广东省古树名木资源现状及保护利用探讨

广东省有着丰富的古树名木资源，通过对全省古树名木资源的普查统计，广东省的古树名木共有23179株，隶属于73科194属311种，有国家重点保护野生植物22种，珍稀濒危植物24种。文章还分析了古树名木的现状及其价值，并提出了保护措施及开发利用具体建议。     

江西古树资源要致力于多维开发

古树既是环境资源、文化资源也是经济资源，应该从种质资源、非木质产品生产资源、生态文化旅游资源等方面进行开发利用，江西古树应加大保护力度，开拓社区管理。     

济宁市古树名木资源状况与保护对策

古树名木是绿色文物，活的化石，是自然界和前人留给我们的无价之宝，是一个民族历史悠久和文化繁荣的象征。山东省济宁市是儒文化的发祥地，著名的孑L孟之乡，文物古迹众多，古树名木资源丰富。调查古树名木资源状况，开展保护研究，对于古树资源和文化遗产的保护与可持续发展具有重要意义。     

句容宝华山古树名木资源调查

对宝华山古树名木进行了资源调查，发现宝华山古树名木现存28种142株，其中百年以上古树占80％；40cm以上胸径古树名木占71％，15m以上树高古树名木占51％。     

莲都区古树名木现状与保护措施

采用全球卫星定位仪(GPS)实地定位，逐株、逐片每木检尺调查的方法，对丽水市莲都区的古树名木资源进行了首次全面系统的调查。在调查的基础上，就古树名木树种与数量、生长状况、分布情况和树龄与保护级别等进行了分析研究，建立了资源数据库，并提出了保护管理措施与建议。结果表明，莲都区现存古树名木1974株，隶属31科56属68种，其中一级古树名木64株，二级古树名木255株，三级古树名木1655株；树龄最大达1600a，胸径最大达458cm。     

湖南古树资源考察研究

湖南省林业厅自1981年至1997年组织了全省范围古树资源清查，目前已登记建档胸径1m或树龄300年以上古树名木共55科117属203种4550株。初步建立了古树资源计算机图文管理系统，研制了古树档案电脑光盘。湖南古树种类以枫香、香樟、银杏、杉木数量居多；地域分布以湘西北、湘西南最为丰富，湘中、湘东南次之，湖区最少，已有89个县（市）建立了古树名木档案，但挂牌保护的仅有少数几个县（市）及风景名胜区。因缺乏必要的养护措施，全省古树资源正以每年约400株的速度减少，建议湖南省各级人民政府早日出台古树保护法规。     

永顺县古树资源调查与评价

在对湖南省永顺县现有古树资源及其特征调查的基础上进行了综合分析和评价，结论是：现保存有古树共3408株，其中三级古树3052株，占89．6％；二级古树286株，占8．4％；一级古树70株，占2．1％；现有古树分属38科、70属、106种，其中国家级保护珍稀树种15科、18属、20种。古树中珍稀保护树种现生长较好的有黄心夜合（珍稀树种）古树32株，其中有树龄超过1000年的古树3株；珙桐古树（Ⅰ级保护植物）42株，其中有树龄在500年以上的古树1株；青钱柳古树（省级保护植物）7株，大叶榉古树（Ⅱ级保护植物）7株，青檀古树（Ⅲ级保护植物）6株；黄杉（国家Ⅱ级保护树种）古树群落2处，共有古树426株。古树资源分布广泛，且多为零星分布，少量以小片状或群落形式分布；古树主要分布在海拔300—600m的地段，其中大部分生长良好；古树资源开发利用潜力大，但保护现状不容乐观。     

什邡龙居寺古树名木资源及保护对策

古树名木作为一种重要的风景资源和珍贵稀有的植物资源，不仅具有极高的观赏价值，而且是研究植物区系的起源、演化和森林植被历史变迁的“活古董”以及古气候、古地理等方面的重要佐证。文章通过对有“龙居古刹”之称的什邡龙居寺古树名木的种类、数量的调查，探讨古树名木保护的重要意义，提出如何加强龙居寺古树名木保护的建议。     

