Efficacy of Fertilization in Improving Soil Aggregation,Carbon and Nitrogen in Soil Reclaimed from Subsided Areas Caused by Coal Mining北大核心CSCD

【Objective】The objective of this paper is to present experimental results on efficacy of fertilization in improving aggregation and carbon and nitrogen accumulation in soil reclaimed from subsided areas caused by coal mining.【Method】The experiment was conducted under conventional irrigation with non-fertilization as the CK. We compared three treatments: applying organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizer. For each treatment, we measured the size of soil aggregates, and carbon and nitrogen content in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil in a coal mining-induced subsided area at Jincheng City in Shanxi Province.【Result】Compared to CK, organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of macro-aggregates sized >1 mm, and reduced the content of micro-aggregates sized < 0.25 mm. Inorganic fertilization enhanced formation of micro-aggregates, compared to organic fertilization. Applying organic fertilizer significantly increased the average weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the aggregates, and reduced the fractal dimension D of the aggregates. The content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in soil under organic fertilization was the highest, followed by organic-inorganic fertilization. The content of carbon and total nitrogen in soil with a single application of inorganic fertilizer was much lower than that under organic fertilization. Majority of organic carbon and total nitrogen were found in aggregates > 0.2 mm, 1～2 mm and 0.25～1 mm, especially under organic and organic-inorganic fertilization. The C∶N ratio in all aggregates (except those in 0.053～0.25 mm) was much lower under organic and organic-inorganic fertilization than under CK, and C∶N ratio in CK and inorganic fertilization was comparable.【Conclusion】Fertilizations, especially organic fertilizer, can enhance macro-aggregation in reclaimed soil from subsided areas induced by coal mining. It also increased the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the aggregates. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Irrigation Uniformity Affected by Spatial Arrangement of Sprinklers北大核心CSCD

【Objective】Irrigation uniformity is an important parameter in irrigation design. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally study the impact of spatial arrangement of sprinklers on irrigation uniformity.【Method】The FYRB471 sprinkler nozzles were used in the experiment, and the data collected from experiment under different water pressure and spatial arrangements of the sprinklers were used to calculate the Christiansen uniformity coefficient. We compared three spatial arrangements: triangle, square and hexagon. The irrigation-water depth curve under different pressure and arrangements was analyzed to calculate the irrigation uniformity.【Result】When water pressure remained constant, increasing sprinkler spacing scarified irrigation uniformity, while for a given sprinkler spacing, increasing water pressure benefited irrigation uniformity. There was no difference in irrigation uniformity between the three arrangements when the sprinkler spacing was <5.5 m, whereas when the spacing was >5.5 m, the irrigation of the triangle arrangement was most uniform.【Conclusion】Undesirable water pressure and sprinkler spacing could increase costing and jeopardize irrigation uniformity, and a rationale combination of sprinkler arrangement and water pressure is hence essential in designing sprinkler irrigation. From our experiment, spatially arranging the sprinklers in triangle with space between 5.5 m to 8.5 m and under water pressure between 200 kPa and 320 kPa appeared to be most efficient, increasing irrigation uniformity by more 80%. When the sprinkler spacing was less than 5.5 m, irrigation uniformity was almost same but the hexagon arrangement was preferred because it covered more area, thereby reducing cost compared to other two arrangements. © 2019 Journal of Irrigation and Drainage. All rights reserved.     

