外植体差异对植物组培苗无性快繁的影响

植物组培技术常用于植物的繁殖或再生,外植体的选择是影响植物组培能否成功的关键因素。本文分析了外植体的差异对植物组培快繁的影响,分析发现:外植体种类的不同会影响外植体的灭菌率、诱导率、褐化率、后期愈伤组织的生理状态等,外植体的年龄会影响植物组培实验的诱导效果。幼嫩的外植体污染程度较低,细胞活力好,成熟的外植体生命力较强,较能抵御消毒剂的伤害。外植体的细胞活力和污染程度因其采集的时间不同而不同,选择适合的时间采集外植体材料,对实验的消毒效果、诱愈率有一定的提高。外植体的大小可决定灭菌的效果和褐化率,而具体的大小需要根据外植体和植物的种类决定。     

核桃组织培养技术综述

分别对核桃和山核桃属植物的组织培养中外植体选择与消毒、外植体褐化问题、外植体的主要诱导技术及外植体成苗以后生根技术研究等进行综述，展望其发展前景。     

茎段外植体白化处理促进“皇家嘎拉”苹果不定芽再生

研究比较了来自正常和白化处理的皇家嘎拉（Royal Gala)苹果（Malus domestic Borkh)新梢节段外植体不定芽的离体再生，。结果表明，白化处理的新梢顶部第一节段外植体所产生的不定芽数比第二、第三、第四节段分别高2、8、73倍；白化新梢的外植体不定芽再生数目比同一部位正常新梢高7倍。培养基添加较低浓度的TDZ有利于不定芽再生，对白化外植体来说，1μmol/L比10μmol/L高2．5倍，非白化外植体则高7倍,平均每个外植体的不定芽再生数高达68．8个。白化第一节段外植体的不定芽再生能力比常用的叶片外植体高4倍，表明该类外植体可用于苹果的转基因和染色体组工程育种。     

不同外植体与激素组合对花魔芋组织培养效果的影响

以花魔芋的顶芽、侧芽、皮上芽孢、块茎作为外植体,研究不同类型外植体与激素组合对花魔芋组织培养效果的影响。结果表明,花魔芋组织培养效果对不同类型外植体表现出较强的选择性,顶芽最适宜作为花魔芋组织培养的外植体材料,其次分别为侧芽和皮上芽孢,而块茎不宜作为外植体使用。同时不同激素组合对花魔芋组织培养的效果亦有显著影响,6-BA和NAA的浓度均为1.0mg/L的培养基有利于魔芋愈伤组织的诱导培养。     

阿月浑子外植体褐变抑制方法

外植体褐变是阿月浑子组培的主要障碍之一。对阿月浑子外植体母树年龄、遮光、外植体枝条部位与采集季节、组培条件、添加剂以及多酚氧化酶活性等与外植体褐变的关系进行了研究,结果表明,阿月浑子外植体的褐变率夏季最高、秋季其次、春季最低,枝条中部最低,而枝条上端最高,1年生与7年生树褐变率差异不大,与母树是否遮光关系不明显,在培养基中添加抑制剂PVP能减轻褐变,而添加维生素C、Na2S2O3与活性碳的效果不显著,低光和低温对控制外植体褐变有显著效果,但从低温下转入常温后褐变率高于一直在常温下培养的,阿月浑子褐变率与多酚氧化酶活性关系不显著,可能主要决定于外植体多酚含量,但需要进一步实验数据支持。     

花叶良姜组培无菌体系的建立

以花叶良姜袋苗为试材,根茎腋芽为外植体,研究外植体预处理、灭菌消毒和外植体长度等因素对其无菌体系建立的影响。结果表明:实验室水培植株3d,根茎腋芽长3~5cm作外植体,用1.25‰HgCl_2灭菌消毒16min,花叶良姜外植体污染率24.2%,萌芽率72.7%,较有利于建立花叶良姜无菌体系。     