德化县名木古树保护现状与对策

根据德化县名木古树资源的现状及特点，分析名木古树保护工作中存在的问题，提出保护名木古树的对策。     

湖南古树资源概况及保护对策

湖南省除以自然保护区、森林公园为主体的古树群落外，目前还有100年以上的散生古树102831株。根据全国古树名木普查建档技术规定，在散生古树中有一级古树989株，不到1％；二级古树5745株，占5．6％；三级古树96097株，占93．5％。作者介绍了湖南古树资源的种类及地域分布和保护价值，指出了保护古树中存在的主要问题，提出了保护古树的具体措施。     

A landscape and policy perspective on forest conversion: Long-tailed tit (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegithalos caudatus</Emphasis>) and the allocation of deciduous forests in southern Sweden

As resources allocated specifically for conservation are limited, there is a need to ensure conservation policy initiatives lead to effective conservation outcomes. In this study, we investigated the potential conservation benefits from alternative spatial allocations of old deciduous stands to a landscape dominated by coniferous production forests owned primarily by non-industrial private forest owners. As a target species, we used the long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus), a species associated with deciduous forests and known to be sensitive to isolation. We used a previously published model based on empirical data on the occurrence of this species, to assess the probability of occurrence of the bird in a 4,000 km² area in southern Sweden for which we possess detailed spatial GIS data (kNN data) of tree species composition and age. We assessed alternative scenarios where old deciduous forest was allocated with or without respect to distance from existing old deciduous forests. Due to the long-tailed tit’s habitat requirement increasing the amount of old deciduous forests close to existing habitats was the most effective strategy. However, the potential advantages of this strategy may in fact be overturned in favor of the other scenarios if ownership structures and probable uptake rates of policy initiatives are also considered. If a policy initiative is targeted toward owners with properties in close proximity to existing suitable habitat, when compared to if all forest owners are targeted, a higher proportion of owners is needed to participate in order to achieve the same degree of habitat creation for the species. Here, we discuss the potential benefits for effective conservation policy formulation from integrating spatially explicit datasets and detailed ecological knowledge with land-ownership structures and policy uptake scenarios.     

特呈岛红树林资源保护与利用研究

特呈岛的红树林资源,尤其是其中的白骨壤古树群,是我国珍稀的海岸自然资源,有重要的自然资源保护与利用价值。通过古树复壮、生长环境优化、园林规划与生态旅游等措施的实施,该红树林资源得到了有效保护,并已成为湛江生态旅游的新亮点;通过研究获得了白骨壤果实的初试产品“榄钱果”、“榄钱豆”,表明进行资源有效开发利用能取得资源保护与资源利用双赢的效果。     

杉木不同优良品种早期生长对比试验

通过对2年生杉木不同优良品种对比试验林连续2 a的调查分析,结果表明,试验林1年生时的成活率和2年生时的保存率分别为94.38%和93.67%,优良品种适应性强且品种间差异极显著;试验林生长良好,1年生时平均树高为0.78m,2年生时达到1.98 m,当年平均抽高达到1.20 m,不同优良品种在树高性状上差异极显著;杉木优良品种适应性和早期速生性具有一致性。除了2号无性系和3号无性系表现较差外,其他杉木优良品种均表现良好。     

北京市古树保护存在的问题及管理对策

简要阐述了北京市古树管理的现状,分析了存在的主要问题及产生这些问题的原因,提出了相应的管理对策。     

滇金丝猴栖息地植物多样性研究

采用路线调查与标准地调查相结合的方法,结合历史资料,对滇金丝猴栖息地的野生植物资源进行了实地野外调查研究,分析了植物多样性及其受威胁状况。结果表明:(1)栖息地具有丰富的植物物种多样性,有维管束植物217科789属3533种(含亚种、变种),其中,国家重点保护野生植物有117种;(2)该区植物区系成分具有复杂性、多样性,明显偏重于温带性质、且植物区系起源古老,有中国特有分布属90个,其中,古特有属59个;(3)该区具有丰富的植被类型,包括4个植被型组,10个植被型,47个群系,具有较高的保护和科研价值。同时针对栖息地植物多样性受威胁状况,提出了植被恢复、生态移民及社区共管是保护植物多样性的有效措施。     

