片对Na~+区隔,加强根系对Na~+的外排和K~+内流,进而维持植株根系K~+/Na~+的相对平衡,以此适应盐渍环境。     

唐古特白刺悬浮细胞对盐胁迫的生长与生理响应

以唐古特白刺悬浮细胞为研究对象,对比分析了不同盐(Na Cl)浓度(0、100、150、200、250 mmol·L-1)胁迫下细胞生长状态和可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)等生理生化指标随培养时间的动态变化及其相关性。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫对白刺悬浮细胞生长状态影响明显,细胞生长符合Logistic生长曲线模型,其中,盐浓度100 mmol·L-1胁迫下白刺悬浮细胞生长速度最快,之后随着盐浓度的增加细胞生长逐渐受抑。(2)盐胁迫对白刺细胞生理生化指标影响明显,在培养初期,各指标随盐浓度的增加而增加,但随着培养时间的延长这种趋势逐渐减弱,其中,脯氨酸、SOD、MDA含量在培养过程中逐渐表现为随盐浓度的增加呈先增高后降低的趋势;在相同盐浓度胁迫下,渗透调节指标中,可溶性糖含量随培养时间的延长最先达到最大值,抗氧化酶中的SOD较POD更早达到最大值,分别是渗透调节和抗氧化酶调节的第一道防线。(3)白刺细胞鲜质量分别与可溶性糖、丙二醛含量呈极显著和显著负相关,各生理指标之间的相关性均达极显著正相关,表明盐胁迫下白刺细胞内生理生化的平衡是通过多种物质的协同作用来调节的。     

杉木对低磷胁迫的响应和生理适应机制

[目的]研究低磷胁迫对杉木幼苗各种抗氧化酶等生理指标的变化影响,探讨抗氧化酶活性与杉木耐低磷能力的关系,揭示低磷胁迫下杉木养分吸收的适应机制,阐明杉木体内生物大分子对低磷胁迫的响应。[方法]通过设置不同磷浓度(0、0.25、0.50、1.00 mmol·L~(-1))Hoagland营养液,模拟低磷胁迫试验,测定低磷胁迫对杉木幼苗的生理指标的影响,研究低磷胁迫对杉木幼苗养分吸收的影响机制以及测定杉木幼苗不同部位的光谱特性。[结果]随着缺磷程度的增加,杉木幼苗中SOD活性、CAT活性以及叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量均先升后降,根系中POD活性呈现出升高的趋势、MDA含量先降再升后降,叶片中POD活性和MDA含量先降后升。低磷胁迫对杉木幼苗根系和叶片吸收利用营养元素有显著影响。杉木苗根系所含的Mn随着缺磷程度的增加呈上升趋势,而Al和Cu先降后升,Fe和K则有所下降,Ca先升后降。此外,杉木叶片中Fe和Mn的积累量呈降低的趋势,Cu和K先升后降。低磷胁迫对杉木幼苗根系和叶片组织在3 367、2 924、1 736、1 630、1 380、1 150 1 000 cm~(-1)处特征峰吸光值影响不同。[结论]低磷胁迫下,杉木幼苗的根系和叶片会通过改变保护酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活性抑制MDA形成,降低膜脂过氧化对细胞膜系统的破坏,通过增加对其他养分元素的吸收来规避损伤以及通过改变不同部位糖类、氨基酸和蛋白质等物质含量来适应低磷环境。     

