Field evaluation of the effect of in-feed doxycycline for the control of ileitis in weaned piglets

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of in-feed doxycycline (DOXY) on the control of ileitis in weaned piglets. On a farm with a previous history of ileitis outbreaks, 288 piglets at the age of weaning (25 +/- 2 days old) were divided into four experimental groups, each group comprising three pens with 24 piglets in each pen. Non-medicated animals served as negative control (NC) group, whereas groups DOXY-50, DOXY-125 and DOXY-250 received doxycycline via feed at 50, 125 and 250 ppm, respectively. Therapy lasted for 14 days followed by an observation period of 28 days. In conclusion, administration of doxycycline at a dose rate of 125 or 250 ppm had beneficial effect compared with the NC group. in terms of the reduction of diarrhoea prevalence, the enhancement of growth performance and the reduction of prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in the intestine, as shown either by the PCR method or by specific histopathological examinations. Treatment with 250 ppm of doxycycline for a fortnight interval post-weaning seems to be beneficial leading to better growth rates of piglets not only during treatment period, but also throughout the whole nursery phase.     

Field Evaluation of the Effect of In‐Feed Doxycycline for the Control of Ileitis in Weaned Piglets

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of in‐feed doxycycline (DOXY) on the control of ileitis in weaned piglets. On a farm with a previous history of ileitis outbreaks, 288 piglets at the age of weaning (25 ± 2 days old) were divided into four experimental groups, each group comprising three pens with 24 piglets in each pen. Non‐medicated animals served as negative control (NC) group, whereas groups DOXY‐50, DOXY‐125 and DOXY‐250 received doxycycline via feed at 50, 125 and 250 ppm, respectively. Therapy lasted for 14 days followed by an observation period of 28 days. In conclusion, administration of doxycycline at a dose rate of 125 or 250 ppm had beneficial effect compared with the NC group, in terms of the reduction of diarrhoea prevalence, the enhancement of growth performance and the reduction of prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in the intestine, as shown either by the PCR method or by specific histopathological examinations. Treatment with 250 ppm of doxycycline for a fortnight interval post‐weaning seems to be beneficial leading to better growth rates of piglets not only during treatment period, but also throughout the whole nursery phase.     

First experience on the effect of in-feed lincomycin for the control of proliferative enteropathy in growing pigs

This trial's aim was to evaluate the effect of in-feed lincomycin for the control of proliferative enteropathy (PE; also known as ileitis) in growing pigs, in which it is associated with significant morbidity levels. Investigation regarding the efficacy of this substance in growing pigs has never been carried out before in a field trial. The trial farm had a previous history of PE outbreaks. On day 1 of the trial (age of 62 +/- 1.5 days), 240 pigs were divided into two groups of 120 pigs/group which were allocated into five pens of 24 pigs each. Therefore, a randomized block design was used with two experimental groups (T1-T2) and five replicates (pens) per group. T1 group served as negative control (NC) animals which were receiving no medication and conversely T2 group received in-feed lincomycin at the dose of 110 mg/kg of feed. The treatment period lasted for 3 weeks, followed by an observation period of 4 weeks up to the age of 111 +/- 1.5 days which was the end of the grower stage. Administration of lincomycin at a dose of 110 mg/kg of feed had beneficial effects compared with the NC group. The pigs of T2 group showed significant improvement of their production parameters in terms of average daily body gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) not only during the treatment period (ADG: 0.515 +/- 0.050 versus 0.481 +/- 0.071 and FCR: 2.38 +/- 0.05 versus 2.56 +/- 0.08, for T2 and T1 groups respectively), but also during the remaining period until the end of the grower stage (observation period: ADG: 0.687 +/- 0.019 versus 0.646 +/- 0.044 and FCR: 2.58 +/- 0.02 versus 2.74 +/- 0.02 respectively). Other effects in the T2 group refer to the reduction of diarrhoea prevalence (mean pen diarrhoea score during the whole grower stage: 0.200 +/- 0.060 versus 0.632 +/- 0.041 respectively), morbidity rates (morbidity rates during the whole grower stage: 15.83% versus 45.00% respectively) and the reduction of Lawsonia intracellularis prevalence as shown by polymerase chain reaction diagnostic method (at the end of the treatment period: 10.0% versus 60.0% respectively). In conclusion, treatment with 110 mg lincomycin/kg of feed for 21 consecutive days had a beneficial effect on the control of PE in growing pigs.     

