Site Quality Evaluation for Mixed, Uneven-aged, Natural Forest Dominatedby Korean Pine in Northeast China

1ThisStudyisoneoftheprojectssuportedbyNaturalScienceFundationofHeilongjiangProvinceIntroductionSitoindexisaconvcnientstcptoxtardtl1eultin1ategoaiofpredictingtheproductioncapability'offorcstlwt;anditisausefuldircctmeasuresforapotentialexpetionparadigmintcn…     

Growth models and site index table of natural Korean pine forests

IntroductionKoreanpine(PinuskOraiensisSieb.etZucc.)isoneofthemostimportanttimberspeciesanditisnaturaIIydistributedinHeilongjiang,JiIinandLiaon-ingprovincesinChina.ManyforestryresearchersmadeextensiveandprofoundstudiesonthisspeciesJiangYiyin(1985)studiedthegroWthandgrowthmodelsforpIantationsofKoreanpine.However,veryfewpaperswerefoundonthegroWthmodeIsofnaturalKoreanpineforest.Koreanpinehasa1onggroWthperiod.ForextensivelymanagingKoreanpineforest,itneedstheJorestrytabIeswithhighac-Curacy…     

Effect of thinning intensity on tree growth and temporal variation of seed and cone production in a Pinus koraiensis plantation

Thinning of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) is used to facilitate timber and cone production. The present study in Northeast China investigated the effects of thinning intensity on individual tree growth, temporal variation in cone yield, and seed quality in Korean pine plantation. In 2005, five thinning intensity levels (none, extreme, heavy, moderate and light) were set in 15 permanent plots in a 32-year-old Korean pine plantation at Mengjiagang Forest Farm, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. We recorded tree growth and seed cone production from 2013 to 2016, i.e., from 8 to 11 years after thinning. Except for height growth, thinning increased tree growth (diameter at breast height and crown size) and improved cone yield. The extreme thinning treatment (to 300 trees per hectare) resulted in the largest tree diameter, tree volume, crown size and 4-year cone production per tree. The highest cone yield per tree in the mast year (2014) was observed when stands were thinned to 500 trees per hectare (heavy thinning). Although the best cone and seed quality and the largest cone and seed mass per tree were recorded in the heavily thinned stand, no significant differences were found between heavy and moderate thinning stands (750 trees per hectare). At the stand level, the moderately thinned stand had the highest basal area, stock volume and seed cone production per stand. Our results suggest that thinning to 750 trees per hectare will improve timber and cone productivity in 40-year-old P. koraiensis stands.     

The possibility analysis of natural poplar-birch forest recovery to broad-leaf Korean pine forest through the method of life table in the Xioaxing’an Mountains

The basic principle of life table method is described, and the method of tree height instead of tree age in static life table is suggested, and it is also discussed that the possibility of natural poplar-birch forest recover to broad-leaf Korean pine forest on low pitches in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains by this method. If there is no particular situation, Korean pines after high than 5m under natural Poplar-birch forest will basically survive and make their way into dominant canopy accompanied by climax broad-leaf species.     

北京低山地区油松人工林立地指数表的编制及应用

使用252块北京市低山地区油松人工林标准地资料,统计分析各标准地优势木平均树高与年龄的关系,以双曲线式拟合树高生长导向曲线,编制出适用于该地区的油松人工林立地指数表;经X2检验、落点检验和树高生长量检验后证明所编表合格;使用该表对252块标准地进行立地质量评价,结果表明,63%的标准地立地质量处在中等水平;油松最适宜生长的立地条件为阴坡厚土.     

杉松人工林伐区调查设计中树高曲线图的绘制与应用

为提高罗源县杉、松人工林树高曲线图绘制的准确性,利用广泛拟合择优选取的方法确定了能很好描述罗源县杉、松人工林胸径(D)树高(H)的一元二次函数模型,同时利用Excel电子表格设计绘制树高曲线图的程序。研究结果具有较大的应用价值。     

思茅松人工林地位指数表的编制与应用

以lgH=a b／A等6个数学模型拟合收集到的166块思茅松人工林标准地优势木树高导向由线，结果选用拟合效果较好的Riehards函数模型：H=26．6907(1-e^-0．049999A)^0.9515编制地位指数表。基准年龄为20年，用标准差调整法导出思茅松人工林11～23间7条地位指数曲线，经连续树高值检验、落点检验，结果表明，该地位指数表编制精度为91．1％，可用于思茅、版纳等地区的思茅松人工林立地质量评价和生长过程预测。     

