失叶对油松光合强度叶绿素含量和蒸腾强度的影响

用人工摘叶方法模拟松毛虫的取食,测定不同失叶量对油松光合强度、叶绿素含量及蒸腾强度的影响。结果表明,轻度失叶(30％左右)针叶的光合强度及蒸腾强度较不失叶为高;随着失叶量的增加,光合强度、叶绿素含量、蒸腾强度逐渐下降。     

赤松毛虫幼虫食叶量的研究

本文采用室内与林间饲养幼虫的方法,对赤松毛虫Dendrolimus spectabilisButier幼虫的食叶量进行了研究。结果表明,幼虫的食叶量随着龄期的增加而增大。1头幼虫-生取食油松针叶长度为3794.52厘米,相当于针叶湿重22.97878克,折算成干重为10.52003克,其中以老熟幼虫食叶量最大,占一生食叶总量的75％左右。赤松毛虫对油松针叶的残害量为215.51厘米,危害量是4010.03厘米。群体饲养与单体饲养对幼虫的食叶量无显著影响,雄虫的食叶量相当于雌虫食叶量的73.4％。幼虫对2年生和3年生针叶的取食量无显著差异。室内饲养的幼虫由于环境的改变、其食叶量明显低于林间幼虫的食叶量。     

过度修枝对油松生长及其抗虫性影响以及合理修枝探讨

油松幼林封山八年后,连续2-3年过度修枝(只留2轮枝)或过度修枝又失叶后,油松的光合强度、蒸腾强度、叶绿素含量及生长量都显著下降,针叶中可溶性糖、淀粉含量下降,脂肪与蛋白质含量反而增高,松毛虫食物的总热量增大,取食其针叶后,赤松毛虫幼虫体重增长率提高。合理修枝不仅能提高油松的光合强度与树势,还能增强抗虫性。研究还发现,油松第四轮枝的一年生针叶量与光合产物量最多,对增强树势与抗虫性极为重要,应予以重点保护,并据此提出了油松合理修枝的指标。     

过度修枝对油松生长及其的抗虫性影响以及合理修枝探讨

油松幼林封山八年后，２－３年过度修枝（只留２轮枝）或过度修枝又失叶后，油松的光合强度，蒸腾强度，叶绿素含量及生长量都显著下降，针叶中可溶性糖，淀粉含量下降，脂肪与蛋白质含量反而增高，松毛虫食物的总热量增大，取食其针叶后，赤松毛虫幼虫体重增长率提高。合理修枝不仅能提高油松的光合强度与树势，还能增强抗虫性。研究还发现，油松第四轮枝的一年生针叶量与光合产物量最多，对增强树势与抗虫性极为重要，应予以重...     

山西灵邱油松人工林油松毛虫经济阈值的研究

油松人工林单株载叶量(W_i)与胸径(d_(1:3))之间有下列关系:lgW_i=2.1256+1.9095lgd_(1:3)或W_i=133.6d_(1:3)~(1:9095),r=0.95996。单头油松毛虫幼虫终生食叶量(置信度为95％)为54.34±2.72克,损失针叶63.924±3.20克。不同食叶量对高生长影响不显著;失叶1/3以下对胸径和材积生长影响不显著;失叶1/2以上胸径、材积生长率剧减。     

失叶对油松材积生长影响的研究

本文采用人工搞叶方法模拟赤松毛虫对油松的自然危害,应用协方差分析方法分析了失叶对油松生长影响的显著性,应用多项式逐步回归分析方法建立了不同失叶程度、不同失叶次数情况下油松村积生长量的最优回归模型。     

不同油松林对赤（油）松毛虫自然控制能力的研究

对河北省抚宁县、滦平县油松天然次生林、人工林及油松、栎类混交林地越冬上树的赤松毛虫种群数量变动进行监测，同时分析测定油松针叶量与松毛虫取食量之间的关系，以失叶２５％为防治指标。结果表明，在河北省抚宁县赤松毛虫发生区、油松、栎类混交林地比油松纯林区防治指标高出１．９倍。在滦平县油松毛虫发生区，油松、蒙古栎、辽东栎混交林区比油松人工林地防治指标高出２．９倍。混交林地对松毛虫有明显的自然控制能力。     

