Evaluation Modeling of the Best College Coaches

We construct several models to select the best five coaches in different files at college for the previous century.Frist of all,aiming at the college coaches’major diathesis,a scientific questionnaire is built up.we select reasonably four aspects:ability,career,personal achievement,matches played,to compare coaches’achievement by predigesting the integrated evaluation index system based on the online data from NCAA[1].Finally,we get the rough relative weight of the four aspects.Then we study the accurate weight.First,we use AHP to get more accurate weight at the foundation of the rough relative weight.However,the weight is slightly subjective.Therefore,we filter the collected data,and employ Entropy Method to get weight.Finally,the Meta Synthesis Weight Approach is stipulated to combine the two methods and get the ultimate weight.In the end,we calculate the score every coach get and obtains the ranking..Then,we calculate the scores in weighted way based on the weight of Model.     

Model Optimization of Litter Size and Genetic Analyses of Model Parameters in Sows

According to two properties of the life cycle and to fluctuation with parities, four mathemati- cal models, the Poisson cycle model, the cubic polyno- mial model, the modified quadratic polynomial model- I artd the modified quadratic polynomial model-H, were used to fit the records of litter size in Jiangquhai sows. From the viewpoint of statistics and biological significance, the modified quadratic polynomial mod- el-I was found to be the optimum model. A single traitanimal model and DFREML procedures were further used to estimate the heritability values of optimum model parameters. The results show that the heritabili- ty values for the coefficients A and B and the herita- bility value for the acme of the model pure quadric curve are larger than the heritability value for the litter size. This suggests that selection for model parameters may be more effective than direct selection for litter size.     

Effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio)

A 41-wk growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio) with an initial body weight of 1.85 ± 0.17 g. The dietary protein levels were designed at 320(P32), 360(P36). 400(P40).and 440 g/kg(P44), respectively. The growth curves of the gibel carp for each group were fitted and analyzed with four nonlinear regression models(Gompertz. logistic. von Bertalanffy and Richards). The final body weights(mean ± SD) of the fish were 226 ± 6.231 ± 7.242 ± 2, and 236 ± 2 g for P32, P36, P40,and P44. respectively. Feed conversion ratio of P40 and P44 groups was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups(P 0.05). Productive protein value of P44 group was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups, but not different from that of P40 group(P 0.05). The growth response of the gibel carp for each group was the best fitted by Richards model with the lowest Chi~2, residual sum of squares and residual variance, then Gompertz and von Bertalanffy growth models, but the logistic model did not fit the data well justified by Chi~2 values. The optimal protein level(400 g/kg) prolonged the stage of fast growth and predicted the highest asymptotic weight, which was close to the harvest size in practice.     

Temporal and spatial variation in grassland ground surface soil heat flux on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 2003 to 2018北大核心CSCD

Based on measured data from 7 stations on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,the ground surface soil heat flux （G0） was calculated,and the diurnal and seasonal variations were analyzed. Combining this data with a MODIS,1 km resolution all-weather surface temperature data set for Western China and a China regional surface meteorological element driven data set,the Ma model was used to retrieve the ground surface soil heat flux of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 2003 to 2018,and the differences in surface soil heat fluxes of different grassland types were analyzed. It was found that：1） The soil heat flux G0 in the surface layer was greater than that in the subsurface layers. The diurnal curve of G0 showed an inverted“U”shape,and the flux was relatively gentle at night compared with that during the day. 2） The seasonal amplitude of soil heat flux,G0 in the surface layer ranked summer>spring> autumn>winter. The average value of G0 in spring and summer was typically positive,while the average value of G0 in autumn and winter was basically negative. The ground surface soil heat flux in the northwest of the plateau in summer is higher than that in the southeast,while the opposite occurs in winter. 3） The soil heat flux of plateau grassland ranged between 40 and 80 W·m−2. The highest average value of G0 among all categories of grassland in the 16 years surveyed was 76. 557 W·m−2 for the‘desertification’category of temperate grassland,and the lowest was 46. 118 W·m−2 for the alpine meadow category. 4） The G0 of plateau grassland increased and then decreased through any one calendar year and seasonally was ranked summer>spring>autumn>winter. The lowest G0 in spring and summer occurred in alpine meadow,while the highest in spring was in‘desertification’temperate grassland and the highest in summer was in the temperate grassland category; The highest G0 in autumn and winter was in the warm shrub grassland,while the lowest was in the alpine deserts steppe. The above results can provide reference data for the study of surface energy balance of plateau grassland. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

