盐度和水渍对红树植物银叶树幼苗生长的影响

采用盆栽试验,探讨盐度和水渍对2月龄红树植物银叶树生长的影响。结果表明,银叶树幼苗的耐盐临界值在25‰左右,低于25‰的中低盐度,有利于其幼苗的生长和生物量累积,而高于25‰的高盐度环境,将抑制甚至威胁银叶树幼苗的生存。盐度和水渍对银叶树幼苗生长有联合影响:水渍对于高盐度下的银叶树幼苗有快速致死的作用,而对中低盐度的幼苗并未有显著影响。研究结果表明:要避免将其幼苗种植在高盐度区域,并避免在较低潮位的海滩种植。     

栾树繁育技术

一、播种繁殖 1、种子采集及果实处理。栾树果实于10月中旬后逐渐成熟。选生长良好,干形通直,树冠开阔,果实饱满,处于壮龄期的优良单株作为采种母树,在果实显红褐色而蒴果尚未开裂时及肘采集。果实采集后去掉果皮、果梗,及时晾晒或摊开阴千,待蒴果开裂后,敲打脱粒,用筛选法净种后及时收藏。     

无花果

无花果属桑科隐花植物,是经济价值较高的果树之一,结果早,生长寿命长,能年年丰产。果实有春果、夏果和秋果三种,每年约有五个月的时间陆续不断地成熟新鲜果实供应市场需要。无花果营养丰富,鲜果和干果都受市场欢迎,其鲜果中含水分18.8％,蛋白质4.3％,脂肪0.3％,碳水化合物74.3％,灰分2.4％。干果中含糖达75％左右。     

氨基酸螯合液肥对榛子生长和产量影响的研究

通过对野生平榛和杂交榛子叶面喷施氨基酸螯合液肥，研究其对两种榛树生长和果实产量方面的影响，结果表明：喷施不同浓度的液肥对榛树生长和果实产量有不同程度的作用。喷肥的浓度在200～400倍液，榛树1年生枝条生长量比对照区增加15％以上，干果重增加10％以上，果实产量也较对照区有明显增长。     

凤庆县不同树龄核桃生长与产量的比较研究

为摸清凤庆县核桃产量及生长情况,根据县域不同树龄核桃分布情况,选择3个乡镇9个村委会,共45株不同树龄段的核桃标准树开展生长与产量测定。结果表明：4个树龄段核桃各生长指标均差异显著,随树龄的增长,核桃平均冠幅、基径和树高增长,树体架构不断扩大,以<15年核桃树体架构最小,平均冠幅8.12 m、基径13.92 cm、树高6.97 m,>71年树体架构最大,平均冠幅20.84m、基径115.4 cm、树高18.92 m。产量情况则除<15年和16～30年树龄段之间差异不显著外,其余树龄段之间均差异显著;30年以下产量最低,平均单株果实数736～747个、干果产量9.22～10.09 kg/株,31年～70年平均单株果实数4 715个、干果产量67.18 kg/株,>71年产量最高,平均单株果实数量9 045个、干果产量118.60 kg/株。相关性分析表明冠幅、地径、树高、单株果实数量和干果产量等指标间存在极显著正相关关系,随着树龄增长树体架构增大,产量得以提高。基于凤庆县大面积核桃尚未进入丰产稳产期的现状,应进一步加强抚育管理,实现核桃产量的提升。     

五味子育苗技术

五味子 ( Schisandra chinensis Bailey)为五味子科落叶藤本植物 ,具有很高的药用及经济价值 ,现将其人工育苗技术介绍如下。1　种子处理9月下旬当果实红色、较软时进行采种。将采集的果实 (鲜果或干果 )放在水中浸泡 ,搓洗 ,用清水淘出即可获得纯净种子。种子较坚硬 ,不易吸水     

