高产抗病小麦新品种陕麦139

陕麦139（原代号远丰139）是西北农林科技大学农学院小麦所利用黑麦、八倍体小偃麦和野生二粒小麦创制的陕麦8003、陕麦8007、N9134等抗病种质与野生二粒小麦AS846和农艺亲本陕229、矮早丰、小偃22等采用复合杂交、阶梯式杂交、回交等方法，于1998年完成亲本组配，组配方式为：小偃22／6／[野生二粒小麦AS846／／（陕麦80031陕麦8007）F4/3／陕229／4／矮早丰]F3/5／N9134，经云南、青海加代于2003年选育而成的抗、耐多种病害的高产、优质面条小麦新品种。2006年11月通过陕西省农作物品种审定委员会审定．     

高抗小麦吸浆虫品种─晋麦31

高抗小麦吸浆虫品种─晋麦31晋麦31由山西省农业科学院小麦研究所,用陕6811作母本,临汾5610作父本杂交选育而成。1990年经山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定、定名。特征特性晋麦31是半冬性中熟品种。幼苗半匍匐,叶色深绿,长势健壮,分蘖力强,成穗率……     

抗黄矮病小麦新品系YW243的选育和细胞分子生物学鉴定

以小麦-中间偃麦草二体异附加系L1的衍生系PP9-1为黄矮病抗源, 从［(PP9-1/陕785 9 //丰抗8号)F1×(3×丰抗13号/Khapli)F4］杂交组合F2代花药培养再生植株中选育出 一个抗黄矮病小麦新品系YW243。 经黄矮病毒田间接种鉴定, 细胞学分析, GISH和RFLP分 子标记检测, 结果表明： 该系高抗黄矮病毒GPV、 GAV株系, 体细胞染色     

高蛋白小麦新品种铜麦4号

铜麦4号是陕西省铜川市印台区小麦育种中心选育的旱地小麦新品种。2002年2月通过陕西省农作物品种审定。由于蛋白质含量高,对黄矮病的抗性突出,因此深受黄矮病常发区农户的欢迎。     

旱地小麦品种铜麦6号及栽培技术

<正>铜麦6号是陕西省铜川市印台区农业技术推广中心以丰产、抗病的西农1043(Q104)为母本,以抗寒、抗旱、耐瘠薄、抗黄矮病的自选系R92(6)为父本,通过有性杂交,在当地旱作条件下选育而成的旱地小麦品种。2012年5月通过陕西省品种审定委员会的审定,审定编号:陕审麦201210号。1主要特征特性1.1农艺性状该品种属冬性、中熟旱地中筋小麦品种。幼苗平伏、分蘖力强、叶片深绿,株型紧凑,株行间     

冬小麦品种临抗1号丰产性浅析

临抗１号是由中国农科院作物所和山西农科院小麦所协作,利用抗黄矮病种质,采用杂交系谱法,经过严格的抗病性鉴定和产量鉴定选育而成的一个抗黄矮病旱地小麦新品种。该品种具有良好的抗冻、抗旱、抗倒及耐热性能,综合农艺性状好、适应性强、产量高。１９９６～１９９７...     

优质丰产小麦新品系——79668F_3-2

79668F_3-2系用普通小麦山前麦作母本,长穗偃麦草作父本进行属间远缘杂交,经多代选育而成。主要特点是品质优良、丰产性好。据1986年品质分析结果,该品系为甘肃省6个最好的品种(系)之一。其中有4项指标如籽粒粗蛋白含量(17.12%)、赖氨     

高产广适小麦新品种平安7号的选育及高产栽培技术

1品种来源及选育经过平安7号(原代号驻99021)由河南省驻马店市农业科学研究所小麦育种室经复合杂交多年选育而成。1994年以920111作母本,WS89-5422作父本进行杂交,组合为"驻94011"。1999年以F₅的驻94011-413作父本,漯麦4号作母本进行复合杂交,组     