Spatiotemporal Changes in Hydro-chemistry of Groundwater in Irrigation District within the Kaidu River Basin北大核心CSCD

【Objective】This paper studied the spatiotemporal changes in hydro-chemical properties of groundwater in irrigation districts within the Kaidu River basin, as well as the factors that affect these changes.【Method】Groundwater samples were taken in January, March, July and September in 2017 from the irrigation area in the Kaidu river basin. Spatiotemporal change in hydro-chemical properties of the groundwater and its impacting factors were analyzed using statistics, spatial interpolation, and Piper and Gibbs diagram.【Result】①The groundwater quality was generally good, with low TDS and being dominated by HCO-3, Na+, Ca2+ and SO2-4. The mean TDS was high in winter and low in summer, and it was related to the depth of groundwater table. ② Na+, Ca2+ and SO2-4 varied erratically both in time and space. ③The hydro-chemical type of the groundwater in the studied area was HCO-3-SO2-4-Na+-Ca2+, and remained almost unchanged in the four seasons. ④The rock weathering appears to affect the hydro- chemical propertied of the groundwater most. The impact of human activities was mainly in spring, summer and autumn in the oasis and lakeside region, and it was stronger in irrigation season than in non-irrigation season.【Conclusion】Our results suggest that pumping groundwater for irrigation should be rationally managed and the associated change in chemical properties of the groundwater should be monitored; this applies not only to the studied sites but also to regions on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountain. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Using Biogas Slurry to Regulate Growth,Field and Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Tomato and Nitrogen Dynamics in Root Zone北大核心CSCD

【Objective】The physiological development of tomato is affected by a number of integrative abiotic and biotic factors and the purpose of this paper is to investigate how irrigation with biogas slurry alerts the yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse from autumn in 2017 to spring in 2018 by irrigating the tomato with a mixture of fresh water and biogas slurry at volumetric ratio of 1∶8, 1∶6 and 1∶4 at flowering stage and fruit-elongation stage respectively. In each treatment, we measured growth, yield, and fruit quality of the tomato, as well as the dynamics of total nitrogen in the root zone. 【Result】The tomato growth was positively related to the biogas slurry ratio at significant level, and the 1∶6 and 1∶4 ratio gave the highest total dry matter at the flowering stage and the fruit expansion stage respectively. The 1∶6 treatment gave the best return, and compared to CK (without biogas slurry), it increased the return by 12.93% in autumn and 12.31% in spring respectively. Irrigating with 1∶4 ratio at fruit elongation stage gave the highest yield, and compared to CK, it increased the yield by 26.59% in autumn and 27.71% in spring respectively. The 1∶4 treatment gave 4.32% increase in yield compared to chemical fertilizer application in spring. T5 and T6 treatments improved soluble sugar and solid, as well as and sugar-acid ratio, while T2 and T3 treatments increased titratable acid and vitamin C content.【Conclusion】Irrigation by mixing biogas slurry and freshwater at 1∶6 and 1∶4 volumetric ratio at flowering-fruiting stage and fruit expansion stage can considerably improve yield and quality of tomato. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Calculation of Irrigation Infiltration Recharge Coefficient and Analysis of Influencing Factors in the Lower Reaches of Aksu River北大核心CSCD

【Objective】In order to obtain the irrigation infiltration recharge coefficient in the lower reaches of Aksu river and improve the numerical simulation accuracy of groundwater in the study area,the influencing factors of the irrigation infiltration recharge coefficient in this area were analyzed. 【Method】In this paper,field sampling and indoor irrigation experiments were carried out by selecting representative points under different irrigation schemes,vadose zone thickness and soil structure in the lower Aksu area,and numerical simulation of vadose zone flow was carried out in combination with Hydrus-1d. Hydrus-1d model was used to calculate irrigation inflow under this soil structure by changing irrigation schemes and vadose zone thickness. Change of seepage recharge coefficient. On the basis of the calculation results of the model,the relationship between irrigation schedule,aeration zone thickness and irrigation infiltration recharge coefficient is analyzed firstly,and then the main factors affecting irrigation infiltration recharge coefficient in soil structure are analyzed with the method of model calculation and mathematical statistics. 【Result】The results showed that the irrigation infiltration recharge coefficient ranged from 0.320 to 0.474 under drip irrigation and from 0.408 to 0.561 under border irrigation. The irrigation infiltration recharge coefficient varied under different irrigation schemes,while the irrigation infiltration recharge coefficient decreased with the increase of aeration zone thickness. The main factors affecting irrigation infiltration recharge are soil permeability coefficient,soil bulk density and initial soil water content. 【Conclusion】According to indoor experiment combined with numerical model to calculate the irrigation infiltration coefficient under different irrigation system range, it is concluded that the influence factors of irrigation infiltration coefficient of irrigation system, the thickness of the vadose zone and reflects soil permeability coefficient of soil structure, soil quality and soil initial moisture content, volume for the downstream area irrigation infiltration coefficient selection in arid areas and provides the theory basis for further research. © 2019 Journal of Irrigation and Drainage. All rights reserved.     