干旱胁迫及复水对绿竹容器苗生理特征的影响

[目的]探究模拟干旱环境下水分亏缺对绿竹容器苗主要营养器官生理特性的影响,为绿竹规模化育苗栽培制定适宜的经营管理及节水灌溉技术方案提供理论依据。[方法]以绿竹组培苗为试验材料,采用盆栽苗控水方式,测定分析不同干旱胁迫条件下绿竹叶片及根系抗氧化酶、膜脂渗透性、叶片光合色素含量、以及根系活力等生理指标。[结果]表明:随着干旱胁迫加重,绿竹叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量明显下降,各处理间均达到差异显著(P0.05),复水后叶绿素a、叶绿素b、及类胡萝卜素含量均明显升高,其中叶绿素a、叶绿素b达到差异显著(P0.05),但类胡萝卜素差异不显著(P0.05);干旱胁迫下,根系活力呈明显下降趋势,中度干旱胁迫(MS)和重度干旱胁迫(SS)根系活力分别比对照(CK)下降14.35%、33.31%,均达到差异显著(P0.05),复水后,根系活力均明显升高,分别达到了CK处理根系活力的96.75%、73.84%;干旱胁迫下,根系及叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈上升趋势,且在复水后均呈现一定下降趋势,表现为中度干旱胁迫后复水(MS-CK)降低程度高于重度干旱胁迫后复水(SS-CK),各处理间均达到差异显著(P0.05)。[结论]模拟干旱环境下,增加干旱胁迫程度,绿竹的根系活力及叶片色素含量呈显著降低,MDA含量及SOD、CAT、POD活性均升高。复水后,根系活力及叶片色素含量较干旱胁迫时有所提高,MDA含量及SOD、CAT、POD活性有明显下降,不同干旱程度补偿能力不同,表现为中度干旱胁迫后复水高于重度干旱胁迫后复水,且不同营养器官对于解除干旱后消除活性氧及修复适应能力也不尽相同。绿竹根系活力和叶绿素含量与干旱胁迫程度呈负相关,而保护酶SOD、CAT、POD活性以及MDA含量均与干旱胁迫程度呈正相关。     

渗透胁迫和钙处理对杉木幼苗膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响

杉木幼苗用ＰＥＧ６０００渗透胁迫（－１．５ＭＰａ,－２．５ＭＰａ）,在４８ｈ内其叶片中Ｈ２Ｏ２含量和ＭＤＡ含量明显增加,Ｈ２Ｏ２含量从３５．５μｍｏｌ．ｇ＾－１分别增加到４３．０μｍｏｌ．ｇ＾－１和４８．０μｍｏｌ．ｇ＾－１;ＭＤＡ含量从１７０．５μｍｏｌ．ｍｇ＾－１分别增加到３４９．５μｍｏｌ．ｍｇ＾－１和３６５．２μｍｏｌ．ｍｇ＾－１,其变化与胁迫强度成正比;４８ｈ后Ｈ２Ｏ２含量下降,但ＭＤＡ     

毛白杨幼苗抗氧化系统对盐胁迫的响应

在 3种不同浓度的NaCl (85mmol·L-1,170mmol·L-1,2 6 0mmol·L-1)胁迫下 ,对毛白杨幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和过氧化物酶 (POD)活性以及丙二醛 (MDA)含量进行测定 .结果发现 ,在NaCl胁迫 3小时后 ,幼苗SOD和POD活性显著降低 ,随着胁迫时间的延长 ,这两种酶活性降低较缓慢 ,但SOD活性下降程度均较POD小 .在NaCl胁迫中 ,MDA含量明显增加 ,并于胁迫 15小时后达到最大值 ,随后含量增加较小 .进一步分析发现 ,不同浓度NaCl处理对SOD和POD活性以及MDA含量的作用效应是不同的 ,其中 2 6 0mmol·L-1NaCl处理明显促进幼苗SOD和POD活性的下降与MDA含量的增加 ;而且MDA含量与SOD和POD活性的下降有关 .结果表明 ,NaCl胁迫所引起的SOD和POD活性下降可能加强膜脂过氧化作用 ,最终导致幼苗MDA含量的增加与伤害的发生     

Effect of salt stress on activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） in Ulmus pumila L.