航天诱变与Co~(60)辐照相结合选育国审小麦新品种豫丰11

为了创新小麦品种和探讨育种技术,本研究采用航天诱变和Co~(60)辐照相结合的育种方法选育小麦新品种。豫丰11是河南省科学院同位素研究所用矮抗58干种子经航天诱变筛选的SP_4代优异材料"豫同198"为母本,以高产亲本周麦18为父本杂交,同时F_0代采用250 Gy剂量~(60)Coγ-射线辐照处理后按系谱选育而成的半冬性中早熟小麦新品种。该品种于2018年通过国家审定,并已申报国家植物新品种权保护。豫丰11的成功选育,说明航天诱变和~(60)Coγ-射线辐照与传统杂交相结合是加快创制优异育种材料和培育小麦新品种的一种有效途径。     

八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交的细胞遗传学研究

本文研究了八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交的细胞遗传学,讨论了杂种中各类配子的传递规律和产生异附加系的方法。主要结果如下:(1)(八倍体小偃麦×普通小麦)F_2,具有46条染色体的杂种类型最多,占19.09%,具有43条染色体的单体附加类型为3.01%。(2)以杂种 F_1作母本和父本,分别与小麦进行回交,B_1F_1具有44条染色体的双单体附加最     

携带抗黄矮病基因染色体的分离

抗黄矮病小麦一中间堰麦草异附加系Z2 (2n=44)携带一对完整的中间僵麦草染色体,用Z2作母本与普通小麦品种中8601杂交,获得杂种F1(2n=43=21Ⅱ+1I)。利用激光显微切割技术将F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I及后期I的呈单价体的中间僵麦草染色体分离出来,经去蛋白、Sau3AI酶切后,进行PCR体外扩增。结果表明利用激光显微切割可分离     

Comparison of TAF46 and Zhong 5 resistances to barley yellow dwarf virus from Thinopyrum intermedium in wheat

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is one of the most important plant viruses in the world. Two sources of resistance to BYDV derived from Thinopyrum intermedium were compared in wheat backgrounds. A source of resistance was confirmed in the partial amphiploid TAF46, the group 7 addition line L1, and translocation TC14. The other source of resistance derives from the partial amphiploid Zhong 5 and is present in the group 2 addition line Z6. Six ditelosomic addition lines have been derived from Z6. The resistance of genotypes derived from Zhong 5 is more effective at reducing virus multiplication throughout plant growth than that of genotypes derived from TAF46. The translocation line TC14, derived from TAF46 showed 30% plants escaping virus infection whereas all plants derived from Zhong 5 were infected. This suggests that the two sources of resistance are associated with differing mechanisms of resistance. Methods to better understand the genetic control and the mechanisms of these two resistances are suggested. The pyramiding of different sources of resistance to construct durable resistance is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小麦抗病基因类似序列BRG1的分离与功能分析

利用cDNA-AFLP技术筛选到1个在抗黄矮病的小麦-中间偃麦草易位系YW642中特异表达的小麦抗病基因类似序列(BYDV resistance-related gene1, BRG1)的基因片段。利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)和RT-PCR技术,从YW642中分离出BRG1基因全长cDNA序列,获得了一个通读的抗病同源基因cDNA序列,编码由645个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,包含1个NB-ARC保守结构域和3个LRR结构域,该蛋白属于nucleotide-site binding, leucine-rich repeats (NBS-LRR)家族。荧光定量或半定量RT-PCR表达分析表明,BRG1在抗病小麦易位系YW642叶片中优势表达,受BYDV的诱导,BYDV接种后48 h表达量最高,BRG1在感病小麦亲本中8601中表达量始终较低,随BYDV接种时间延长呈轻微的下调趋势;而且外源激素水杨酸(SA)与茉莉酸(JA)处理可上调该基因在YW642中的表达。利用病毒介导的基因沉默技术分析了BRG1基因的功能,结果表明该基因沉默的抗病小麦易位系YW642中BYDV相对含量增加,但未造成抗病性表型显著改变,说明该基因参与抗黄矮病反应,但不是小麦抗黄矮病重要基因。     

Identification of wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium 2Ai-2 ditelosomic addition and substitution lines with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus

Among the regenerated plants derived from immature hybrid embryos of wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium disomic addition line Z6 × common wheat variety ‘Zhong8601’, a plant with a telocentric chromosome and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance was obtained. The telocentric chromosome paired with an entire Thinopyrum chromosome to form a heteromorphic bivalent at meiotic metaphase I. Genomic in situ hybridization showed that the telosome originated from Th. intermedium. Two ditelosomic additions and one disomic substitution were identified among the offspring of the plant. Two random amplified polymorphic DNA molecular markers were identified among 150 random primers used to detect the different arms of the alien chromosome. These might be useful for developing translocation lines with BYDV resistance.     