Effect of water and fertilizer coupling optimization test on water use efficiency of rice in black soil regions

How to improve the water use efficiency of rice in black soil regions was studied. The black soil region in paddy fields was chosen as the research object. The research showed the fertilizer coupling mathematical model with N,P,K, irrigation water (W) and water use efficiency(WUE), which was set up under the condition of controlled irrigation with quadratic D-416 optimized saturation design. The results showed that the decending order of single factor′s influence on the WUE was N,K,P,W. All the interactions between N＆P, N＆K, N＆W, K＆P, P＆W and K＆W on the WUE were raised initially, and when they reached a certain value, it began to decline. The decending order of each interaction on the WUE was K＆P,K＆W,N＆K,N＆P,P＆W,N＆W. When the WUE was targeted within 18-25 kg／km3, an optimized proportion plan was obtained in the 95％ confidence interval, i.e. N 8776-10332 kg／hm2,K2O 5237-6653 kg／hm2 and P2O5 3680-4671 kg／hm2. Furthermore, the late tillering of the soil moisture content was 7007％-7257％ of the saturated moisture content.     

Experimental Study of the Suitable N-fertilizer Amount for Corn under Drip Irrigation in Aeolian Sandy Soil北大核心CSCD

【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to determine the suitable N-fertilizer amount for corn under drip Irrigation in Aeolian sandy soil. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field, and the amount of water and N-fertilizer were selected as experiment factors. Two levels of water amount (high and low) and three levels of N-fertilizer dosage (high, middle and low) were scheduled and thus six treatments were carried out. Effects of treatments on the growth and yield of corn were studied. 【Result】The results showed that, under low watering condition, increasing N-fertilizer amount was good for plant growth and had higher plant height and larger leaf area index, while under high watering condition, the positive effects were limited. Under both water condition, the fresh and dry weight of over ground part increased as N-fertilizer application increased, while its water contend, stem diameter and SPAD litter varied. Besides, higher N-fertilizer amount was beneficial to get longer ear, larger diameter, and more seeds, also was likely to got higher yield. The yield of high N-fertilizer amount under low and high watering condition were 13.0 and 13.7 t/hm2 respectively, 20.4% and 17.1% higher than the yield of low N-fertilizer amount treatments. 【Conclusion】In Aeolian sandy soil, higher N-fertilizer amount would be conducive plant growth and yield, especially when irrigation water was limited. Therefore, according to the experiment, N-fertilizer amount of 300 kg/hm2 was recommended in Aeolian sandy soil of northwest Liaoning. © 2019 Journal of Irrigation and Drainage. All rights reserved.     

Ammonia Volatilization from Pit Wall under Different N Top-addressing from Water Storage Irrigation Pit in Apple Orchard北大核心CSCD