The injury tolerance of cell plasma membrane and the correlative enzymes activities of plasma-membrane protection system in the Ulmuspumila leaves treated by nine concentrations （0.3%, 0.6%, 0,9%, 1,2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2,1%, 2.4%, 3.0%） of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 mixtures were studied in a greenhouse of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The rate of electrolyte leakage （REL） and SOD （Superoxide dismutase） activity in leaves of different samples were determined. Results showed that the REL in leaves of U. pumila presented a slowly increasing trend at the salt concentrations less than 1.5%, which indicated that cell plasma membrane of U. pumila leaves had rather strong resistance to the injury of salt ion, and had a significant increase at the salt concentrations more than 1.5%. The SOD activities in leaves of U, pumila presented an increased trend at salt concentrations less than 1.5%, the growth of seedlings did not decline, and tress and leaves had no symptom of injury, while the salt concentrations exceeded 1.5%, SOD activities sharply decreased and REL increased promptly.     

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下白榆生理特性的影响

目的]以白榆幼苗为材料,研究不同浓度水杨酸(SA)的喷施对盐胁迫下白榆生理代谢的影响。[方法]以1年生白榆品种‘白洼一号’幼苗为材料,在0、50、100和150 mmol·L~(-1)Na Cl浓度下,喷施不同浓度SA(0、0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·L~(-1)),处理30 d后对白榆水分生理、膜脂过氧化、光合色素含量和光合气体交换参数进行测定。[结果]表明:(1)盐胁迫下,外源SA可以显著提高白榆叶片相对含水量、可溶性糖含量,并降低丙二醛含量,但对电解质渗透率影响不显著。(2)0.5和2.0 mmol·L~(-1)SA会显著提高50和100 mmol·L~(-1)Na Cl胁迫下白榆叶片的光合色素含量,1.0 mmol·L~(-1)SA对各盐浓度下光合色素含量改善作用均不明显。(3)2.0 mmol·L~(-1)SA的添加提高了盐胁迫下白榆光合气体交换参数,1.0 mmol·L~(-1)SA明显降低了50 mmol·L~(-1)盐浓度下白榆叶片的净光合速率和气孔导度。[结论]适宜浓度的SA能改善白榆的生理参数,隶属函数法综合评价表明:0.5和2.0 mmol·L~(-1)SA对盐胁迫下白榆生理参数的改善作用较明显。     

Foliar Carbon Isotope Composition (δ 13C) and Water Use Efficiency of Different Populus deltoids Clones Under Water Stress

Foliar carbon isotope composition (δ ¹³C), total dry biomass, and long-term water use efficiency (WUE_L) of 12 Populus deltoids clones were studied under water stress in a greenhouse. Total dry biomass of clones decreased greatly, while δ ¹³C increased. Single-element variance analysis in the same water treatment indicated that WUE_L difference among clones was significant. Clones J₂, J₆, J₇, J₈, and J₉ were excellent with high WUE_L. Extremely significant δ ¹³C differences among water treatments and clones were revealed by two-element variance analysis. Water proved to be the primary factor affecting δ ¹³C under water stress. It showed that there was a good positive correlation between δ ¹³C and WUE_L in the same water treatment, and that a high WUE_L always coincided with a high δ ¹³C. δ ¹³C might be a reliable indirect index to estimate WUE_L among P. deltoids clones. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(1) (in Chinese)     

