共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 71 毫秒
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由中国植物病理学会植病流行专业委员会、中国植物保护学会植保系统工程专业委员会、中国农业大学植物病理系和中国农业科学院植物保护研究所联合举办的“第一期全国植物病害分子流行学讲习班”于2006年7月10～14日在中国医学科学院药用植物研究所御苑会议中心如期开班。 相似文献
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标记基因在植物病害发生和流行规律研究中的应用莫才清（华中农业大学生命科学院武汉４３００７０）导致植物病害发生的生物因素有真菌、细菌等多种微生物。由于微生物个体微小,给植物传染性病害的发生和流行规律研究带来一定的困难。以往研究一直采用病情指数等指标来研... 相似文献
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农业生态系统中所有类型的植物均会受到病原菌的长期威胁?许多高风险植物病原菌能够通过空气传播, 甚至可随高空气流完成跨区域的远距离扩散?因此, 为了控制气传病害管理中的杀菌剂投入, 需密切监测空气中的病原菌孢子?病菌孢子捕捉技术作为监测空气中病菌孢子量的有效手段, 可为种植者或相关政府部门提供病害风险的早期预警信息, 辅助病害管理决策?近年来, 分子检测技术的发展拓宽了其在植物病害管理中的应用范围?本文主要从植物病害流行病学?病原体生物学?空气动力学等方面, 对病菌孢子捕捉技术, 以及利用该技术获得的数据改善病害管理策略的相关研究进展进行综述, 并讨论了应用病菌孢子捕捉和监测技术需要考虑的主要因素?随着物联网?大数据及人工智能等技术的不断发展, 该技术的发展面临着新的机遇和挑战?整合新技术和改善数据获取?分析?解释?共享效率, 实现病菌孢子捕捉的监测预警技术网格化?信息化与智能化的深度融合成为新的发展需求? 相似文献
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本文是加拿大植物病协学会1986年年会论文,综述植物细胞和组织培养、血清学和分子生物学等生物学技术在病害防治上应用于无病原植株生产、病原鉴定、病害诊职、抗病植物开发、生物防治剂的生产及寄主—寄生物之间相互关系的阐释等方面的成就。 相似文献
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导言对于产后病害流行学,特别是以现代流行学观点来看待的这一问题,现在还很少有人报道。迄今为止,关于产后病害流行学的报道重点是放在环境条件(相对湿度、温度、二氧化碳、组织的水份含量等等)对产后病害的数量、损失程度、腐烂中品种的差异、真菌病害的防治之影响上。本文对这些因素不加论述,这是因为许多因素对特定的 相似文献
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芽孢杆菌是土壤和植物微生态的优势微生物种群,具有很强的抗逆能力和抗菌防病作用,许多性状优良的天然分离株已成功地应用于植物病害生物防治。芽孢杆菌抗菌防病机制包括竞争作用、拮抗作用和诱导植物抗病性。其中,核糖体合成的细菌素、几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶等抗菌蛋白以及次生代谢产生的抗生素与挥发性抗菌物质产生的拮抗作用是生防细菌最主要的抗菌机制。通过现代生物技术提高抗菌基因的表达水平和实现外源杀虫或抗菌基因的高效稳定共表达是增强生防芽孢杆菌抗菌活性和扩大防治对象的重要途径。基因组和蛋白组研究的迅猛发展必将极大地促进芽孢杆菌抗菌分子机制和抗菌基因工程研究的深入发展和广泛应用。 相似文献
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本文由Vanderlpank微分差异方程推导出植病流行中阈值标准和渐近行为的两个数量性结果,通过分析表明这些结果依赖于初始病害量,并澄清文献中的几点谬误,同时指出植病流行学应当同医学流行学等同类学科联系起来,以更加丰富和发展植病流行理论。 相似文献
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S. Zarei S. M. Taghavi H. Hamzehzarghani E. Osdaghi J.R. Lamichhane 《Plant pathology》2018,67(3):660-670
The population dynamics of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) and X. citri subsp. citri (Xcc) was assessed on over three dozen plant species/genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Both Xap and Xcc multiplied on red nightshade, black nightshade, bindweed, Chenopodium, common bean and wheat up to 20 days post‐inoculation (dpi) under greenhouse conditions. A high bacterial growth rate was observed on all (alfalfa, bindweed, Chenopodium, field mustard, millet and prickly lettuce) but one (liquorice) plant species tested under field conditions. Xap successfully proliferated on both lemon and sweet lemon up to 140 dpi, attaining a population density even higher than that of Xcc. The latter showed an increased growth rate on GxN, GF677, Ghisella 6 and Mariana 2624 rootstocks up to 140 dpi. While Xap and Xcc did not grow on pomegranate and common fig, they had a steady population growth on apple and pear plants up to 140 dpi, although the final population sizes were smaller than those observed on lemon and sweet lemon plants. The results suggest that a large number of non‐host plant species could support epiphytic populations of Xap or Xcc, which may have implications for plant disease epidemiology. 相似文献
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Clive H. Bock Nikki D. Charlton Jason Shiller Jennifer J. Randall Carolyn A. Young 《Plant pathology》2022,71(5):1103-1119
Scab (Venturia effusa) is the major cause of economic loss in pecan in the south-eastern USA. We explored population genetic diversity and structure among orchards of cv. Desirable and native seedlings, and within-orchard variability among trees of all cultivars sampled. We compared the ability of 30, 15 and 7 previously developed microsatellites to characterize the population genetic diversity and structure of V. effusa. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) provided little evidence of structure dependent on cultivar, but there was some evidence of structure between orchards of a cultivar based on distance. Individual orchard AMOVA showed that three of 11 orchards had between-tree population structure. Among six populations from cv. Desirable, a Mantel test showed that geographic distance was related to the pairwise genetic divergence (R2 = 0.84). Among 11 orchards of various cultivars there was little difference in diversity using 30, 15 or 7 markers, or population structure based on AMOVA. Some minor differences in population structure were seen based on discriminant analysis of principal components, or dendrograms. Thus, depending on the objectives, future studies may use as few as 15 or 7 markers without losing ability to discern population genetic diversity or structure. More populations exhibited linkage disequilibrium when using 15 or 30 markers compared to when using seven markers. Knowledge of population genetics of V. effusa in relation to host genotype is needed to understand pathogen population interactions and gene flow, knowledge that will help underpin future breeding efforts to develop durable resistance in this long-lived orchard tree. 相似文献