The superiority of multi-trait models with genotype-by-environment interactions in a limited number of environments for genomic prediction in pigs

Background: Different production systems and climates could lead to genotype-by-environment(G × E) interactions between populations, and the inclusion of G × E interactions is becoming essential in breeding decisions. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of multi-trait models in genomic prediction in a limited number of environments with G × E interactions.Results: In total, 2,688 and 1,384 individuals with growth and reproduction phenotypes, respectively, from two Yorkshire pig populations with similar genetic backgrounds were genotyped with the PorcineSNP80 panel.Single-and multi-trait models with genomic best linear unbiased prediction(GBLUP) and BayesC π were implemented to investigate their genomic prediction abilities with 20 replicates of five-fold cross-validation.Our results regarding between-environment genetic correlations of growth and reproductive traits(ranging from 0.618 to 0.723) indicated the existence of G × E interactions between these two Yorkshire pig populations. For single-trait models, genomic prediction with GBLUP was only 1.1% more accurate on average in the combined population than in single populations, and no significant improvements were obtained by BayesC π for most traits. In addition, single-trait models with either GBLUP or BayesC π produced greater bias for the combined population than for single populations. However, multi-trait models with GBLUP and BayesC π better accommodated G × E interactions,yielding 2.2% – 3.8% and 1.0% – 2.5% higher prediction accuracies for growth and reproductive traits, respectively,compared to those for single-trait models of single populations and the combined population. The multi-trait models also yielded lower bias and larger gains in the case of a small reference population. The smaller improvement in prediction accuracy and larger bias obtained by the single-trait models in the combined population was mainly due to the low consistency of linkage disequilibrium between the two populations, which also caused the BayesC π method to always produce the largest standard error in marker effect estimation for the combined population.Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings confirmed that directly combining populations to enlarge the reference population is not efficient in improving the accuracy of genomic prediction in the presence of G × E interactions, while multi-trait models perform better in a limited number of environments with G × E interactions.     

Climate and land-use change jointly determine the spatial-temporal changes of ecosystem services in Hainan and Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures，Qinghai Province北大核心CSCD

Evaluating the spatial-temporal dynamics and driving factors of ecosystem services is fundamental to the understanding of how to maintain and improve those ecosystem services. Alpine regions are both a hotspot of ecosystem service supply，and sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. However，there are few systematic studies investigating the joint role of land-use change and climate change in shaping the spatial-temporal dynamics of alpine ecosystem services. Here，we first used models of ecosystem services to quantify changes in seven ecosystem services and in ecosystem multiserviceability from 2000 to 2015 in Haibei and Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Next，we investigated the relative importance of climate change，population density change，land-use change and the interactions between climate change and land-use change effects on ecosystem services using generalized linear models. We found that ecosystem services increased in the south while decreased in the north from 2000 to 2015. Land use change（relative contribution was 34%）was the major factor affecting food supply. Net ecosystem productivity（NEP）was affected by temperature change（relative contribution was 77%）. Water purification（nitrogen and phosphorus retention），soil retention，water yield and water retention were affected by precipitation change （relative contributions were 63%，48%，74%，86% and 75%，respectively）. Ecosystem multiserviceability was also affected by precipitation. In addition to the service of soil retention，the effects of climate change（i. e. precipitation and temperature）on other ecosystem services and ecosystem multiserviceability varied with land-use change （interaction，P<0. 001）. Our study highlights that realizing the sustainable development of ecosystem services needs to pay attention to both land-use change and the interactions between climate change and land-use change and optimizing the spatial-temporal allocation of ecosystem services to improve ecosystem multiserviceability in alpine regions. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Grassland quality response to climate change in Xinjiang and predicted future trends北大核心CSCD