文冠果育苗技术

1 播种育苗 1.1 种子的采集与调制 选生长健壮、抗逆性强的壮龄树做采种母树，当果皮由光滑、亮绿转为粗糙、黄褐色，全株有1／3果实开裂时即可采集，全株果实分2～3次采集。采下的果实及时摊放在通风处晾干，待果皮开裂后，用木棒敲击使种子脱出，风选后将种子阴干装袋备用。     

果子为何多为球形

如果您仔细观察便会发现，无论干果还是水果，无论大个果实还是小个果实，也无论是生长在任何地方，它们绝大多数都是球形的。这是怎么回事呢？ 其一，果实成熟后，如果没有人去摘，它便会自动落下。因为是球形，它落地后可借助惯力向前滚动一段距离，以繁衍后代。如果是其他形状，落地后就会都推积在树下，而无法繁衍后代了。其二，在体积相同的情况下，球体的表面积最小，蒸发量小，水分散失也就少，自然有利于果子的生长、发育和成熟。第三，球形的表面小而圆，多数害虫很难在果面上立足，因而也就减少了许多害虫发生的机率。其四，球形…     

白水江自然保护区植物果实类型组成及垂直分异

分析甘肃白水江国家级自然保护区1 943种野生被子植物果实类型组成及其沿海拔梯度的变化规律,结果表明:本区干果和肉果分别占65.67%和24.60%,在22种基本果实类型中,居前3位的分别为蒴果(26.56%)、瘦果(12.35%)和核果(12.20%);果实类型及其种数随海拔升高呈先增加后减少的趋势;随着海拔升高,干果比例上升,肉果比例下降并消失于3 800 m左右,其中蒴果比例在各海拔段均占据显著优势并呈上升趋势,瘦果和颖果比例先下降后上升,核果和浆果比例下降,梨果和翅果比例先上升后下降.聚类结果表明:海拔2 000m左右是基本果实类型种数分布的断点.果实类型垂直分异可能是伴随着相应海拔范围内水热条件及其组合特征的改变,以及果实传播方式的不同而产生的.在完善果实分类系统的前提下,可将果实类型的数量对比关系,作为反映某地区气候的生物标志之一.     

“一带一路”下精河县枸杞业发展的机遇与挑战

<正>精河县属于温带大陆性气候,夏季炎热干燥,热量充足,光照时间长,土壤含有轻度盐碱,极适合枸杞的生长。自1964年开始从宁夏引进枸杞,由于水土、气候适宜枸杞生长,种植规模不断扩大。精河县作为新疆枸杞最早的主栽区,独特的水土光热条件,使精河枸杞干果具有果实鲜红、粒大饱满、皮薄肉厚、含糖丰富和药用价值高等特点,素有"红玛瑙"之称。2016年精河枸杞总种植面积达1.05万hm~2,干果产量2.5     

Domestication potential of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp caffra)in South Africa and Namibia: 1. Phenotypic variation in fruit traits

Studies of tree-to-tree variation in fruit traits are a pre-requisite for cultivar development. Fruits were collected from each of 63 marula (Sclerocarya birrea) trees in Bushbuckridge, South Africa and from 55 trees from the North Central Region of Namibia. The South African trees were in farmers fields, communal land and natural woodland, at three sites: Acornhoek road, Allandale/Green Valley and Andover/Wits Rural Facility. The Namibian trees were all from farmers fields in three areas: North east, North west and West. The fruits were partitioned into skin and flesh/juice to examine the extent of the variation found in different components of marula fruits from different trees. Namibian fruits were significantly larger than those from South Africa (26.7 vs 20.1 g), due to their greater pulp mass (22.2 vs 16.2 g), especially the flesh/juice component. In South African fruits, those from farmers fields were significantly larger in all components (Fruit mass = 23.6 vs 19.3 and 18.0 g in natural woodland and communal land respectively). In Namibia, mean fruit mass did not differ significantly across sites (25.5 − 27.0 g). However, within each sample there was highly significant and continuous variation between trees in the pulp (S Africa = 7.5 − 31.3 g; Namibia = 8.3 − 36.0 g) and flesh/juice mass (S Africa = 2.2 − 7.6g; Namibia = 3.8 − 22. 6g), indicating the potential for selection of trees producing superior products. The fruits of the Namibian trees were compared with the fruits from one superior tree (‘Namibian Wonder) with a mean fruit mass of 69.9 g The percentage frequency distribution of fruit mass from trees in farmers fields in South Africa was skewed, while being bimodal in North east and North west populations from Namibia, suggesting that at these sites farmers are engaged in domestication through truncated selection of the best mother trees. It is concluded that there are trees in on-farm populations that have great potential to be propagated vegetatively as selected cultivars.     