应用GISH与STS标记鉴定小麦-中间偃麦草抗黄矮病端体系

由大麦黄矮病毒引起的小麦黄矮病毒病是一个严重病害,至今在小麦属内还没有发现抗源。中间偃麦草2Ai-2染色体携带一个高抗黄矮病基因,对该基因的染色体臂定位将为制定抗病基因向小麦转移策略,筛选、开发特定的、与抗性连锁的分子标记的研究提供重要信息。本文对由小麦-中间偃麦草二体附加系Z6衍生的3个抗黄矮病端体系进行鉴定,通过分析端体的遗传构成、筛选与端体共分离的STS标记以确定端体在遗传上的染色体臂归属,从而明确BYDV抗病基因的染色体位置。以拟鹅冠草基因组[Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb.) Löve,St]DNA为探针,中国春基因组(Triticum aestivum L., ABD) DNA作封阻分别对抗病亲本Z6及抗病端体系N530的根尖体细胞染色体进行原位杂交,结果表明,N530体细胞中有2个端体显示出与Z6中外源染色体2Ai-2短臂相似, 而与长臂不同的杂交信号。以小麦第2同源群的5个RFLP探针的DNA序列为基础,设计了6对PCR引物,对小麦-中间偃麦草二体异附加系、二体代换系和端体系进行扩增,结果表明,基于短臂探针psr126,psr131序列设计的2对引物,可在含有2Ai-2染色体及端体的抗黄矮病材料中特异扩增,而基于长臂探针psr112序列设计的1对引物,可在含有2Ai-2染色体的抗黄矮病材料中特异扩增,但不能在端体系进行特异扩增,证明外源端体为2Ai-2染色体的短臂。本研究不仅将黄矮病抗性基因定位于2Ai-2染色体的短臂上, 而且由RFLP探针psr126、psr131和psr112序列转化的标记STS₁₂₆ (sequence tagged site) STS₁₃₁和STS₁₁₂还可分别作为追踪2Ai-2染色体短臂和长臂的分子标记,用于抗病易位系辅助选择。     

利用BSMV-VIGS技术快速分析小麦TNBL1基因的抗黄矮病功能

小麦黄矮病是由蚜虫介导的大麦黄矮病毒(Barley yellow dwarf virus, BYDV)侵染引起的小麦重要病害之一。利用cDNA-AFLP分析,筛选出在抗黄矮病小麦易位系YW642中特异表达的长度为292 bp的 cDNA片段,以此片段为启始序列,利用RACE和RT-PCR技术克隆出该基因的全长cDNA序列,推导该基因编码1个NBS-LRR蛋白,将其命名为TNBL1。本研究利用大麦条纹花叶病毒(BSMV)诱导的基因沉默(virus-inducing gene silencing, VIGS)技术,快速分析TNBL1是否参与小麦抗黄矮病反应。通过PCR添加酶切位点、定向酶切与连接,将TNBL1特异的292bp片段反向整合到BSMV-γ链的多克隆位点上,获得重组载体BSMV-γ: TNBL1as,体外转录BSMV-VIGS载体的3个组分(BSMV-TNBL1as、BSMV-α和BSMV-β),等量混合、摩擦接种到抗黄矮病的小麦易位系YW642幼苗叶片上,使YW642中TNBL1基因沉默,然后接种BYDV病原进行黄矮病抗性鉴定。结果表明,TNBL1基因沉默后的YW642对BYDV敏感、显现感病症状,其体内BYDV含量较未发生基因沉默的YW642中的明显增加,证明TNBL1基因是正向调控小麦抗BYDV反应的1个重要基因。     

Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids for resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus

Resistance to viruses such as wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV) is lacking in the primary gene pool of wheat, and therefore resistance is being introgressed from wild relatives such as Thinopyrum species. Resistance to BYDV was found in partial amphiploids (2n = 8x = 56, consisting of 42 wheat and14 alien chromosomes) obtained in hybrids between wheat and both Th. intermedium and Th.ponticum. GISH analysis revealed that the alien genomes of all but one resistant partial amphiploid were heterogeneous consisting of different ratios of St, J^s and J genome chromosomes obtained from theThinopyrum parent. Translocated chromosomes consisting of Robertsonian, interstitial and terminal translocations between the different genomes were also detected. The tissue blot immunoassay showed that partial amphiploids having resistance could be inoculated with the virus but both virus multiplication and spread were completely blocked. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Potential new genes for resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycosphaerella graminicola</Emphasis> identified in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lophopyrum elongatum</Emphasis> disomic substitution lines

Lophopyrum species carry many desirable agronomic traits, including disease resistance, which can be transferred to wheat by interspecific hybridization. To identify potentially new genes for disease and insect resistance carried by individual Lophopyrum chromosomes, 19 of 21 possible wheat cultivar Chinese Spring × Lophopyrum elongatum disomic substitution lines were tested for resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV), the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor, and the fungal pathogens Blumeria graminis and Mycosphaerella graminicola (asexual stage: Septoria tritici). Low resistance to BYDV occurred in some of the disomic substitution lines, but viral titers were significantly higher than those of two Lophopyrum species tested. This suggested that genes on more than one Lophopyrum chromosome are required for complete resistance to this virus. A potentially new gene for resistance to CYDV was detected on wheatgrass chromosome 3E. All of the substitution lines were susceptible to Mayetiola destructor and one strain of B. graminis. Disomic substitution lines containing wheatgrass chromosomes 1E and 6E were significantly more resistant to M. graminicola compared to Chinese Spring. Although neither chromosome by itself conferred resistance as high as that in the wheatgrass parent, they do appear to contain potentially new genes for resistance against this pathogen that could be useful for future plant-improvement programs.     

粘果山羊草在小麦改良中的初步应用

为了将粘果山羊草的优异农艺性状转移到小麦背景中,本研究用(粘果山羊草/中国春)杂交F1代与普通小麦亲本复交并自交,共获得了42个F4代单株及其衍生的42个F5代株系,并从主要农艺性状、细胞学和高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)等方面对这一批材料进行了研究。研究发现：1、上述F5代株系在形态上与普通小麦十分相似,部分株系的分蘖数和条锈病抗性有显著提高, 部分株系的千粒重表现出超亲现象,具有一定的育种利用价值;2、12个F4代植株的细胞学鉴定发现：7个单株的染色体数目与普通小麦不一致,其中1个单株还可能存在不稳定结构变异。这表明部分参试单株存在细胞学不稳定性现象,需要进一步自交纯合和鉴定;3、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测发现除1株变异株J7-4外,其余材料的HMW-GS组成均和普通小麦亲本一致,变异株的变异机理和它对品质的影响还有待进一步深入研究。本研究为小麦育种提供了一批优异的育种材料。     

小麦多基因聚合体YW243的改良与利用

YW243是兼抗白粉、黄矮、三锈5种病害的普通小麦新种质。将其与农艺性状优良的丰产品种进行回交转育，选育出丰产、抗病的小麦新品系CB031、CB032、CB034和CB035。对这些新品系与YW243及回交亲本的抗性、品质、丰产性进行鉴定、比较分析，并用分子标记解析它们抗病性的遗传基础及其决定品质的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成。结果表明，CB031是抗白粉病高产小麦新品系，至少含抗白粉病基因Pm2+6和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1, 7+9, 2+12；CB032和 CB034均为白粉病、条锈病免疫的小麦新品系，CB032至少含抗白粉病基因Pm2+Pm4+Pm21、抗条锈病基因YrX 4个基因和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基7+9, 2+12；CB034至少含Pm21基因和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基7+9, 5+10；CB035为免疫白粉病的优质小麦新品系，至少含Pm2+6+Pm21基因和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基7+8, 2+12。CB031、CB032、CB034和CB035的穗粒性状、千粒重和秆高等农艺性状均较YW243有所改善。YW243是一个优良性状易于遗传、不良性状易于改造的育种亲本，有良好的应用前景。