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传染病暴发在植物、动物和人群中很常见。除了少数已发展为流行病和大流行病外,在很大程度上大多数传染病暴发的原因仍未知,植物真菌和卵菌病暴发尤其如此。所有流行病和大流行病都是从局部暴发开始,然后蔓延到更广泛的地理区域,因此了解其初始暴发的原因对于有效预防和控制植物病害流行病和大流行病至关重要。该文首先描述疾病暴发的定义和检测,随后简要描述导致植物传染病暴发的主要原因,包括寄主植物、病原体及其相关的环境因素,以一种真菌和一种卵菌病原体为例简要概述宿主病原体系统,并强调分子工具在帮助揭示病原体的起源和传播及其暴发及大流行方面的作用。由于人为活动及气候的加速变化,植物病害暴发的可能性越来越大,最后提出应该如何应对其暴发。 相似文献
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Teklu Andebrhan Antonio Figueira Milton M. Yamada Julio Cascardo Douglas B. Furtek 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(2):167-175
Crinipellis perniciosa (Stahel) Singer is the causal agent of witches' broom disease in the Sterculiaceae, Solanaceae, and Bixaceae families. The disease is endemic to the Brazilian Amazon, and was first reported infecting Theobroma cacao (cocoa) in the State of Bahia, Brazil, in 1989. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were performed on 46 isolates of C. perniciosa from cocoa that were collected from 15 counties in Bahia and the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 258 RAPD loci from 20 primers and three mixed primers were analyzed. Of these loci, 108 (42%) were polymorphic, with an average of 4.7 polymorphic loci per primer produced. Genetic similarities were estimated using Nei and Li's index and UPGMA clustering. Bootstrap analysis divided the phenogram into four significantly different clusters: two groups contained isolates from Ariquemes and from Ouro Preto, Rondônia, and the other two separated the isolates from Bahia into two major groups of C. perniciosa, classified as Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2). The two groups of isolates from Bahia differed for their genetic similarity with the isolates from the Brazilian Amazon. The geographic distribution of the groups in Bahia suggests two independent focal points of introduction. Ongoing programs to screen for resistant cocoa genotypes should consider both groups of isolates. 相似文献
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John M. Whipps Simon P. Budge 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(4):395-397
A series of experiments was carried out over four years in a glasshouse with computer control of humidity and temperature to investigate the effect of humidity on the development of tomato powdery mildew. Four relative humidities (RHs) (80%, 87%, 90% and 95%) at constant 19°C were maintained over an eight-week experimental period during the Autumn. Disease was greatest at 80% RH and was progressively less with increasing RH to a minimum level at 95% RH on both inoculated plants, introduced to act as initial infection sources, and on adjacent uninoculated plants. The results indicate that high humidities may decrease severity of this disease in the glasshouse and may help management of this disease in the future. 相似文献
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Infection efficiency is a key epidemiological parameter that determines the proportion of pathogen spores able to infect and cause lesions once they have landed on a susceptible plant tissue. In this study, an improved method to measure infection efficiency of Zymoseptoria tritici using a replicated greenhouse experiment is presented. Zymoseptoria tritici is a fungal pathogen that infects wheat leaves and causes septoria tritici blotch (STB), a major disease of wheat worldwide. A novel experimental setup was devised, where living wheat leaves were attached to metal plates, allowing for time-resolved imaging of disease progress in planta. Because lesions were continuously appearing, expanding and merging during the period of up to 3 weeks, daily measurements were necessary for accurate counting of lesions. Reference membranes were also used to characterize the density and spatial distribution of spores inoculated onto leaf surfaces. In this way, the relationship between the number of lesions and the number of viable spores deposited on the leaves was captured and an infection efficiency of about 4% was estimated from the slope of this relationship. This study provides a proof of principle for accurate and reliable measurement of infection efficiency of Z. tritici. The method opens opportunities for determining the genetic basis of the component of quantitative resistance that suppresses infection efficiency. This knowledge would improve breeding for quantitative resistance against STB, a control measure considered more durable than deployment of major resistance genes. 相似文献