Establishment of full-sib families in Shorea platyclados using paternity analysis: an alternative to controlled pollination

Full-sib families are produced from artificially controlled pollination in tree breeding. This mating design is, however, very costly and logistically difficult as most tree species are large in size. With the development of molecular markers, known relationships among the offspring could be established from the maximum likelihood in paternity analysis. In this study, we successfully established full-sib families on the basis of paternity analysis of offspring derived from two Shorea platyclados seed parents from the natural forest. A total of 2,049 and 970 offspring were collected from two mother trees M01 and M06, respectively. Potential pollen donors surrounding the mother trees were sampled, specifically a total of 77 adult trees within the 10-ha plot for M01 and 28 adult trees within the 4-ha plot for M06. For mother tree M01, parentage was assigned to 45.4% of the offspring at the 95% confidence level with 59 full-sib families established. For mother tree M06, parentage was assigned to 19.9% of the offspring at the 95% confidence level with 19 full-sib families established. The establishment of full-sib families in S. platyclados enables breeding in dipterocarp tree species, once a decade-long proposition, to become more efficient in a cost-saving manner.     

思茅松促萌及扦插试验

在宁洱县对高产脂思茅松进行采穗母株促萌及不同采穗母株年龄、不同扦插时间对穗条生根率的影响试验,结果表明,不同采穗母株最佳促萌效果是修剪时在母株上留枝长度2 cm;根外施尿精30 g/株,采穗母株穗条产量最高;随着采穗母株年龄增加,穗条生根率下降,1年生母株穗条扦插成活率最高,可达73.04％,4年生母株穗条扦插成活率仅24.13％;每年最适宜的扦插时间为10、11、12月,穗条生根率高达71.5％以上.     

思茅松促萌及扦插试验

在宁洱县对高产脂思茅松进行采穗母株促萌及不同采穗母株年龄、不同扦插时间对穗条生根率的影响试验,结果表明,不同采穗母株最佳促萌效果是修剪时在母株上留枝长度2 cm;根外施尿精30 g/株,采穗母株穗条产量最高;随着采穗母株年龄增加,穗条生根率下降,1年生母株穗条扦插成活率最高,可达73.04%,4年生母株穗条扦插成活率仅24.13%;每年最适宜的扦插时间为10、11、12月,穗条生根率高达71.5%以上。     

腾冲红花油茶果实成熟度及堆沤处理对油产量及其品质的影响

选择38个腾冲红花油茶优株,设置八成熟采果、近生理成熟采果与及时脱粒、堆沤12d后脱粒组合而成的4种果实采收脱粒处理,对其主要产量、品质指标进行测定和分析.结果表明:4种处理间产量、品质达极显著差异(P＜0.01);果实八成熟采收导致产量严重损失,其仁油率、籽油率、果油率分别降低11.9％、18.2％和31.7％,籽油酸价亦降低10.5％而利于储存;近生理成熟采收“堆沤”处理与及时脱粒比较,其仁油率降低4.5％,而籽油酸价则提高7.3％;因此,腾冲红花油茶果实宜在生理成熟时采收并及时脱粒.研究结果为确定腾冲红花油茶果实合适采收期和采后处理方式提供了技术依据.     