Grassland is a major vegetation type in Xinjiang Province,and is an important component of carbon source-sink calculations. It is therefore important to ecological management decisions to understand the factors driving changes in grassland quality and likely future trends in those changes. We used geographic information maps to eliminate the interference of human activities and determine changes in grassland status and areas of stable grassland from 1980 to 2020,and analyzed changes in grassland quality and its response to climate change using data such as normalized vegetation index（NDVI）,vegetation net primary productivity（NPP）,and meteorological data,among others. We here estimate changes in grassland quality in Xinjiang and predict grassland quality changes from 2021 to 2040 using the Thornthwaite Memorial model and other models. We found that：1） The grassland quality in Xinjiang was generally increasing,with a statistically significant rate of ongoing increase. The grassland cover and quality in mountainous areas of Xinjiang was high,while that at the desert edge was low. 2）The main driving forces for grassland quality changes in Xinjiang are temperature and precipitation. The correlation between grassland quality and precipitation was positive. Temperatures exceeding a certain limit were found to inhibit grassland quality. Sensitivity to temperature and precipitation decline was found to be greater when vegetation cover was lower. 3）The grassland quality and its temporal and spatial changes in Xinjiang can be reflected by climatic productivity. The lower the grassland cover,the stronger was the link between grassland quality and climate factors. 4）Under currently predicted climate change scenarios,the quality of low-cover grassland will be improved in the future,while the quality of other categories will tend to decrease. This information on grassland quality in Xinjiang and its predicted future trends can assist in formulating ecological protection measures and in other ways,such as compilation of carbon stock inventories. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Plasma metabolomic profiles and immune responses of piglets after weaning and challenge with E. coli

Background： The processes of weaning and exposure to pathogenic bacteria induce stress responses, which may alter the metabolism. In this study, we investigated the changes in plasma metabolites and immune responses in piglets in response to the stress induced by weaning and Escherichia coli challenge. Results： Fecal dry matter decreased （P = 0.003） and nearly half （44.4%） the piglets developed diarrhea on day 2 and 3 postweaning. The concentration of plasma immunoglobulin A was higher （P 〈 0.001） on day 11 postweaning than on day 0 or 4 postweaning. The levels of white blood cells increased continuously （P〈 0.001） from day 0 to day 11 postweaning. Differences in the percentages of neutrophils （P = 0.029） and lymphocytes （P = 0.022） were seen, but the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio did not differ in the period after weaning. A clear separation of the metabolomic profile data for day 0 and day 4 postweaning was observed with a principal components analysis （PCA） scores plot, and the data for day 11 were located between those for day 0 and day 4 postweaning. The plasma levels of proline, taurine, and carnitine were higher, whereas those of betaine, creatine, L-arginine and acetylcarnitine were lower on day 4 postweaning than on day 0. Levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine were either higher or lower after weaning, depending on the chain lengths or characters of these metabolites. Conclusions： Our results show a clear separation in the plasma metabolomic profiles of piglets that corresponded to the fecal responses to stress on the piglets induced by weaning or exposure to a pathogen （E. coli）. These plasma metabolite profiles suggest that the challenges induced proinflammatory responses in the piglets, resulting in postweaning diarrhea, which was associated with higher concentrations of IgA in the plasma.     

A novel candidate gene CLN8 regulates fat deposition in avianOA

Background The fat deposition has a crucial role in animal meat flavor, and fat deposition-related traits are vital for breeding in the commercial duck industry. Avian fat-related traits are typical complex phenotypes, which need a large amount of data to analyze the genetic loci.Results In this study, we performed a new phenotypic analysis of fat traits and genotyped whole-genome variations for 1,246 ducks, and combed with previous GWAS data to reach 1,880 ducks for following analysis. The carc...     