降低苹果梨组培过程中外植体褐化的研究

为克服苹果梨组织培养过程中外植体的褐变现象,提高试验材料的成活率,试验以苹果梨1 a生营养枝嫩梢为试材,通过不同培养基配方、不同药剂处理及水培处理,探讨降低苹果梨外植体褐变的影响因素.结果表明:1/3 MS培养基中的外植体成活率较高;液体培养基较固体培养基对降低外植体的褐变的效果好;水培处理可有效降低外植体的褐变率;生长季节取材,随外植体木质化程度的加深,随水培期的延长,外植体的褐变率呈现先降低后上升的趋势,水培4 d 处理的外植体成活率最高;最佳取材时期为盛花后期,将材料水培6 d,在1/3 MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L IBA 0.2 mg/L Vc 75 mg/L中获得83.3%的外植体成活率.     

核桃组织培养技术研究进展

本文对核桃组织培养中外植体的选择与消毒、外植体褐化问题、外植体主要诱导技术及外植体成苗后生根技术的研究等方面进行了较系统的论述，以期为核桃良种繁育提供借鉴。     

外植体类型及取材时期对花魔芋组织培养效果的影响

以花魔芋的顶芽、顶芽鳞片、侧芽、皮上芽孢、块茎作为外植体,研究不同类型外植体和不同取材时期对花魔芋组织培养效果的影响,以明确花魔芋组织培养的最佳外植体和取材时期。结果表明,不同外植体类型对魔芋组织培养效果有显著影响,顶芽的诱导率和出芽率显著高于其他外植体,死亡率、褐化率与污染率均显著低于块茎与顶芽磷片,顶芽为花魔芋组织培养的最佳外植体。不同时期取材对花魔芋组织培养效果亦有显著的影响,冬季取材的顶芽与顶芽磷片的污染率和褐化率均显著低于其他时期,膨大率和诱导率均显著高于其他取材时期,冬季为花魔芋组织培养最佳取材时期。     

卡那霉素对108杨不定芽诱导的影响

以108杨为试材,以茎段、叶柄、叶片3种外植体的高效不定芽诱导再生为基础,研究了不同梯度浓度卡那霉素(Km)对108杨不定芽诱导的影响。结果表明:茎段外植体对Km表现出较高的耐受性,叶柄和叶片外植体的敏感性高;在遗传转化过程中70mg/L的Km作为茎段外植体的临界筛选浓度较为合适;对于叶柄和叶片外植体,选择30mg/L的Km临界筛选浓度较为合适。     

蝴蝶兰叶外植体发生褐变超微细胞结构和酚类物质分布观察

观察蝴蝶兰叶外植体发生褐变后的细胞亚显微结构发现,细胞膜以及细胞壁扭曲变形甚至断裂,细胞壁降解严重,集聚大量黑色颗粒物质,细胞内出现黑色絮状物质,叶绿体结构破坏。Pauly试剂和亚硝酸钠溶液染色结果表明:褐变外植体存在有较多酚类物质,染色较深。以上结果说明,外植体在褐变过程中,细胞膜完整性被破坏,酚类含量增加促进褐变。     

Shoot tip culture in mango: Influence of medium,genotype, explant factors,season and decontamination treatments on phenolic exudation,explant survival and axenic culture establishment

Summary

Attempts to establish shoot tip culture in mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes ‘Alphonso’, ‘Totapuri’, ‘Banganapalli’ and ‘Arka Anmol’ indicated that the problems of phenolic exudation, medium discoloration and explant browning were interrelated and influenced by a number of factors including medium, genotype, explant, season and decontamination treatments. Less phenolic exudation and better explant survival were observed in ½MS medium than full MS and in semi-solid than in liquid medium. Among explant factors, age and shading of shoots, length, thickness and scaling injuries on explant and lower cut petioles coming in contact with medium were important, but not the age of tree and the number of leaves on the shoot. Use of charcoal was beneficial but other adsorbents, antioxidants, dark incubation and submerged culture were not advantageous. The effect of season was prominent with least phenolics, minimum microbial contamination, best explant survival and genotype dependent growth response in current season’s semimature shoots collected during June-August. Deep seated microbial contaminants could not be checked completely. A scheme for establishing in vitro culture is suggested.     