【Objective】Water storage pit is a common technology to bank precipitation for irrigation in arid region. In this paper, we studied ammonia volatilization from the wall of the pits under different N top-addressing in an apple orchard.【Method】We compared seven nitrogen top-addressing in the experiment: topdressing 600, 300 and 0 kg/hm2 at anthesis stage and fruit enlargement stage respectively. The ammonia volatilization from the wall of the water storage pit was measured using glycerophosphate-ventilation. We analyzed the dependence of ammonia volatilization on soil ammonium, soil nitrate, soil temperature, air temperature and humidity respectively.【Result】Ammonia volatilization increased with the topdressing amount after irrigation and fertilization. Top-addressing after anthesis stage could prolong ammonia volatilization for a significant period with a peak within 52.93 to 576.80 mg/(m2·d) occurring 3~5 days after the top-addressing. Top-addressing during fruit enlargement stage resulted in a short period of ammonia volatilization with a peak within 81.11 to 1 047.79 mg/(m2·d) occurring two days after the top-dressing. The accumulated ammonia volatilization (calculated by N) after one-off topdressing after anthesis stage and fruit expansion stage was 3 332.88~7 052.01 mg and 2 178.14~5 126.97 mg respectively. Compared to one-off topdressing, two top-addressing reduced ammonia volatilization to 2 013.21~ 4 642.11 mg, 34.17%~39.60% lower than that under one-off topdressing after the anthesis stage. Ammonia volatilization from the water storage pit wall accounted for 0.57%~1.40% of nitrogen loss, being the highest under one-off topdressing at anthesis stage followed by one-off topdressing at fruit expansion stage. Ammonia volatilization was positively correlated with soil ammonium and air temperature (P<0.05). Soil temperature and nitrate also played a role in ammonia volatilization. Rise in air humidity and rainfall after fertilization can reduce ammonia volatilization, and the dynamical change in accumulated ammonia volatilization can be well described by the Elovich dynamic equation, in which the rate constant parameter was positively correlated to the amount of top-addressing nitrogen and negatively correlated to soil temperature, both at significant level.【Conclusion】Ammonia volatilization from water storage pit wall can be controlled by managing the amount of fertilizer application and time at which the fertilizer was applied. Our results suggested that reducing the top-addressing amounts and top-addressing twice can effectively reduce nitrogen loss via ammonia volatilization. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Retrieving Soil Moisture Using Spectral Mixture Analysis of Landsat8 and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer北大核心CSCD

【Objective】Soil moisture plays a critical role in many hydrological and ecological processes and understanding its spatiotemporal changes is imperative to ecosystem management and irrigation design. This paper presents and tests a method to estimate soil moisture distribution using satellite technologies.【Method】We took Guangli Irrigation District at Jiaozuo in Henan Province as our study area. The Landsat-8 and MODIS imageries from the area were used to retrieve soil moisture with the apparent thermal inertia and vegetation water supply index, respectively. Using the abundance of vegetation and soil moisture decomposed by the spectral mixture analysis as weighting factors, we retrieved the soil moisture distribution in the area using the two methods.【Result】The correlation coefficient between the measured soil moisture and the retrieved using the vegetation water supply index method and the apparent thermal inertia method was 0.47 and 0.51 respectively. We found that combining the two methods could improve the correlation coefficient between the measured and retrieved soil moisture to 0.73. 【Conclusion】Our results showed that the proposed method is reliable and can adequately estimate soil moisture in irrigation district grown with a diverse of crops. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Evaluation and Driving Force of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Dianchi Basin北大核心CSCD

【Objective】The purpose of this paper to explore the coordination relationship between the water resources carrying capacity of the Dianchi Lake Basin and the socio-economic development and environment of the basin. 【Method】Select the water resources, social economy and environment-related indicators to construct a comprehensive evaluation model for the water resources carrying capacity of the Dianchi Lake Basin. The trend of pressure index, bearing capacity index, coordination index and water resources carrying capacity index of the basin from 2011 to 2015 was calculated and analyzed. The factor analysis method was used to further evaluate the water resources carrying capacity of the basin, and the main factors extracted were used. The driving force model of water resources carrying capacity was constructed to identify the main driving forces that affect the water resources carrying capacity of the Dianchi Lake Basin. 【Result】The water resources carrying capacity index of Dianchi Lake Basin showed an upward trend from 2011 to 2015; The main driving forces of water resources carrying capacity in Dianchi Basin were human activity factors and natural factors, including urbanization rate, economic development factors and annual average temperature and annual. Precipitation. GDP per capita and annual precipitation wrer positive drivers, and urbanization rates and annual average temperatures are negative drivers. 【Conclusion】Based on the sustainable development of social economy and the coordinated development of water resources system, the construction of water transfer project from the outer basin to Dianchi Lake Basin should be increased to form a multi-water source combined water transfer pattern, and the population quantity should be controlled on the basis of ensuring vigorous economic development. Establish a sound water resource efficient allocation and unified scheduling scheme for multi-source water supply in the basin water resources system. © 2019 Office of Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.     