The dark side of technological advances in analysis of microbial ecosystems

Recent technological advances mean that samples from animal experiments may be analysed more cheaply, more easily and with a much greater return of data than previously. Research groups are frequently faced with a choice of continuing to use established technology in which they may have made a significant investment of time and resources, and have significant amounts of reference data, or switching to new technology where reference data may be limited. Apart from cost, the choice needs to be based on a comparison between the increase in data available from future experiments by switching and the value of comparison with reference data from historical experiments analysed with earlier technology. One approach to this problem is to ensure that sufficient quantity and variety of samples are taken from each experiment and appropriately stored to allow re-establishment of a sufficiently large reference set and to avoid the need to repeat animal experiments. The establishment of ‘biobanks' of experimental material will require funding for infrastructure, consistent storage of metadata and, importantly,horizon-scanning to ensure that samples are taken appropriately for techniques which will become accessible in future. Such biobanks are a recognised resource in human medicine, where the value of samples increases as more analysis is carried out and added to the metadata.     

基于机器学习算法的天祝藏族自治县草地地上生物量反演

使用机器学习算法快速、准确、大范围监测草地地上生物量（AGB）是目前研究热点，但不同机器学习算法因训练样本、超参数设置不同而存在较大差异。基于实测草地AGB和同期遥感数据、气象数据、地形数据，选择与草地AGB相关性较强的13个因子作为深度神经网络 （DNN）、随机森林算法（RF）、梯度提升回归树（GBRT）、支持向量机（SVR）、人工神经网络（ANN）和高斯过程回归（GPR）算法的输入变量，建立草地AGB预测模型并从模型预测精度、稳定性、样本敏感性等方面综合评价6种模型应用潜力，分析2020年天祝藏族自治县生长季（4-9月）内草地AGB时空变化特征及其对气候的响应。结果表明：1）DNN估算草地AGB的综合性能最佳，但稳定性较差，对样本敏感性较高；GPR综合性能次于DNN，稳定性和精度均较好；GBRT、RF模拟精度较高，稳定性差；SVR和ANN精度相对其他模型较差，SVR稳定性较高，ANN稳定性较差。2）天祝藏族自治县草地AGB集中在50~250 g·m^-2，不同月份草地AGB空间异质性较大，整体表现为从西北向东南呈下降趋势。3）山地草甸、高寒草甸和温性草原中的AGB变化与气温表现出较为明显的正相关关系。降水量对高寒草甸、温性草原和山地草甸的影响不明显，但对温性荒漠草原类的影响较大，AGB随降水量减少呈现减少态势。以上研究结果可为监测草地生物量的方法选择和参数设置提供一定技术支持和参考依据。     

基于STARFM的草地地上生物量遥感估测研究——以甘肃省夏河县桑科草原为例

遥感数据具有实时、动态、大范围等特点,在草地资源监测与管理研究中获得了广泛应用。然而,单一的遥感植被指数无法同时满足草地地上生物量观测中时空分辨率的需求。因此,本研究基于时间序列Landsat NDVI和MODIS NDVI数据,结合时空融合算法（spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model, STARFM）,生成了2000-2016年高时空分辨率的植被指数数据集（NDVI_STARFM,时间分辨率为16 d,空间分辨率为30 m）,并基于2013-2016年地面实测草地地上生物量数据,构建了夏河县桑科草原高寒草地地上生物量遥感反演模型,分析了2000-2016年研究区草地地上生物量生长状况和变化趋势。结果表明：1）基于NDVI_STARFM的最优估测模型为乘幂模型,其R²为0.58,均方根误差（root mean square error, RMSE）为795.62 kg·hm^-2,模型的表现能力次于Landsat NDVI最优估测模型（R²=0.76,RMSE=634.83 kg·hm^-2）,而优于MODIS NDVI最优估测模型（R²=0.24,RMSE=937.79 kg·hm^-2）;2）基于NDVI_STARFM最优估测模型对各样区草地地上生物量总产的估测精度优于MODIS NDVI而次于Landsat NDVI,总体精度达84.05%;3）2000-2016年来,夏河县研究区草地地上生物量总体呈现增加趋势,其中90%左右的区域年增量大于30 kg·hm^-2,草地地上生物量呈现减少趋势的区域仅占2.30%。     