红松速生丰产林立地选择技术

选择最佳立地是培育红松人工丰产林的基础,也是一种不增加投入,可望取得较大幅度增产的有效途径。为了更好的实现这一目标,经过系列研究与编制红松人工林的立地指数,进行立地质量综合评价,为营造速生丰产林提供科学依据。     

THE POSSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF NATURAL POPLAR-BIRCH FOREST RECOVERY TO BROAD-LEAF KOREAN PINE FOREST THROUGH THE METHOD OF LIFE TABLE IN THE XIOAXING''''AN MOUNTAINS

ManyforcstcrsbasicallyaffirmedthatPoplar-birchforestcouldrecovertobroad-leafKoreanPineforcst.Thisconclusion,however,wasmainlygaincdthroughobsers'ationsontl1cspotandgencraldcductions.ThispaPCrex-ploitsthecharacterthatlifet9blecanshowpopuIationde\)cloplncnttoexprcssthcsituationofPOpulationsurvivalanddcathalongwithageincreasinga11dtheorclicalIycxplainthcPOssibility'ofPop1ar-birchforestreeoverytobroad-leafKorcanPineforcst.THEoRYANDMETHoDTheageoforganismPopulation--TledataofsPeCicsdeath…     

STUDY ON THE TREE GROWTH, ARCHITECTURE AND STAND STRUCTURE OF KOREAN PINE PLANTATION

lNTRODUCTIONTherhythInofKorcanpinegrowingandtrpearchitectUreissubjectedtoitsownl1crcd-ityandforeststructUre.Tl1cil11portantefTcctsofgapdynamicsarethereasonsthatmaketl1cKoreanpinetrceformhighqualityoftimbcr.Whilecurrentn1anagemcntofKoreanpincforestmainlyfocusesonpurestand,thccco-logicalrelationshipsbetWcenKoreanpineandothcrsPecicsinaconununityareneglected,thcprimitivebiologicalconditionislost.TheKo-reanpinetrecsinplantationcasilydivergeonthctOpofmainsten1,thesescverelyaITectthcgrOedqu…     

THE STUDY ON SITE QUALITY EVALUATION FOR DAHURIAN LARCH(LARIX GMELINII RUPR.)

Site quality of larch(Larix gmelinii Rupr.)in Da Xingan Mountain in InnerMongolia was studied systematically with about 1000 temporary plots and computersoftware.The nature of site class and site index curve was discussed in view of generalmathematical model of height growth.The height growth of dominant tree of four divisionsof forest stands were studied and site index tables were constructed respectively.In orderto unify the comparing standard and convenience for management in this region,site indextable was constucted too.Based on discussing the action and accuracy of forest type,aseries of site quality evaluation(forest type-site index class-site index)was suggested.     

The study on site quality evaluation for dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.)

Site quality of larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) in Da Xingan Mountain in Inner Mongolia was studied systematically with about 1000 temporary plots and computer software. The nature of site class and site index curve was discussed in view of general mathematical model of height growth. The height growth of dominant tree of four divisions of forest stands were studied and site index tables were constructed respectively. In order to unify the comparing standard and convenience for management in this region, site index table was constucted too. Based on discussing the action and accuracy of forest type, a series of site quality evaluation (forest type-site index class-site index) was suggested. This subject of study is supported by the National Natural Scientific Fund (No. 39270549).     

晋中东部山区油松人工林地位指数表的编制

为了评价立地质量,用１５５块油松人工林标准地,用三个数学模型进行拟合,最后选定用模型１gＨ＝０．１４２９＋０．５１５３１gＡ编制地位指数表,基准年龄为２５a,用变 异系数法导出６,７,８,９四条地位指数曲线。经用相关指数检验和优势木解析木进行Ｘ＾２检验,结果表明：该地位指数表适用于晋中东部册区的油松人工林。     

Study on community structure and self-sustaining mechanism of broad-leaved/Korean pine forests in northeast China

INTRODUCTloNbePthemp`vkoItw)isanli11pe1tclhabepeicinnoed1castO1ina.Thcspeic~rminn1bo\vithInanyhar~~,inbotScalledndbroadileated/KOrCantwthisisthecham~honin~toinla.bendboare~lycalledKrsPincbofOrdnd.ThebohavcboexPloitalforwtahalf~,withiISareabeing~boIhan5oto5~inthiswil,].TO-tw-oroldgrowthbonaatonlyiminfewedwr.beusePaSttimeduetOwithe~mCChanisl1isofthenabotwpePlanboonsofKrsptheunmaseeqclear~ofhsenahahenrstaredanopmcaedtyforndnd'l,.ndmamAnboontisetOPofnd3l.Hot`toodthehighqtaltyorboPli…     