滚筒式堆肥反应器通风搅拌系统设计与试验

针对有机废弃物堆肥过程中物料溶氧效率低导致的堆体起温速率慢、发酵不彻底等问题,设计了一种高效堆肥通风搅拌系统,该系统由分段式通风系统和组合式搅拌装置构成,通过对两个主要装置进行理论设计和DEM-FEM耦合仿真,〖JP3〗实现堆肥通风和搅拌工艺优化。结果显示,通风系统中的最大应力出现在通风管上,为13.064MPa,最大形变量为0.038126mm,搅拌装置中最大应力出现在抄板上,为190.31MPa,最大形变量为0.34417mm,符合设计要求。在此基础上,以食物垃圾和梧桐叶为原料,进行为期14d的堆肥试验,监测堆肥过程中关键参数变化并测定发酵产物相关指标,完成通风搅拌系统性能验证试验。试验结果表明：使用该通风搅拌系统的滚筒式堆肥反应器,其内部堆体温度在3d时达到53.34℃,堆肥过程中堆体最高温度可达69.56℃,堆体高温期（大于50℃）可持续6d以上;试验结束后其产物含水率降至27.21%、pH值升至8.4、种子发芽指数最高可达131.4%,符合有机肥料测定标准(NY/T 525—2021),滚筒反应器运行成本仅65.51元/t。     

ZF552型有机肥翻抛机电气系统的设计

农业机械由机械化向电气自动化和智能化发展,已成为国际农业机械发展的新方向。ZF552有机肥翻抛机采用先进的电气自动化控制手段,极大地提升了我国有机肥翻抛机的自动化水平。通过发动机带动液压泵,给整机提供液压动力,滚筒马达带动翻抛滚筒转动,行走马达带动履带行走,收料板、翻抛滚筒和后尾罩通过液压油缸实现位置移动;整机采用Micropanel-30s控制器控制发动机启动过程,采集并显示发动机的供油、启动、运行、转速、电压、水温、机油压力和液压油温等数据,整机具有预报警和报警功能,以保护发动机和液压元件。     

保护性耕作模式对黑土有机碳含量和密度的影响

以公主岭市长期（10 a）保护性耕作定位试验为研究对象，分析与传统耕作模式相比的几种保护性耕作模式对黑土固碳效应的影响。共设4种耕作模式，即秋翻秋耙匀垄、秋灭茬匀垄、全面旋耕深松和宽窄行交替休闲（又叫松带、苗带交替休闲）（后3种视为保护性耕作）。结果表明，经过10 a的耕作试验，不同的耕作模式对土壤有机碳有显著的影响。表层0～20 cm秋翻秋耙匀垄和秋灭茬匀垄模式的土壤有机碳含量最低，深层30～50 cm全面旋耕深松模式的土壤有机碳质量分数显著低于其他耕作模式13.49%～25.14%；0～50 cm耕层     

对绿色农业经济发展系统要素合理配置的建议

世界农业发展出现许多问题,石油农业遇到不可克服的弊端。以十七大加强能源和生态环境保护,增强可持续发展能力……为目标,适合于发展中国家的替代农业—绿色农业提出以后落实不够,绿色农业的发展要使经济效益、生态效益、社会效益达到协调统一为出发点,对绿色农业经济发展系统要素功能进行介绍,提出对绿色农业经济发展系统要素合理配置的建议,促进绿色农业经济发展系统健康、持续和快速地发展。     