不同退化程度对高寒草甸土壤无机氮及脲酶活性的影响

以东祁连山围封草地(FG)、轻度退化草地(LD)、中度退化草地(MD)、重度退化草地(HD)4种类型高寒草甸为研究对象,分别在春季、夏季和冬季采集各类型高寒草地0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层的土壤样品,研究了土壤的无机氮总量、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)含量及土壤脲酶活性,以明确不同退化程度对高寒草甸土壤无机氮和脲酶活性特征及其季节动态的影响。结果表明,草地退化对表层土壤的无机氮总量影响较大,春季和夏季3种不同退化程度高寒草地土壤无机氮总量均显著升高,春季LD、MD和HD分别比FG升高了39.9%、28.9%和68.4%,夏季分别升高了19.1%、28.7%和33.6%,但冬季却显著降低,LD、MD和HD分别比FG降低了20.4%、27.2%和47.4%。土壤无机氮形态的研究结果表明草地退化对土壤无机氮形态的效应存在季节差异,草地退化导致春季表层土壤铵态氮含量升高,而对硝态氮含量影响不大,从而导致土壤无机氮总量升高,而夏季情况正好相反,草地退化对夏季表层土壤的铵态氮含量影响不大,而硝态氮含量升高,同样导致土壤无机氮总量升高。草地退化对脲酶活性的影响同样存在季节差异,相比FG,春季LD 和MD的表层土壤脲酶活性显著提高, HD下降,而夏季和冬季随着退化程度的加剧,脲酶活性均表现出逐渐升高的趋势,表明轻度和中度退化加快了春季高寒草甸土壤氮素的转化,增加了土壤无机氮的供应能力。     

基于Landsat 8 OLI影像的渭-库绿洲植被地上生物量估算

干旱区绿洲植被地上生物量估算研究可为绿洲生态系统稳定性评价与区域碳储量估算提供重要依据。以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区，利用ENVI 5.3软件对Landsat 8 OLI 影像数据进行预处理，提取反映植被地上生物量信息的植被指数和波段因子，并结合样地实测数据，采用常规统计模型、多元逐步回归和偏最小二乘回归方法建立研究区植被地上生物量最优估测模型，从而揭示该绿洲植被地上生物量的空间分布特征。结果表明：1）所选的20个遥感因子与实测植被地上生物量呈极显著正相关关系，相关系数为0.5~0.7（P<0.01）。2）乔木与灌木地上生物量最优估测模型均为多元逐步回归模型，草本与农作物地上生物量的估测模型以偏最小二乘回归模型为最优，模型验证决定系数均在0.6以上，均方根误差和平均绝对误差均较小。3）研究区植被地上生物量主要在280~1450 g·m^-2 分布，面积约为6973.82 km²，低水平地上生物量（ABG<65 g·m^-2）分布区域约占研究区总面积的15.02%。地上生物量由高到低依次为：农作物>乔木>灌木>草本。根据不同的植被类型，基于地物光谱特征构建的遥感估测模型可准确估算干旱区绿洲植被地上生物量，并对其空间分布特征进行遥感定量反演。     

低温胁迫对狗牙根生理及基因表达的影响

以耐寒性差异较大的杂交狗牙根品种运动百慕大、天堂419和普通狗牙根品种保定狗牙根为试验材料,分析了昼夜温度为适温(30 ℃/25 ℃)、亚适温(18 ℃/12 ℃)、冷害(8 ℃/4 ℃)和冻害(4 ℃/-4 ℃)4种温度处理下,低温对狗牙根生长速率和草坪质量、MDA含量、叶绿素荧光(F_v/F_m)、光合作用(P_n、G_s、C_i、T_r)、H₂O₂和O2·-含量、抗氧化酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)、抗氧化酶及耐寒相关基因(CBF1、COR、LEA)表达的影响。结果表明,随着温度的降低,狗牙根草坪质量、生长速率、F_v/F_m和光合作用显著下降,但在耐寒性强的运动百慕大中下降幅度较小;低温下叶片MDA和H₂O₂含量及O2·-产生速率显著升高,其中在耐寒性弱的保定狗牙根中升高程度更大;狗牙根叶片抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化酶基因的表达水平随着处理温度的下降而显著升高,其中在运动百慕大中更为明显;狗牙根CBF1、COR和LEA基因表达量随着温度的下降而显著升高,尤其是在耐寒狗牙根运动百慕大中更为显著。低温诱导的抗氧化酶和耐寒相关基因上调表达,增强了细胞内的抗氧化防御,有助于狗牙根植株维持较高的光合作用和细胞膜稳定性,延缓叶片的衰老,从而提高了狗牙根的抗寒能力。     