NaCl胁迫下沙枣幼苗的离子代谢特性

[Objective]To further understand the ion metabolism characteristics of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. under NaCl stress.[Method]The seedlings of two E. angustifolia L. provenances, which were Alaer (salt tolerance provenance) and Yinchuan (salt sensitive provenance), were treated by three NaCl concentrations (0,150,300 mmol·L^-1) and sampled at the 7th day and the 30th day to measure the Na⁺ , K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ contents, K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and selective absorption and transportation of K⁺ in tissues (roots, stems and leaves). [Result]The results showed that the Na⁺ content in the organizations of E. angustifolia L. sharply increased with the increase of NaCl concentration. With prolonging of stress time, the Na⁺ content increased in roots, and decreased in stems and leaves. After seedlings of the two provenances were treated with 150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl for 7 days, the Na⁺ content was 2.10 times and 2.23 times in leaves, respectively, compared with the control groups, and was 1.79 times and 1.57 times in root. Meanwhile, the difference between two provenances showed a expanding trend with the increase of NaCl concentration and stress time. With the increase of NaCl concentration and extension of stress time, the K⁺ content, Ca²⁺ content and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in organizations decreased gradually. Meanwhile, the Alaer provenance seedlings accumulated more Na⁺ in roots and less Na⁺ in leaves than that of Yinchuan provenance, and the K⁺ content, Ca²⁺ content and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio decreased less in the Alaer provenance seedlings than those of Yinchuan provenance. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the Mg²⁺ content in leaf gradually decrease, but the Mg²⁺ content in root increased 22.8~64.4% after salt stress for 7 days, and Alaer provenance seedlings increased more than Yinchuan provenance. After 30 days, there was non-significant difference with the control group on the Mg²⁺ content of root. K⁺ selective absorption of E. angustifolia L. seedlings significantly increased with increasing salt concentration of the media at the 7th days, whereas not obvious at the 30th days. When the concentration of NaCl in the media increased, the change of K⁺ selective transportation was not significant. [Conclusion]E. angustifolia L. seedlings increase Mg²⁺ content and K⁺ selective absorption in the roots at the early stage of salt stress to adapt saline environment. The salt-tolerance E. angustifolia L. provenance can cut off more Na⁺ in roots and reduce Na⁺ content in leaves, which cause less K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ contents loss, especially the roots and leaves, so as to ensure that all kinds of metabolisms can go well.     

3种白刺耐盐性的对比分析

以2年生西伯利亚白刺、齿叶白刺和唐古特白刺苗为材料,设置0、100、200、300、400 mmol.L-1NaCl 5种盐浓度开展胁迫试验,测定并对比分析其对盐胁迫的生长及生理生化响应。结果表明:低盐浓度处理促使白刺生长速度和生物量增加、叶绿素含量增高,高盐浓度处理下这种促进作用降低;在100 mmol.L-1的盐处理下,唐古特白刺、西伯利亚白刺、齿叶白刺叶绿素含量均达最高,分别为0.72、0.78、0.61 mg.g-1;在400 mmol.L-1的盐处理下,唐古特白刺、西伯利亚白刺、齿叶白刺生物量为最低,分别为10.49、12.42、10.19 g.株-1,仅为对照的75%79%;3种白刺中,唐古特白刺的Na+/K+最高,施盐处理下西伯利亚白刺的Na+/K+均高于对照,而齿叶白刺则低于对照;随着盐浓度的增加,3种白刺叶片中可溶性蛋白的含量递增,可溶性糖含量则先增后减;低盐浓度处理的唐古特和西伯利亚白刺叶片中MDA含量比对照低,齿叶白刺却比对照高;3种白刺的POD和SOD活性在盐处理下高于对照,其中唐古特白刺叶片中POD活性最低,齿叶白刺中SOD活性最高;3种白刺在盐胁迫下均能正常生长。     

毛白杨叶片保护酶活性等对干旱胁迫的响应

通过盆栽控水试验研究了不同水分胁迫条件下毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)8个1(2)-O型无性系苗木叶片中膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的动态变化过程.结果表明,随干旱胁迫强度的增大,毛白杨无性系叶片的MDA含量、CAT活性呈递增...     

盐旱交叉胁迫对皂角幼苗保护酶活性的影响

以一年生皂角Gleditsia sinensis Lam.实生苗为材料,研究干旱和盐分交叉胁迫对其膜质过氧化和保护酶活性的影响.结果表明:盐旱交叉胁迫下,丙二醛(MDA)含量、膜透性呈上升趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先上升后下降;在相同的处理下,随着处理时间的延长,膜透性和MDA含量呈上升趋势,SOD、POD活性均下降,CAT活性先上升后下降.分析认为皂角幼苗在盐旱交叉胁迫下表现出交叉适应性,适度的干旱胁迫可增加皂角的抗盐能力.     