稻田垄作免耕对土壤团聚体和有机质的影响

该文以1990年建立的耕作制定位试验田紫色水稻土为研究对象,分析了冬水田（FPF）、水旱轮作（CR）和垄作免耕（RNT）3种耕作方式对土壤团聚体组成和有机质的影响。结果表明,垄作免耕减少了对土壤大团聚体的破坏,在0～10 cm土层,垄作免耕大团聚体含量分别是冬水田和水旱轮作的1.48和1.32倍,微团聚体含量则显著降低;在 ＞10～20 cm土层有相同的趋势。3种耕作条件下,有机碳和氮在团聚体中的分布模式类似,均有向大团聚体富集的趋势,但垄作免耕条件下土壤有机碳和氮质量分数显著高于冬水田和水旱轮作。对土壤颗粒有机质（POM）的分析结果表明,垄作免耕0～10 cm土层轻质组分（LF）的质量分数（1.92 g/kg）与水旱轮作（1.70 g/kg）差异不显著,但显著高于冬水田（1.42 g/kg）。冬水田、水旱轮作和垄作免耕的0～10 cm土层,团聚体内总颗粒有机质（total iPOM）质量分数分别为0.96,1.12,2.14 g/kg;垄作免耕土壤团聚体内细颗粒有机质（fine iPOM）分别为冬水田和水旱轮作土壤的3.02和2.46倍,占总POM差异的57%和66%。垄作免耕土壤团聚体内粗颗粒有机质（coarse iPOM）分别为冬水田和水旱轮作土壤的1.56和1.40倍,占总POM差异的18%和19%。在＞10～20 cm土层有相似的趋势,但在＞10～20 cm层土壤粗iPOM的差异对总POM差异的贡献较0～10 cm层大。垄作免耕减少了对大团聚体的破坏并促进微团聚体向大团聚体团聚;降低了团聚体的周转速率,促进了细iPOM的固定,利于紫色水稻土对碳的固定和积累。     

基于RS和GIS的松辽平原黑土信息提取

为保护黑土资源并使其可持续利用,基于ASTER数据采用多元逐步回归方法估算了黑土有机质含量,利用决策二叉树方法和DEM数据等提取了黑土信息。结果表明：基于ASTER数据可快速有效地提取黑土信息;当土壤有机质质量分数低于2%时,估算有机质的模型精度受到土壤反射特性的制约而误差较大;在GIS支持下充分利用辅助信息可提高黑土的提取精度,使提取的黑土信息更准确可靠;根据研究得到松辽平原黑土带北起黑河市,南至昌图县,现有黑土总面积51 360.15 km2,其中黑龙江、吉林、辽宁省的黑土面积依次递减,分别是35 3     

养殖废水灌溉对玉米地土壤水溶性碳及其剖面分布的影响

为了研究养殖废水灌溉对土壤水溶性碳量及其占总有机碳量比例的剖面分布的影响,设置水质和灌溉量处理,测定了玉米地土壤总有机碳和水溶性碳量,分析了水溶性碳占总有机碳比例及其剖面分布特征。结果表明,总有机碳及水溶性碳量在土壤表层较高,且随着土层加深均有所减少。养殖废水灌溉条件下的土壤总有机碳和水溶性碳量总体上比清水灌溉处理的高,这说明在一定范围内养殖废水灌溉更有利于土壤中有机碳量的增加。清水灌溉条件下,灌水量为640 m~3/hm~2时土壤总有机碳量最高;灌水量为760 m~3/hm~2时水溶性碳量最高。养殖废水灌溉条件下,灌水量为880 m~3/hm~2时土壤总有机碳和水溶性碳量均为最高。由于土壤中的总有机碳在土壤深层分布较少,且随土层加深土壤总有机碳量下降幅度减小,水溶性碳占总有机碳的比例随土层深度加深而逐步增加。养殖废水灌溉有利于土壤总有机碳、水溶性碳量的增加,并可促进二者在土壤表层的积累。     