高寒草地生长季/非生长季植被盖度遥感反演

植被盖度是刻画陆地生态系统植被覆盖的重要生态参量。以当雄县Landsat-8OLI为数据源,从10种常用植被指数中筛选出适合反演高寒草地生长季/非生长季草地植被盖度的植被指数,引入像元三分法确定端元特征值,通过不同植被指数基于像元二分模型反演植被盖度的对比分析,确定适合生长季/非生长季植被盖度最优植被指数,根据反演结果分析了研究区草地生长季/非生长季植被盖度的时空变化特征。结果表明：1）由可见光-近红外波段构建的植被指数适用生长季植被盖度反演,由短波红外构建的植被指数适用于非生长季植被盖度反演。2）基于MSACRI的像元二分模型适合非生长季植被盖度反演,基于NDVI的像元二分模型则最适用于生长季植被盖度的反演。3）研究区草地植被盖度随海拔增加呈现先增加后减少的单峰变化格局,草地集中分布于海拔4300~5100 m处。生长季植被盖度主要集中于20%~80%,非生长季绝大部分的草地盖度小于40%。研究结果可为草地生态系统碳存储、植被生产力、土壤侵蚀、生态水文等研究提供参考依据。     

外源亚精胺调控草地早熟禾幼苗耐盐性的研究

盐胁迫严重危害草坪草的正常生长并且限制其大面积建植,尤其是对耐盐性相对较差的草地早熟禾。本试验以耐盐性不同的2个草地早熟禾品种‘兰肯(Kenblue)’和‘午夜(Midnight)’作为试验材料,采用MS培养基作为培养基质,以200 mmol/L的 NaCl为胁迫条件,施用浓度为1 mmol/L的外源亚精胺(Spd),研究了盐胁迫下外源亚精胺对草地早熟禾幼苗生长及其相关生理指标的影响。结果表明,外源Spd处理能够缓解盐胁迫对草地早熟禾根系和幼苗生长的抑制,提高APX、CAT、POD和SOD的活性以及脯氨酸的含量,减少体内活性氧H₂O₂和O2-·的积聚,降低MDA的含量和细胞膜透性,同时,外源Spd处理还可以加强离子营养平衡能力,降低细胞内Na⁺的含量,增加K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的含量,进而促进细胞内离子的区域化分布,稳定细胞膜结构。因此,从实验结果可以推断外源Spd处理可以提高草地早熟禾幼苗的耐盐性,这为降低盐胁迫对草坪草的伤害以及扩大建植草坪草提供了有利的理论基础。     

光强对马兰形态、生理及黄酮类化合物含量的影响

以马兰为实验材料,通过梯度遮光处理,研究不同光照强度(100%,62.29%和35.17%透光率)下不同处理时间对马兰形态、生理指标和黄酮类化合物的影响。结果显示,1)随着处理时间的延长,马兰节间长均呈增长趋势,但遮光抑制马兰的节间长度,尤其在透光率为62.29%时抑制更显著;在透光率为35.17%时能增强马兰的分枝能力,透光率为62.29%时作用不明显;遮光处理抑制了马兰的直立生长,在透光率为62.29%时对马兰株高产生显著抑制;在透光率为35.17%时更有利于马兰叶的长度、宽度和叶锯齿个数的增加,透光率为62.29%时作用不显著。2)透光率为35.17%时显著抑制叶片叶绿素a、b和叶绿素的总含量;随着处理时间的延长,O2-·含量呈先降后升再降的趋势,SOD活性和MDA含量呈先降后升的趋势,POD活性呈先升后降的趋势;随着光照强度的减弱,POD活性和MDA含量呈下降趋势,SOD活性呈先下降后升高趋势;在透光率为35.17%时CAT活性显著低于对照,抑制作用显著。3)随着光照强度的降低,黄酮含量在叶中呈下降趋势,根中呈上升趋势,透光率为62.29%时茎中含量最高,自然光照次之,透光率为35.17%时最低。     