不同油松林对赤（油）松毛虫自然控制能力的研究

对河北省抚宁县、滦平县油松天然次生林、人工林及油松、栎类混交林地越冬上树的赤（油）松毛虫种群数量变动进行监测，同时分析测定油松针叶量与松毛虫取食量之间的关系，以失叶２５％为防治指标。结果表明，在河北省抚宁县赤松毛虫发生区，油松、栎类混交林地比油松纯林区防治指标高出１．９倍。在滦平县油松毛虫发生区，油松、蒙古栎、辽东栎混交林区比油松人工林地防治指标高出２．９倍。混交林地对松毛虫有明显的自然控制能力     

油松对松毛虫危害的反应

为弄清油松对松毛虫危害有无自控能力，利用植物的生态控制力防治松毛虫，减少浓药的用量，采用蒽酮分光光度法测定不同失叶强度下油松干基糖分含量，结果表明：在人工模拟摘叶和松毛虫自然危害条件下，油松具有补偿和超补偿能力；在２—３年生针叶失叶较多的情况下，油松可将干部贮藏的营养物质供一年生针叶的正常生长。即使在连续三年２—３年生针叶失叶较多的情况下，油松也不致死亡，仍能正常生长。     

油松新生叶与老叶光合功能的比较

对油松当年生幼叶、当年生成熟叶、1年生老叶和2年生老叶的生理参数与光合效率进行测定的结果显示,不同叶龄的油松针叶叶绿素含量差异较大,其中1年生针叶的叶绿素含量最高,当年生幼叶叶绿素含量最低;随着叶龄的增大,叶绿素a/b逐渐下降。针叶蛋白质含量变化规律与叶绿素类似,但变化幅度较小。用叶绿素荧光技术探测了不同叶龄针叶的光合能力发现,当年生成熟叶的光合效率最高,1年生老叶光能捕获效率(TRo/CSo)、电子传递效率(ETo/CSo)以及功能指数(PI)略低于当年生成熟叶;2年生老叶的光合效率虽然急剧下降,但仍高于幼叶,说明幼叶还未发育成熟,光合功能还不完善。2年生老叶光合功能下降的原因主要是由于叶片质体醌库(Sm)和反应中心密度(RCs/CSo)减小,同时叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量下降所引起。这说明对油松生长贡献最大的是当年生成熟叶和1年生针叶,其次是2年生老叶,幼叶贡献最小,油松针叶的光合功能可维持3年。     

油松对赤松毛虫的诱导化学防御及滞后诱导抗性

对当年受赤松毛虫危害和未受危害的油松新长出的一年生针叶化学成分以及用其饲养的赤松毛虫的发育情况进行了测定分析，结果发现受害油松新长出的一年生针叶化学成分仍有较大幅度的变化，主要表现在氨基酸总量及多数游离氨基酸含量下降；水溶性总糖，粗脂肪，生物碱含量及总糖／投案基酸比例上升；脂肪酸、单宁、酚类化合物均有较大幅度的减少，用其饲不养的赤松毛虫幼虫体三 ，死亡率比对照高１９．２％，油松对赤松毛虫的滞后诱导     

Effects of Atlas cedar (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cedrus atlantica</Emphasis>) defoliation on performance of the pine processionary moth (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Thaumetopoea pityocampa</Emphasis>)

The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) is an important defoliating insect of native cedar stands in Northern Africa. In 2002 and 2003, we studied the size of needles of Atlas cedar trees that had been defoliated or not in the previous year, and compared the oviposition preference and larval performance of processionary moth on these two types of trees in cedar stands of central Algeria. Needle length and their number per needle cluster were twice as high on non-defoliated trees than on defoliated trees. There were about ten times fewer egg batches on defoliated than on non-defoliated trees in both study years. Young larvae raised in the laboratory on the foliage of previously defoliated trees were smaller compared to those fed on the foliage from healthy trees. Larval colonies transferred to trees in the field showed two times higher mortality on defoliated trees. It was concluded that the decline in population density in defoliated stands often observed after outbreaks results both from the fact that the female moths avoid laying their eggs on defoliated trees and the lower performance of larvae which later feed on the new-grown needles.     