Supplementation of swine feed rations with zeolite during cage rearing

The effect of the addition of zeolite to pig feed ration was studied in the cage rearing system under production conditions. Zeolite was mixed in the COS I and COS II feed mixtures directly in the feed plant, the mixing ratio being 100 kg feed mixture + 5 kg zeolite. The feed mixture was administered in granular form ad libitum. The test group had 648 weanlings and the control group 674 weanlings; the piglets, kept in two-story cages in four sections, were arranged so that the test group could be a mirror-like reflection of the control group. The trial lasted 45 days. The piglets given the fortified feed ration had daily weight gains higher by 0.017 kg and feed consumption lower by 0.234 kg per 1 kg of gain, as compared with the control animals. The costs of the feed ration required for producing a kilogram of gain were 8.55 Cz. crowns in the zeolite group and 9.422 crowns in the control group.     

3-Acetyl-4'-isovaleryl tylosin for prevention of swine dysentery

The 21 field isolates of Treponema hyodysenteriae which were tested were sensitive to 3-acetyl-4'-isovaleryl tylosin (AIV); the minimal inhibitory concentration was 0.25 to 16 micrograms/ml. 3-Acetyl-4'-isovaleryl tylosin administered prophylactically to pigs at concentrations of 5 to 100 mg/kg of feed and tylosin at 110 mg/kg of feed for 28 or 31 days prevented swine dysentery induced by tylosin-sensitive T hyodysenteriae strain SQ2; 15 nonmedicated, inoculated control pigs had bloody diarrhea, and 9 pigs died. In 2 additional trials, AIV administered prophylactically for 28 days at 55 or 110 mg/kg of feed prevented swine dysentery induced by tylosin-insensitive T hyodysenteriae strain B204. All of the inoculated principal pigs medicated with AIV at 55 or 110 mg/kg of feed or carbadox at 55 mg/kg of feed and the noninoculated sentinel pigs for each group had solid feces throughout the 56-day trial. In the nonmedicated, inoculated control groups, bloody diarrhea began at 4 to 5 days after inoculation was done, and 9 of 10 principal pigs and 6 of 9 sentinel pigs had dysentery; 2 pigs died. In the groups medicated with AIV at 27.5 or 5.5 mg/kg of feed, all 5 principal pigs and 3 or 4 sentinel pigs in each group had dysentery; 3 or 4 pigs in each group died. In the group medicated with tylosin at 110 mg/kg of feed, 7 of 10 principal pigs and all 9 sentinel pigs had dysentery; 1 pig died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

茶树油制剂(颗粒剂)对保育猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在探究茶树油饲料添加剂(颗粒型)对保育猪生长性能的影响。试验动物选取小保育猪50头和大保育猪36头,小保育猪分为5组,每组10头,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组饲喂基础饲料中分别添加50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg茶树油的试验饲料。大保育猪分为6组,每组6头,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组饲喂基础饲料中分别添加500 mg/kg、1000 mg/kg、2000 mg/kg、4000 mg/kg、6000 mg/kg茶树油的试验饲料,试验期为60 d。结果表明,在小保育阶段,添加50 mg/kg茶树油饲料添加剂组在增重方面显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在大保育阶段,添加500 mg/kg茶树油添加剂组的试验组猪只增重最高,料重比最低;但是在大保育猪,添加茶树油添加剂的量达到6000 mg/kg时,料重比最高,并且显著低于对照组(P<0.05),说明在保育猪的不同阶段添加适量的茶树油饲料添加剂,可提高猪只的生长性能,降低料重比。     

Effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance of piglets from control sows or sows treated with L-carnitine during pregnancy and lactation

Previous studies showed that supplementation of sows' diets with L-carnitine increases body weights of their piglets at birth. This study was performed to investigate whether piglets of sows treated with L-carnitine differ in their growth potential from that of piglets of untreated control sows after weaning. It was also investigated whether supplementation of piglets' diets with L-carnitine improves their growth after weaning. In two trials, piglets of the first litters of primiparous sows (trial 1) and the second litters of the same sows (trial 2) were divided into four groups: group 1, piglets of control sows, fed a control diet; group 2, piglets of control sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg; group 3, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows, fed a control diet; group 4, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg. Mean initial body weights of the piglets of the four groups were identical. They were 8.5 kg in trial 1 and 12.5 kg in trial 2. Diets were fed ad libitum over a period of 35 days. Piglets from sows treated with L-carnitine did not differ in body weight gains, feed intake and gain : feed ratio from those of control sows. In trial 1, piglets supplemented with L-carnitine had higher body weight gains (p < 0.005) and showed a tendency towards a higher gain : feed ratio (p = 0.09) than piglets fed the control diets. In trial 2, no significant difference in these parameters emerged between piglets fed the diet supplemented with L-carnitine and those fed the control diet. In conclusion, this study shows that dietary L-carnitine treatment of sows does not improve the growth potential of their piglets after weaning under the conditions of equal initial body weights. The study also shows that L-carnitine supplementation of their diets improves the growth performance in light piglets of primiparous sows.     