叶用莴苣离体培养和植株再生

 以叶用莴苣( Lactuca sativa L. ) 4 个栽培品种的子叶和真叶为材料进行诱导芽分化及生根成苗试验, 从中选出较理想的品种和培养基配方, 建立了我国叶用莴苣栽培品种的快速、高频离体植株再生体系。外植体分化频率可达100 % , 平均每外植体分化不定芽5. 6 个。3 d 苗龄的子叶分化效果最佳。从子叶外植体培养至形成完整小植株仅需30～35 d。     

Time-related effects of danazol treatment in experimentally induced endometriosis in the rat

AIM and METHODS: The purpose of the study was to characterize the time-related effect of Danazol therapy on endometriosis explant using the rat model. Endometriosis was induced in mature female rats. One group of treated animals as well as controls were sacrificed at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after treatment at which time the explant was evaluated. RESULTS:Explant volume was significantly reduced in all treatment groups, and the effect was more significant in animals treated for 4 weeks than those treated for only 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Danazol treatment can cause gradual regression of endometrial explant in a time-related manner.     

诱导黄瓜直接器官发生主要影响因素的研究

 对诱导黄瓜直接器官发生的主要因素进行了探讨。结果表明: 外植体类型、基因型及植物生长调节剂对再生频率均有显著影响。子叶节是最佳的外植体类型; ‘长春密刺’及‘龙杂黄七号’再生频率较高, 分别达到93. 2 %和92. 5 % , 前者每块外植体上的平均芽数(13. 2) 极显著高于后者(3. 1) ; 62BA 单独存在即可诱导产生丛生芽, 0. 5 mg/ mL 最佳。     

The effects of explant and cytokinin type on regeneration of Prunus microcarpa

We investigated in vitro regeneration ability of Prunus microcarpa subsp. tortusa using various explants (root, cotyledon and hypocotyl pieces) and cytokinins [benzyladenine (BA), meta-Topolin (mT) and thidiazuron (TDZ)]. Sectioned cotyledon, root and hypocotyl pieces of in vitro grown seedlings were cultured on Nas and Read Medium (NRM) containing BA (7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 or 17.5 μM), mT (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 or 12.5 μM) or TDZ (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 or 12.5 μM). As a measurement of morphogenetic reaction, the ratios of regenerating explants and the numbers of primary adventitious shoots per regenerating explant were analyzed. Cotyledon explants exhibited higher regeneration ratios than hypocotyl explants, and the root explants were inappropriate for regeneration. Both BA and mT were effective on shoot regeneration but higher regenerating explant ratios were obtained when BA was used. In comparison with BA and mT, the effect of TDZ on enhancing explant regeneration ability was insignificant. Mean number of adventitious shoot per regenerating explant was between 1 and 4, and regenerating explant ratios were between 0% and 77%. The practical appliacations of the results are discussed.     

杜鹃属常绿杜鹃组织培养的研究进展

常绿杜鹃树形优美,花色艳丽,具有较高的观赏价值和园林利用价值。但由于常绿杜鹃的繁殖困难,培育年限长,所以在市场上常常供不应求。随着植物组织培养技术的发展,近年来常绿杜鹃的组培快繁技术也有了一定的进展。现从常绿杜鹃组培快繁技术的外植体的选择、外植体的消毒方法、培养基的选择、不同激素对外植体的影响、增殖培养和生根培养以及生根苗移栽等方面作以综合性论述,以期为常绿杜鹃组培快繁技术提供借鉴。     

优化香蕉离体培养药物消毒技术的探讨

在香蕉离体培养过程中,进行了对外植体不经表面药物消毒与传统消毒的对比试验,结果表明:两种处理的外植体萌芽诱导率分别为77.30%和76.88%,污染率分别为22.70%和23.13%,差异不显著。由此认为,以香蕉吸芽作外植体在离体培养中所产生的污染与是否进行表面药物消毒关系不大。从而可以优化香蕉离体培养的操作程序。