上虞市对种粮大户的2003～2004年农（粮）情调查

在市场粮价回升,各级政府和有关部门普遍重视与大力扶持的宏观背景下,如今,种粮大户们的生产状况如何?跟以往相比已经发生了哪些变化?最近,上虞市作为浙江省的粮食主产县(市)之一,按照省粮食局的具体安排,由市局组织力量对全市种粮大户2003～2004年度粮食的生产、销售、消费和库存情况进行了一次专题抽样调查。调查为上述问题给出了一个较为明晰的答案。     

福州市种粮大户发展现状及扶持对策

分析阐述了福州市种粮大户发展现状,及其在发展粮食生产中的作用与面临的困难,并提出了扶持种粮大户发展的对策建议。     

盐城市种粮大户退地弃种原因分析与对策

近2年来,国内粮食价格持续低迷,种粮大户等粮食规模经营者经济效益下降,甚至亏损,导致盐城市出现种粮大户退地弃种现象。调查结果显示,其原因在于当前粮食生产效益低、国有粮库仓容紧张、经营规模与管理要求不匹配等。据此,提出切实加大粮食生产扶持力度、增强风险防范能力、千方百计降低成本、提高粮田综合效益以及优化为农服务指导等对策建议,以推进该市粮食规模化生产持续稳定健康发展。     

益阳市种粮大户的调查与思考

就益阳市种粮大户相关情况进行调查。探讨了种粮大户的形成与发展和科技小分队推进了种粮大户的发展及种粮大户在粮食产业中的积极作用,分析了发展种粮大户存在的问题,提出了推进土地流转是发展种粮大户的首要任务,要坚持五个基本原则,建设两个服务平台,搞技术服务等措施。     

湘中丘陵地区种粮大户发展现状及对策

调查了娄底、衡阳、邵阳3市区种粮大户的发展现状、特点、效益,分析了种粮大户存在的问题,提出了相关的建议：加强农田基础设施建设,建立保护种粮大户的长效扶持机制,通过加强农业科技服务、加大扶持力度等方式扶持种粮大户的进一步发展。     

种粮大户生产现状与困境摆脱——关于大户生产经营情况的调查报告

为全面掌握种粮大户生产经营动态,保障粮食种植平稳持续发展,组织开展了种粮大户专题调研活动,理清了大户生产现状及面临的主要问题,并由此从向内努力,苦练内功;向外努力,规模经济;调整思路,寻找空间等方面提出种粮大户摆脱困境的相关对策与思路。     

浙江绍兴粮食生产经营现状及经营主体培育发展的几点思考

浙江省绍兴县作为经济相对发达地区,农村劳动力主要集中在二、三产业,如何在发展农村经济的同时,稳定发展粮食生产,确保粮食安全是亟待解决的问题。绍兴县在稳定种粮大户的同时,积极培育和发展新型粮食生产规模经营主体,并根据绍兴县实际,提出了“构筑三种粮食生产主体、做好五项政策引导和服务”的具体思路。     

福建省全力推进化肥减量增效

正福建省农业厅日前下发《关于进一步抓好化肥减量增效工作的通知》,要求充分利用商品有机肥示范推广等补助项目,加大有机肥推广力度,建立一批有机肥替代化肥和绿色优质农产品生产基地,减少农作物对化肥的过度依赖。扶持引导规模粮食生产经营主体和果茶菜经营主体增施商品有机肥,推动规模化畜禽养殖场与种粮大户对接,充分利用畜禽粪污转化生产有机肥,减少种粮大户的化肥使用量。同时,还充分利用紫云英等绿肥翻压还田,替代部分化肥,减少后季作物化肥的施用量。     

浙江积极稳妥推进粮食购销市场化改革

按照国务院的部署 ,浙江省２００１年进行粮食购销市场化改革试点。在周密论证的基础上 ,浙江省出台了粮食购销市场化改革措施 ,实行粮食生产、收购、销售市场化 ,同时加强政府宏观调控 ,保护好粮食综合生产能力 ,充分调动广大农民群众的生产积极性 ,以实现农业增效、农民增收、粮食供求安全的目标。浙江粮食购销市场化的主要内容是 :取消粮食定购任务 ,放手让农民调整农业结构 ;放开粮食市场 ,实行经营主体多元化 ;放开粮食购销价格 ,实行随行就市 ;建立和完善粮食储备制度。为保护种粮大户积极性 ,对原承担定购粮任务一时难以调整种植结构…     

常州市粮食生产规模经营现状的调查与思考

通过调查研究江苏省常州市粮食生产规模经营现状,种粮大户的科技应用水平、产量与效益,分析了当地粮食生产规模经营的制约因素,提出了"建立健全农村土地流转机制,大力推进粮食生产规模化、专业化,加大公共财政投入,加强综合保障服务"等建议。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。