氯化胆碱中三甲胺超标对断奶仔猪采食量的影响

在断奶仔猪日粮中添加三甲胺盐酸盐,探讨氯化胆碱中三甲胺超标对断奶仔猪采食量的影响。试验分为两组,对照日粮和试验日粮的氯化胆碱中三甲胺含量分别为220 mg/kg和22 g/kg,同时进行组内比较和组间比较2个试验。组间比较试验采用断奶后5～9 d的杜×(大.长)三元杂交仔猪90头,随机分为对照组及试验组,每组5个重复,每重复9头猪,每栏一个料槽,饲喂对照日粮或试验日粮,试验期8 d。试验结果表明,试验组平均日采食量明显低于对照组(291 g/头vs 382 g/头),其中第0～3天的日采食量差异显著(213 g/头vs 313 g/头,P<0.05)。组内比较试验采用断奶后4～13 d的杜×(大.长)三元杂交仔猪24头,随机分为6组,每组4头猪,每栏设两个料槽,同时饲喂对照日粮和试验日粮,试验期10 d。试验结果表明,仔猪对高三甲胺日粮的采食量明显低于对照日粮,在试验第5～10天和整个试验期日采食量均存在显著差异(202 g/头vs 305 g/头;179 g/头vs 287 g/头,P<0.05)。说明氯化胆碱中三甲胺严重超标对仔猪的采食量会产生不良影响。     

黄芪多糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为了分析黄芪多糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,选择28日龄的杜大长三元杂交断奶仔猪108头,公母各半,体重接近。随机分为4组,每组27头,每组3圈,每圈9头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中加入黄芪多糖200、500 mg/kg和1000 mg/kg,试验期28 d。结果表明:含黄芪多糖日粮对仔猪的日增重、营养物质消化率、料肉比及腹泻率均有所改善,添加组与对照组在腹泻率方面差异显著(P<0.05),其中以添加500mg/kg为宜。     

The effect of monensin against swine dysentery

The use of monensin sodium against naturally transmitted swine dysentery was evaluated in 4-week-old piglets, with an average weight of 8 kg, over a period of 112 days. Three treatments were compared using between two and four pens per treatment and 12 pigs per pen. Monensin was administered via the feed, either immediately post weaning to four pens of pigs (T1), or after 12 days (T2, two pens). The T1 group received monensin at the rate of 100 ppm (days 0-56), 50 ppm (days 57-84) and 25 ppm until the end of the trial. In the other group monensin was given at 100 ppm (days 12-84) and at 50 ppm (days 85-112). Unmedicated feed was given to two pens (T3). The continuous administration of monensin from weaning was effective in the control or prevention of swine dysentery. A significant (P less than 0.05) improvement, in comparison with the other two groups, was observed in terms of mortality, diarrhoea score, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There was a reduction in mortality, diarrhoea score/days and an improvement in growth performance parameters in pigs treated with monensin after the disease had been established, with ADG and FCR values significantly (P less than 0.05) different compared with the untreated controls.     

包被纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化酶活性及血清生化和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的包被纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化酶活性及血清生化和免疫指标的影响。试验选取21日龄平均体重为(5.29±0.02)kg的长×大二元杂交断奶仔猪180头,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,普通氧化锌组饲喂基础日粮+2 500 mg/kg普通氧化锌,包被纳米氧化锌组分别在基础日粮中添加250、500、750 mg/kg包被纳米氧化锌,正试期14 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加500 mg/kg包被纳米氧化锌能提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和日采食量(P<0.05),降低耗料增重比(P<0.05),且与普通氧化锌效果相当;与对照组相比,500 mg/kg包被纳米氧化锌组血清锌水平、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性和免疫球蛋白G含量升高(P<0.05),尿素氮和丙二醛含量降低(P<0.05),且均与普通氧化锌组差异不显著。结果表示,日粮中添加包被纳米氧化锌可显著促进仔猪生长,提高饲粮中蛋白质和锌的利用率,并能有效改善血清抗氧化酶活性,提高仔猪免疫力,且以日粮中添加500 mg/kg包被纳米氧化锌效果最佳,具有替代高剂量普通氧化锌的潜力。     