Investigation of anti-salt stress on tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia

Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia was used as a main test material and diploid R. pseudoacacia was used as the control. The indices of shape, physiology and biochemistry, photosynthesis and anatomic structure of the young plants were investigated under salt stress (NaCl and Na₂SO₄). The treatment time was 30 d with an interval time of 7 d. Before and after treatment, the indices were measured. Results show that: 1) the growth of diploid R. pseudoacacia inhibited an evident symptom of salt damage and the leaf moisture content was lower under salt stress than that of control. But the tetraploid R. pseudoacacia was contrary. 2) The relative electric conductivity and proline (Pro) of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia increased slightly and had no significant difference compared with its control, which was contrary to diploid R. pseudoacacia. At the same time, three protective enzymes including perocidase (POD), superoxide (SOD) and catalase (CAT) kept higher activities at a post stage of salt stress to tetraploid R. pseudoacacia, which enhanced its anti-salt characteristics. Diploid R. pseudoacacia was sensitive to salt and had contrary information. 3) Salt stress had little influence to photosynthesis of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia. The net photosynthetic rate (P _n) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) had no significant changes, but those of diploid R. pseudoacacia decreased singificantly. 4) After salt stress, the anatomic structure of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia had a positive reaction, including the palisade parenchyma of diachyma, was prolonged and arranged more tightly. The spongy parenchyma was shrunk and was arranged tightly, which was contrary with diploid R. pseudoacacia. These data demonstrate that tetraploid R. pseudoacacia had superior anti-salt performance. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(3): 654–663 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

锌胁迫对长药景天生理特性的影响

[目的]利用低浓度和高浓度的Zn SO4溶液对长药景天的长期胁迫,研究长药景天锌胁迫下的抗性能力。[方法]采用盆栽试验,锌以Zn SO4·7H2O的形式供给,浓度分别为0、160和1 600 mg·kg-1Zn SO4,分别于0、7、14、21、28、35 d采集长势健康,且个体相近的植株,在相同部位选取功能叶片,测定长药景天叶片生理指标的变化。[结果]表明:低浓度(160 mg·kg-1Zn SO4)锌胁迫下,长药景天叶片电导率和MDA含量增加不显著;SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶活性增加,脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量增加,高浓度(1 600 mg·kg-1Zn SO4)下电导率和MDA含量增加,保护酶活性增加,脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量变化较小。[结论]长药景天对锌胁迫表现出较强的抗性,低浓度锌胁迫下调节能力较强,高浓度下主要依赖于保护酶系统的调节作用抵抗锌胁迫。在持续锌胁迫过程中,长药景天生理上能迅速作出相应的适应性调节,对锌胁迫表现出一定的忍耐能力和较强的恢复能力。     

Growth response to the stress of low osmotic potential,salinity and high pH in cultured shoot of Chinese poplars

In vitro cultured shoots of three Chinese poplar species (Populus tomentosa, P. alba cv. Pyramidalis andP. euphratica) and an improved poplar (FS-51), as a control, were exposed to the stress of low osmotic potential, salinity and high pH, and the shoot growth was measured.P. tomentosa andP. euphratica could grow even under the high osmotic stress (0.5m mannitol; −1.7 MPa).P. euphratica shoots which were previously cultured on the medium containing 0.7m mannitol (−2.4 MPa) recovered its growth after being transplanted to the medium without mannitol. The shoot growth ofP. euphratica was not so reduced even on the medium containing 100 mM NaCl. However, growth of the other poplars markedly reduced with 10 mM NaCl. Medium pH (pH 5.8–10) also did not affect the shoot growth ofP. euphratica. These poplars have different tolerance to the stresses in cultured shootin vitro. P. euphratica was extremely tolerant to the stresses which are possible to damage plants in dry land. A part of this study was presented at the 104th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society. (1993).     