闽鄂山茶扦插繁殖技术研究

针对我国特有的珍稀濒危植物闽鄂山茶种子育苗困难的问题开展扦插繁殖研究,采取不同基质、不同扦插时间、不同年龄的母株穗条和ABT-1#不同浓度处理进行扦插对比。结果表明:不同基质、不同时间、母株年龄和生根粉浓度对闽鄂山茶扦插的成活率存在影响,其中以5月份在低年龄母树上采集的中下部穗条经300×10-6ABT-1#处理后在砻糠灰中扦插效果为最佳,42 d形成不定根,成活率达到93.5%。     

四川桤木嫩枝扦插育苗技术研究

研究表明 :桤木扦插育苗 ,穗条带顶芽或带 1片叶可显著提高穗条生根率 ,扦插时间则以 5月中旬～ 6月中旬和 9月上旬扦插生根率最高 ,GGR生根剂不同浓度处理后的穗条 (采穗母树 2 .5a生 )其生根率没有显著差异     

Impact of bark and foliage harvesting on fruit production of the multipurpose tree <Emphasis Type="Italic">Afzelia africana</Emphasis> in Burkina Faso (West Africa)

In sub-Saharan Africa, extraction for daily livelihood needs often results in uncontrolled exploitation of bark and leaves of valuable medicinal and fodder trees. However, overharvesting of bark and foliage can reduce fruit production and threaten reproduction. This study evaluates the impact of combined bark and foliage harvesting on the performance of fruit production of Afzelia africana in Burkina Faso. We compared fruit and seed production at different harvesting intensities. Data on fruit yields were collected by stratified random sampling of 91 trees with no, low, severe, and very severe harvesting intensities. The fruit production varied with harvesting intensity, tree size and number of branches. Fruit and seed quantity and quality decreased with increasing harvesting intensity. However, no significant difference was detected between trees without and trees under low harvesting. Trees of all size classes under very severe harvesting intensity had no fruits. Under low harvesting impact, large trees had twice as many fruits as the control, whereas fruits were reduced by half to 95 % for the small trees. High harvesting intensity is an unsustainable practice that should be completely prohibited in order to ensure longterm persistence of Afzelia africana. Low harvesting intensity should be allowed, but only on large reproductive individuals.     

Towards a DNA marker assisted seed source identification: a pilot study in European beech (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus sylvatica</Emphasis> L.)

The widespread European forest tree Fagus sylvatica L. is of great importance for forest management. However, information about seed dispersal is still very rare, though important for harvesting strategies and later on seed source identification. We refined a DNA fingerprinting method for beech nut shells in order to directly assign dispersed seeds to their mother trees. A pilot study was conducted in two beech stands in Germany where leaves of the adult trees and the exocarp of dispersed seeds were fingerprinted at six nSSR loci. While one stand was randomly analysed for adults and dispersed seeds the other was systematically investigated following common harvesting procedures. Imitating the typical net harvesting strategy, seeds were collected beneath 19 adult trees. Exocarp genotyping revealed that on average three different mother trees contributed to a sample of five or six seeds collected beneath a single adult tree. Of the identified mother trees most were located within a radius of 15 m from the sampling point. The repeated pattern of seed dispersal within a short distance constitutes the basis for a straightforward strategy for the assignment of seed lots to a seed source stand. This strategy is based on the matching of individual genotypes without the necessity for a full inventory of the putative source stand. Additionally, we provide allelic ladders of five nSSR loci for standardization among laboratories.     

赤松天然更新规律及人工促进更新技术的研究

本文对赤松天然更新的规律进行了调查，并对人工促进更新技术进行了研究。结果表明，赤松初果期为１２ａ，盛果期为５１ａ，公最大更新幅度为４０ｍ；更新幼苗幼树的７０％以上集中分布在距母树９ｍ或树高１．２倍以内。人工促进效果以拖拉机耙和人工耧地好；只要耧掉草皮，移栽７－８ａ幼树，３－４ａ就可达到更新指标；单位面积上培育母树的数量随时间长而减少。