日粮中添加硒、碘对仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选择长白＊荣昌一代杂种仔猪，研究了基础日粮中添加0．1mg／kg、0．2mg／kg和0．3mg／kg的硒和碘对仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明，仔猪基础日粮中添加硒和碘显著提高了仔猪日增重，且0．3mg／kg处理效果最好。3种处理试验期60天每头仔猪仅饲料成本就分别节约8．25元、21．98元和39．50元。     

血红素铁对仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响

选取120头28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理组,即对照组和3个试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组、试验2组、试验3组分别饲喂基础日粮中血红素铁净添加量为27.5mg/kg、55.0mg/kg、85.0mg/kg的3种试验日粮,研究日粮中添加血红素铁对断奶仔猪的生长性能、血液指标(血红蛋白浓度、免疫球蛋白浓度)的影响。试验正试期14d。结果表明,血红素铁各添加量组均能够提高仔猪的生长性能,日粮中血红素铁添加量为55mg/kg时,仔猪平均日增重、饲料转化率较对照组分别提高12.02%和10.27%(P<0.05)。血红素铁对断奶仔猪有良好的促生长作用,也在一定程度上提高了仔猪血液中血红蛋白和IgG浓度。     

高铜对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清激素水平的影响

选用60头28日龄±2日龄“长大定”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成3组,每组20头。Ⅰ组(对照组)仔猪饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组仔猪在断奶后14d内饲喂基础日粮 250mg/kg铜(CuSO4.5H2O),然后再饲喂基础日粮;Ⅲ组仔猪饲喂基础日粮 250mg/kg铜(CuSO4.5H2O)。试验期为28d。所有实验猪均于断奶后0,7,14d和28d称重,计算采食量,观察断奶后腹泻情况。同时每组固定10头仔猪,于断奶后0,7,14d和28d,经前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清激素水平。结果表明,高铜日粮能显著提高断奶仔猪体重(AW)、平均日增重(ADG)和日采食量(ADFI),降低料重比(F/G)和断奶后腹泻率,显著提高断奶仔猪血清GHI、NS、T3和T4的水平。     

纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠黏膜屏障的影响

本文旨在研究纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠黏膜屏障的影响及其机理。选用96头平均体重为(5.7±0.2)kg的21日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,随机分成3组:1)对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;2)氧化锌组,饲喂在基础饲粮中添加3 000 mg/kg锌(氧化锌)的试验饲粮;3)纳米氧化锌组,饲喂在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg锌(纳米氧化锌)的试验饲粮。每组4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,试验期14 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,纳米氧化锌组断奶仔猪平均日增重提高了7.26%(P<0.05),腹泻率降低了70.82%(P<0.05),但与氧化锌组差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,纳米氧化锌组仔猪28和35日龄绒毛高度分别提高了12.64%和10.80%(P<0.05);28日龄隐窝深度降低了15.42%(P<0.05);28和35日龄绒毛高度/隐窝深度分别提高了33.61%和17.11%(P<0.05);28和35日龄血浆D-乳酸含量分别降低了28.97%和20.23%(P<0.05),二胺氧化酶活性分别降低了28.61%和24.92%(P<0.05)。氧化锌组和纳米氧化锌组之间各指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加300 mg/kg锌(纳米氧化锌)可提高平均日增重,降低腹泻率,改善肠黏膜形态,降低肠黏膜通透性,其效果与添加3 000 mg/kg锌(氧化锌)相当。     

Effect of enrofloxacin-Na against pathogens related to the respiratory and alimentary diseases in suckling and weanling piglets

A field trial was conducted to evaluate effect of enrofloxacin-Na against pathogens related to the respiratory and alimentary diseases in eighty suckling piglets (6-7 days old) and eighty weanling piglets (5-6 weeks old). Respective twenty of the suckling and weanling piglets were assigned to each of 4 experimental groups; control (non-treated), clinical injection dose (CID), 2x clinical injection dose (2CID). and premix. A 0.05 ml (2.5 mg) of enrofloxacin-Na injection (5% solution, 1 ml) per kg body weight of piglets as CID was injected intramuscularly for 3 days and the clinical signs were observed for 9 days. The premix (150 ppm) of enrofloxacin-Na was administered with feed for 7 days ad libitum and the clinical signs were observed for 13 days. The enrofloxacin-Na-treated piglets showed a higher increase in body weight and a lower feed per gain than the control piglets. In addition, the treatment of enrofloxacin-Na, regardless of the route of administration, decreased the incidence rate of diarrhea in suckling piglets and respiratory symptoms in weanling piglets. The isolation index of E. coli and Cl. perfringens during the treatment periods was also lowered by the enrofloxacin-Na treatment in both suckling and weanling piglets. The antibiotics was also evaluated as safe locally and whole bodily as treated by injection or feeding. These results indicate that the newly developed antibiotics, enrofloxacin-Na, is very useful for the prevention and therapy of swine diseases in the pig industry.     