Effect of damaged pine needles on growth and development of pine caterpillar larvae

Chinese pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus tabulaeformis) larvae were fed with pine needles of different degrees of damage to evaluate the effects of pine needles on the growth and development of larvae. The results showed that the nutritional index of the larvae declines after feeding on the damaged pine needlings. The lowest amount of food ingested and voided feces, the lowest nutritional index, slowest development, lightest pupae and most mortality were found in those pine caterpillar larvae fed with pine needles which were 50% damaged. The damaged pine needles significantly affected the population dynamics of Chinese pine caterpillars. The nutritional indices of larvae fed with 25% and 75% damaged pine needles were similar. The nutritional index of the dark morphs was higher than that of the tinted morphs, however, their mortality was lower than that of the tinted morphs. This phenomenon was reversed at the later stage of development when the larvae were fed on 50% damaged pine needles. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(6): 83–88 [译自: 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(6): 83–88]     

粉拟青霉防治油（赤）松毛虫流行病研究

越冬油(赤)松毛虫自然死亡的主要原因是真菌疾病,应用粉拟青霉防治越冬的油(赤)松毛虫比白僵菌更有效,多年的林地防治取得了70％以上的稳定杀虫效果,侵染以晚秋和早春为主,严冬季节很少。幼虫春季上树后仍有一部分死亡,这是疾病潜伏期造成的死亡滞后于侵染的现象,计算总死亡率应加上这一部分。影响该菌防治越冬幼虫效果的主要因子不是湿度,而是温度,表现在阳坡效果好于阴坡。     

质型多角体病毒对松毛虫的防治实验

通过质型多角体病毒 (CytoplasmicPolyheddrosisVirus ,简称CPV)感染赤松毛虫的室内试验和林地试验 ,分析研究CPV对松毛虫幼虫、蛹、成虫、卵、子代幼虫的数量不同程度的影响 ,得出了松毛虫质型多角体防治林地松毛虫的可行性和良好的效果 ,为林区有效防治松毛虫提供参考     

Effect of thinning on anatomical adaptations of Norway spruce needles

Conifers and other trees are constantly adapting to changes in light conditions, water/nutrient supply and temperatures by physiological and morphological modifications of their foliage. However, the relationship between physiological processes and anatomical characteristics of foliage has been little explored in trees. In this study we evaluated needle structure and function in Norway spruce families exposed to different light conditions and transpiration regimes. We compared needle characteristics of sun-exposed and shaded current-year needles in a control plot and a thinned plot with 50% reduction in stand density. Whole-tree transpiration rates remained similar across plots, but increased transpiration of lower branches after thinning implies that sun-exposed needles in the thinned plot were subjected to higher water stress than sun-exposed needles in the control plot. In general, morphological and anatomical needle parameters increased with increasing tree height and light intensity. Needle width, needle cross-section area, needle stele area and needle flatness (the ratio of needle thickness to needle width) differed most between the upper and lower canopy. The parameters that were most sensitive to the altered needle water status of the upper canopy after thinning were needle thickness, needle flatness and percentage of stele area in needle area. These results show that studies comparing needle structure or function between tree species should consider not only tree height and light gradients, but also needle water status. Unaccounted for differences in needle water status may have contributed to the variable relationship between needle structure and irradiance that has been observed among conifers.     

赤松毛虫成虫灯光诱杀试验

利用不同波长的灯具对阜新市赤松毛虫成虫开展灯诱筛选试验,结果表明,21:30时所有供试诱虫灯诱杀到的松毛虫雌虫数量和雌雄成虫总量最多,22:30时诱杀到的赤松毛虫雄虫数量最多。诱集总量由多至少的波长序号为:2号>19号>4号=5号>7号。灯诱赤松毛虫成虫的最佳上灯时间为21:00～23:00时,从而为生产防治提供了最佳波长和上灯时段。     

3种松毛虫杂交试验

2009年，进行油松毛虫、赤松毛虫、落叶松毛虫三种松毛虫6种设计交叉杂交试验研究，杂交组分别为油♂×赤♀、油♂×落♀、油♀×赤♂、油♀×落♂、赤♂×落♀、赤♀×落♂。结果表明，各杂交组均产生了杂交后代，平均产卵量386粒，平均孵化率为89．68％。     

树冠体积与赤松毛虫发生量的关系

本文重点论述了树冠体积在赤松毛虫防治管理中的作用。根据冠幅、冠高确定树冠体积,从幼虫期食叶总量3323.17 cm得出树体最大载虫量,通过回归方程(?)(载虫量)=2.1016+27.1957x(树冠体积)可找出不同树冠体积对赤松毛虫的允许发生量。