狼毒斑块对狼毒型退化草地植被和土壤理化性质影响的研究

草地植物群落的物种组成变化影响草地土壤养分数量和分布格局,而土壤理化性质改变会加速原生植物被更适生于此土壤条件下的植物所代替。狼毒在退化草地中斑块状集群分布的格局可能会影响草地植物的群落结构和土壤养分循环过程。以退化草地中未防除狼毒和防除狼毒的狼毒斑块为研究对象,分析斑块内和斑块间草地植物群落的特征和土壤养分含量变化规律。结果表明: 1)未防除狼毒和防除狼毒斑块间的地上生物量、丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著低于未防除狼毒斑块内,而防除狼毒斑块内和斑块间的地上生物量和群落多样性指数差异不显著; 2)未防除狼毒斑块内土壤含水量、有机质含量、全氮含量、速效磷含量、铵态氮含量显著高于斑块间;同时,未防除狼毒斑块内土壤含水量、有机质含量、全氮含量显著高于防除狼毒斑块内,而防除狼毒斑块内土壤速效钾含量显著高于未防除狼毒斑块内。由此可见,狼毒斑块内土壤养分和水分含量比斑块间高,表现出明显的“肥岛”效应。针对狼毒型退化草地治理应严格控制草地载畜量并辅以防除狼毒、围封、施肥等草地改良措施,实现狼毒型退化草地的可持续利用。     

不同载畜率对短花针茅荒漠草原优势物种间关系及其空间分布特征的影响

为探究不同载畜率对荒漠草原群落建群种与优势物种间的关系及其空间分布的影响，于2020年7-9月在内蒙古四子王旗短花针茅荒漠草原进行野外调查，以建群种短花针茅及优势种无芒隐子草和冷蒿为研究对象，设置不放牧对照（CK）、轻度（LG）、中度（MG）和重度放牧（HG）载畜率水平（分别放牧0、4、8和12只羊），结合常规方法与地统计学方法分析建群种及优势种出现频率、多度、种间关系强度及空间分布特征。结果表明：1）与CK相比，LG下冷蒿出现频率仅在7月显著降低了50.55%（P<0.05），而MG和HG在7-9月均显著降低（P<0.05），7-9月平均降低77.76%和97.53%；而不同处理及月份下短花针茅和无芒隐子草出现频率无显著差异（P>0.05）。 2）与CK相比，各处理在7-9月时短花针茅种群多度均显著增加（P<0.05），LG、MG和HG分别在7-9月平均增加37.34%、75.72%和99.32%；冷蒿种群多度均显著降低（P<0.05），分别降低61.26%、66.32%和99.31%；无芒隐子草除LG在9月无显著变化外，各处理在7-9月时种群多度均显著增加（P<0.05）。3）短花针茅与无芒隐子草主要表现为亲和关系，而在9月时从CK的亲和关系转化为HG的竞争关系；短花针茅与冷蒿主要表现为竞争关系，放牧未改变其种间关系。4）短花针茅与无芒隐子草对冷蒿的作用强度较大，而冷蒿对短花针茅和无芒隐子草的作用强度较小。5）模拟9月物种间空间分布发现，CK中短花针茅种群多度随无芒隐子草种群多度增加而增加，随冷蒿种群多度增加而呈降低的趋势；HG中冷蒿种群多度不随短花针茅与无芒隐子草的变化而变化，但随着无芒隐子草种群多度增加，短花针茅种群多度整体上呈波动下降的趋势，表明短花针茅与无芒隐子草之间的关系由CK中的亲和关系转变为HG下的竞争关系。综上，放牧会改变物种的种群多度及物种间的关系。