我国湿地松人工林种植范围的立地气候分区研究

利用我国湿地松分布区内２２２个气象站点的１０ａ气候资料的平均值，用主成分分析法，将湿地松栽培区划分为４个立地气候区，即：Ⅰ．南亚热带、热带沿海立地气候区；Ⅱ．中亚热带丘陵立地气候区；Ⅲ．暖温带、北亚热带丘陵、平原、岗地立地气候区；Ⅳ．湘、鄂、川接壤山地，四川盆地，黔东南立地气候区．再在各气候区内实测有代表性的８～１０ａ的湿地松标准地１７１块，分别采用平均胸径、平均树高、平均单株材积证实各气候区内湿地松生长差异．这４个立地气候区可作为湿地松人工林立地类型划分、立地质量评价等经营数表编表单元的依据．     

海南岛热带天然山地雨林立地质量评价研究

以森林群系（以下简称群系）为海南岛热带天然山地雨林立地质量评价基本单元（对象,）以群系优势树种组平均优势高为因变量,平均优势木胸径为自变量,用定量方法求出基准胸径为４０ｃｍ。以鸡毛松、海南油杉、岭南稠林、陆均松、线枝蒲桃、黄枝木林、白椎,鹅掌柴,黄酮林３个群系为例,建立了立地指数导向曲线模型,经模型适合性检验,理论值与实测值之间差异不显著,编制了立地指数表。     

湖北省杉木人工林立地类型划分及评价

以湖北省杉木人工林为研究对象,选择166块具有代表性的杉木人工林标准地,并测定样地的常规立地因子。利用数量化理论Ⅰ的方法建立了杉木优势高与立地因子之间的关系模型,对研究区杉木人工林进行立地类型划分及立地质量评价。结果表明,所选择的5个立地因子与优势高数量化拟合的复相关系数为0.639;海拔、腐殖层厚度和坡位这3个立地因子对优势高的贡献率达84.99%,且影响均达到极显著水平;采用海拔、腐殖层厚度和坡位3个因子构建研究区杉木人工林立地类型,共划分为22类;按照优、良、中、差4个评价等级对166块样地所属的立地类型进行立地质量评价,得出湖北省杉木人工林在中海拔、土壤湿润、土壤养分含量较高的立地条件下生产力较高,研究区立地质量整体处于中等偏上水平的结论。     

Height growth of Korean pine plantation sapling in Benxi, Liaoning Province, China

The height growth of Korean pine plantation was investigated for different ages of saplings in Benxi city of the eastern Liaoning, China. The sapling and seedling age were determined by branch annuals. Results show that the mean height of third- to eight-year Korean pines ranges from 13.31 cm to 111.73 cm and only 19.4% of the saplings reached the height above 130 cm. The height (Y) of eight-year-old Korean pine increases linearly with the increment of ground stem (x) (Y=3.1x+35.15). The relation between height and age can be described by an exponential equation. The second year after planting of the Korean pine is considered as the key period of Korean pine growth really adapting to the local environment; plantation management should be strengthened in this year. The Korean pine seedlings need two years to adapt to the local environment, thus early care and management should be taken in the second year.     

马尾松人工同龄纯林自然稀疏规律研究

通过对马尾松4~20年生不同密度的人工同龄纯林生长资料的分析表明:第1次树高生长分化高峰期在4~7年生,第2次在11~14年生,幼林郁闭后林木直径分化状态比较稳定。中幼林期抚育间伐主要采伐劣等木,进入近熟林期后除采伐劣等木外,还可采伐一部分中等木。间伐施工应以留优去劣为主,适当照顾均匀。总稀疏强度与密度呈正相关性,出现稀疏的时间随密度增大而提前;连年稀疏强度高峰期出现在林分郁闭后的一段时间内。根据总稀疏强度与稀疏时间同密度的关系可确定不同密度林分的间伐强度与时间。利用马尾松人工林观测资料拟合出与立地条件、现存株数密度、林龄三因子相关的自然稀疏模型,从而可推算出不同立地条件的自然稀疏表,为马尾松人工林密度调控提供科学依据。     

杉木人工林收获模型系统的研究*

利用优势木高生长与密度关系相对较小，并且是立地和年龄的函数这一特性以及直径生长的多因子效应等生物学规律，将优势高作为独立变量引入其它相关模型构建了杉木人工林收获模型系统。解决了杉木工林自然生长和伐后生长模拟，建立了标准树高曲线和直径与断面积相容性预估模型以及间伐模拟系统，推导出了由于间伐而引起的非生长性增长的计算公式。