基于多传感器人工嗅觉系统的土壤有机质含量检测方法

为了实现对土壤有机质含量的快速、方便、准确测量,本文提出了一种基于多传感器人工嗅觉系统的土壤有机质含量检测方法。选取10个不同型号的氧化物半导体式气体传感器组成传感器阵列,并采用不同浓度的硫化氢、氨气和甲烷等标准气体对传感器阵列进行了响应测试,从响应曲线可以看出,传感器阵列对不同浓度、种类的标准气体皆有响应且响应结果不同,随着标准气体浓度的增大传感器阵列的响应曲线也随之上升,表明传感器阵列具有较高的特异性和一定的交叉敏感性。提取每个传感器土壤气体响应曲线上的响应面积、最大值、平均微分系数、方差、平均值和最大梯度6个特征构建人工嗅觉特征空间。采用偏最小二乘法回归（PLSR）、支持向量机回归（SVR）和BP神经网络（BPNN）算法建立人工嗅觉特征空间与土壤有机质含量关系的预测模型,使用决定系数（R2）、均方根误差（RMSE）和绝对平均误差（MAE）评估预测模型的性能。试验结果表明,PLSR、BPNN、SVR测试集的R2分别为0.80878、0.87179和0.91957,RMSE分别为3.6784、3.1614、2.4254g/kg,MAE分别为3.1079、2.4154、2.1389g/kg。SVR算法建立的模型R2最高,RMSE、MAE最小,比PLSR、BPNN具有更好的预测性能,可用于土壤有机质含量的测量。     

秸秆源栽培基质技术及设备的研究

为使秸秆和畜禽粪等农业废弃物得到有效利用,制定了合理的发酵工艺流程,研制了新型的发酵搅拌设备,进行了发酵试验。本文重点论述了发酵工艺流程,分析了发酵设备的性能测试和发酵物料理化性质的检测结果。结果表明:发酵设备的性能指标达到设计要求;发酵物料的理化性质、卫生标准均符合有机肥的特性。认为该套技术和设备可以应用于农业废弃物的综合利用工程。     

长期免耕对不同土层土壤结构与有机碳分布的影响

为探明长期翻耕与免耕条件下不同土层深度土壤结构稳定性及其有机碳分布特征,在长期定位试验中分层(0~10 cm、10~20 cm、…、90~100 cm)采集免耕和常规耕作处理下混合土样和原状土样进行土壤结构与有机碳的测定,结果表明:(1)随着土层的加深,0.5~2.0 mm和大于2.0 mm粒级团聚体含量表现为逐渐降低的趋势,而其他粒级团聚体含量呈增加趋势。免耕更利于提高大粒级团聚体(0.5 mm)的含量,且土壤结构的稳定性显著提高,其作用深度在50 cm以上。(2)随着土层的加深,土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳均表现为先增加后降低再趋于稳定的趋势。免耕处理在0~80 cm土层的土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳均高于常规耕作处理。(3)随着土层的加深,不同粒级团聚体总有机碳含量呈降低趋势,大粒级团聚体中含有较高的有机碳。免耕更利于0~40 cm土层不同粒级团聚体总有机碳含量的提高。随着土壤团聚体粒级的降低,土壤活性有机碳含量呈降低趋势。与常规耕作相比,除0.053~0.250 mm粒级团聚体外,免耕提高了0~20 cm土层各粒级团聚体中活性有机碳含量。(4)随着土层的加深,各粒级团聚体中有机碳对土壤总有机碳的贡献率表现为先降低后增加再降低的趋势。不同粒级团聚体中,大于2.0 mm和小于0.053 mm粒级团聚体有机碳贡献率在0~100 cm土层均低于其他粒级团聚体。在0~20 cm、30~40 cm和90~100 cm土层,免耕处理各粒级团聚体有机碳累积贡献率均高于常规耕作。