Cost-effective strategies to conserve boreal forest biodiversity and long-term landscape-level maintenance of habitats

Setting aside parcels of land is the main conservation strategy to reduce the rate of biodiversity loss worldwide. Because funding for biological conservation is limited, it is important to distinguish the most efficient ways to use it. Here, we assess implications of alternative measures to conserve biodiversity in managed boreal forest landscapes. We calculated four alternative spatio-temporal scenarios and compared these to the current management regime over 100-year time period. In the alternative scenarios, a fixed amount of funding was invested in (1) permanent large reserves (each tens of ha in size), (2) permanent small reserves (each a few ha in size), (3) temporary small reserves (based on 10-year contracts with private land owners), and (4) green-tree retention (small groups of trees retained on clear-cuts). To assess biodiversity implications, we used habitat suitability indices to calculate overall habitat availability for five groups of red-listed and habitat-specific species associated with decaying spruce logs. The possibilities for timber harvests did not differ among the scenarios, but biodiversity performance was different. The scenarios with permanent reserves tended to outperform other scenarios, suggesting that conservation policies based on permanent reserves are the most cost-efficient in the long term. Results, however, varied among time scales and species groups. In the short term, a strategy of investment in temporary small reserves was the most efficient. Habitat for species associated with old spruce dead-wood and preferring shade was rare throughout all simulations, and therefore, it is likely that these species cannot be sustained in managed forests. Species that live on fresh dead-wood and are associated with forest edges coped well in all scenarios suggesting that such species will persist in managed landscapes without additional conservation efforts. Explicit definition of conservation objectives and time frames for conservation action are thus prerequisites for successful conservation planning.     

太行山阳坡樟子松的生长表现及发展前景

对太行山石灰岩区干旱阳坡引种了11a的樟子松的生长、开花结实及其对土壤的改良效果、水保效益进行了分析,结果表明,引种的樟子松比相同立地条件下同龄油松的树高平均提高了28.60%,地径平均提高了8.20%,林地持水量提高了23.9%。实践证明,樟子松是适宜在太行山阳坡生长的优良水土保持树种。     

南太白山区域农家乐发展状况及对策

南太白山（厚畛子）区域位于太白山、周至、老县城和黄柏塬4个自然保护区的地理合围中,生物多样性保护的意义极为重要。作为替代经济方式之一的农家乐经营,近年来在当地发展迅速,但发展过程中存在着定位不准确、档次低、规模小、政策不到位等问题,本文对该区域农家乐发展状况进行调查分析并提出相应的对策建议。     

湖南牡丹品种资源的调查

湖南牡丹属我国江南牡丹品种群。明清时期,先后形成湘西北以观赏牡丹为主和湘西南以药用牡丹为主的两个栽培中心。目前,全省约有21个牡丹品种,其中观赏牡丹品种12个,药用牡丹品种9个。湘西北的永顺县保存下来一批十分珍贵的古牡丹,长沙王陵公园建立了湖南首个本土牡丹专类园,为湖南牡丹品种资源的科学保护及开发利用创造了条件。     

Medium-term sap flux monitoring in a Scots pine stand: analysis of the operability of the heat dissipation method for hydrological purposes

The operability of Granier-type heat dissipation sap flow meters for the medium-term monitoring of Scots pine transpiration was tested. Three sensors that had been working for 3 years were duplicated by inserting new sensors in the same trees. The new sensors operated simultaneously with the old sensors for 18 months. Analysis of the temporal patterns of thermal dissipation of the sensors showed a slight, but significant decrease in all sensors, indicating the conservation of sapwood thermal properties. Although there was a high correlation between sap flux densities registered by the old and new sensors, significant differences in sap flux densities between the duplicated sensors were detected. Such differences could not be attributed to tissue injury around the sensors or to loss of sensitivity of the old sensors, because two of the old sensors registered higher flux rates than the new sensors. No instrumental error to explain the sap flux differences was found. Because the new sensors were installed at some angular distance from the old sap flow meters to avoid thermal interferences, it was inferred that the observed sap flux differences between duplicate sensors were the result of an azimuthal sap flow pattern.