盐肤木幼苗对铅胁迫的生理响应

[Objective]A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of Rhus chinensis Mill for phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil.[Method]The response of container seedlings to Pb concentrations (0, 400 and 1 000 mg·kg^-1) in the soil was studied. Seedling growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid, chlorophyll fluorescence, malondialdehyde (MDA), nutrient elements, Pb accumulation and translocation were assessed.[Result]The results showed that R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity. Compared to the control, the biomass increased slightly at low concentration (400 mg·kg^-1). Under Pb stress conditions, the root elongation was restrained, while the radial growth of root was promoted and the fine root was developed better. No differences were observed in photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, and MDA. During the experiment, only small quantity of Pb were uptake by R. chinensis, and most of the Pb absorbed by plants was retained in the roots. However, at the high concentration (1 000 mg·kg^-1), R. chinensis transported metal to the shoots better, and the translocation factor (TF) value was 0.66. Under the Pb stress, oxalic acid of root exudates was increased significantly; while the root could be induced malic acid and citric acid, and the concentration increased with Pb concentration in soil. [Conclusion]R. chinensis was found to have Pb tolerance and phytoremediation potential in Pb-contaminated soils.     

Evaluation of the sap flow using heat pulse method to determine transpiration of the Populus euphratica canopy

The sap flow of the sampled Populus euphratica stems at different radial depths and directions had been studied in Ejina Oasis, in the lower reaches of the Heihe River. Based on sap flow measurements, the transpiration of the entire canopy was calculated. Results showed a linear correlation between the sap flow and the sapwood area of the P. euphratica. Through the analysis of the diameter at breast height in the sample plot, it was found that the distribution of the diameters and the corresponding sapwood area was exponentially correlated, with the coefficient of correlation being 0.976,7. The calculated transpiration of the Populus euphratica canopy was 214.9 mm based on the specific conductivity method. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(7): 28–32 [译自: 林业科学]     

Spatial distribution pattern and dynamics of the primary population in a natural Populus euphratica forest in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China

One 50 m × 50 m standard plot was sampled in a natural forest of Populus euphratica in Awati County, situated at the edge of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The field investigation was conducted with a contiguous grid quadrate method. By means of a test of variance/mean value ratio, aggregation intensity index and theoretical distribution models, the spatial distribution pattern and the dynamics of primary populations in P. euphratica forest were studied. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of two dominant arbor populations conformed to clumped distribution. The aggregation intensity of the P. euphratica population was higher than that of P. pruinosa population. The spatial distribution pattern of two companion plant populations in the shrub layer also conformed to clump type, though the aggregation intensity of Tamarix chinensis was higher. In the herb layer, the distribution patterns of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Asparagus persicus conformed respectively to a clumped pattern and a random pattern. The results of a Taylor power method test and Iwao’s regression model also verified that both P. euphratica and P. pruinosa populations belong to a clumped pattern. Although the distribution pattern of P. pruinosa population at different development stages all belonged to a clumped distribution pattern, the aggregation intensity dropped gradually along with age development. The distribution patterns of the P. euphratica population at different development stages changed from random type to clumped type, and further to random type. The differences in spatial distribution patterns of different populations at different development stages were related not only to ecological and biological characteristics of each species in the communities in the light of competitive exclusion principle among the populations, but were also closely related to the habitats in which the species lived in. __________ Translated from Journal of Southwest Forestry College, 2007, 27(2): 1–5 [译自: 西南林学院学报]     

Diversity of soil microorganisms in natural Populus euphratica forests in Xinjiang, northwestern China

To better understand the distribution of soil microorganisms in Populus euphratica forests in Xinjiang, northwestern China, we studied and compared the populations and numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil at four different age stages of natural P. euphratica forests, i.e., juvenile forests, middle-aged forests, over-mature forests and degraded forests. Results showed that there were clear differences in the amount of microorganism biomass and composition rates across the four forest stages. Dominant and special microorganisms were present in each of the four different soil layers. The vertical distribution showed that the microorganism biomass decreased with increasing soil depth. The population of microorganisms was the lowest at 31–40 cm of soil depth. The microorganisms consisted of bacteria, actinomycetes, as well as fungi. Bacteria were the chief component of microorganisms and were widely distributed, but fungi were scarce in some soil layers. Aspergillus was the dominant genus among the 11 genera of fungi isolated from the soil in different age stages of P. euphratica forests. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(5): 127–131 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]