日粮中不同铁和铜水平对仔猪生长发育的影响

研究了日粮中不同铁和铜水平对仔猪生长发育的影响。铁水平组采用单因子4水平处理方法,分为1个对照组和4个试验组,每组4头仔猪,试验期为28 d;铜水平组采用二因子有重复试验设计,按照性别、体重随机分成4组,每组20头仔猪,试验期为28 d。结果表明,60 mg/kg酵母铁组的促生长效果较好;以250mg/kg的剂量向断奶仔猪料中添加硫酸铜,可以提高仔猪采食量和日增重,改善饲料利用率;添加5 mg/kg赖氨酸铜的经济效益较好。     

不同复合诱食剂在仔猪教槽料和保育料中配合应用效果研究

本试验旨在研究香甜鲜复合诱食剂和香甜复合物诱食剂配合使用对仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、养分表观消化率及粪便微生物数量的影响。选取8窝7日龄的大白仔猪,随机分为2个组,每个组4个重复,2个组分别用基础教槽料(对照组)和添加2 kg/t香甜鲜复合诱食剂的试验教槽料进行教槽训练。21日龄断奶时饲喂3 d粥状料过度(采食量无统计)。然后,分别在2个组中选取28头体重相近、体况良好的24日龄仔猪,每个组4个重复,继续饲喂相应教槽料。仔猪37日龄时更换保育料,对照组仍为基础保育料,试验组在基础保育料基础上添加0.8 kg/t香甜复合诱食剂,直至试验结束。试验期59 d。结果表明:1)经过前期教槽训练,与对照组相比,教槽料中添加香甜鲜复合诱食剂能显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日采食量(P0.10),显著降低血清中胰高血糖素样肽-1的含量(P0.10)。2)在保育阶段,与对照组相比,保育料中添加香甜复合诱食剂能显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P0.10)。综合分析,2种复合诱食剂在仔猪教槽料和保育料中配合应用可以提高仔猪的生长性能,对粪便微生物菌群和养分表观消化率没有影响。     

纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫和生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同剂量的纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫和生化指标的影响。试验选用28日龄体重(9.37±0.48)kg"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪150头,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验1、2、3组在基础饲粮中分别添加150、300和450 mg/kg的纳米氧化锌;高锌组在基础饲粮中添加3 000 mg/kg的普通氧化锌。试验期为21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加纳米氧化锌显著提高了仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低了料重比和腹泻率(P0.05),其中以300和450 mg/kg剂量组的作用效果较佳,且与普通氧化锌效果相当;2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加纳米氧化锌和普通氧化锌能显著提高血清中免疫球蛋白A、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子α含量(P0.05),显著降低血清尿素氮含量(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加300或450mg/kg的纳米氧化锌能提高断奶仔猪的免疫机能,改善生长性能,降低腹泻率,具有替代普通氧化锌的潜在应用价值。     

Effects of alpha-tocopherol and selenium on pregnant sows and their piglets' immunity and performance

Four groups of 12 pregnant sows of the same genetic background, with similar litter size, living under the same housing conditions and having the same hygienic and nutritional standards, were used. In control animals (gC), a basic feed was provided, in which the dietary level of alpha-tocopherol was 20 mg/kg of feed and that of selenium (Se) was 0.45 mg/kg of feed (standard ration). Sows in the second group (gE) received basic feed supplemented with 30 mg alpha-tocopherol per kg (50 mg/kg of feed, in total). To those in the third group (gSe) basic feed was provided but additionally they were injected with 30 mg Se (sodium selenite) on days 30, 60 and 90 of pregnancy. For the sows in the fourth group (gESe), basic feed was supplemented with 30 mg alpha-tocopherol per kg. In addition they received 30 mg injectable Se (sodium selenite) on days 30, 60 and 90 of pregnancy. The experiment started on day 30 of pregnancy and lasted until weaning day (28 days post-farrowing). It was found that alpha-tocopherol and selenium act synergistically. Piglets born from sows in gESe had the highest immunoglobulin concentration level up to weaning day. All productive and clinical parameters (number of piglets born/litter, number of weaned piglets/litter, and piglets' average body weight at birth and on weaning day) were greater in these piglets in comparison with the animals of the other groups. Diarrhoea problems were minimal in the piglets in gESe.