双氟沙星对小鼠的显性致死试验

本试验研究了双氟沙星对昆明系小鼠的显性致死性。剂量分别为５００ｍｇ／ｋｇｂ．ｗ．、５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ｂ．ｗ．和５ｍｇ／ｋｇｂ．ｗ．，雄鼠连续给药５ｄ后，与雌鼠按１：２的比例同笼交配，连续交配７批，对检测双氟沙星对遗传物质的损伤。试验各剂量组指标与阴性对照组无显著性差异，表明双氟沙星对昆明系小鼠的显性致死性为阴性。     

复方硝基酚钠的小鼠显性致死试验

本文选用Ｂａｌｂ／Ｃ雄性小鼠和昆明系雌性小鼠进行显性致死试验研究鱼虾促生长药物添加剂复方硝基酚钠对雄性生殖细胞的致突变性。设３个复方硝基酚钠剂量组，即以１６０、５３．３和１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ本品给雄性小鼠经口染毒，每日１次，连续５日，同时设空白对照和阳性对照。各组雄鼠与未染毒雌鼠连续交配８周。试验结果为阴性，可初步认为复方硝基酚钠对雄性生殖细胞无致突变性。本文空白对照组的试验结果符合显性致死试验的要求，但母鼠的受孕率在３４．８％～６０．０％之间。选用Ｂａｌｂ／Ｃ雄性小鼠和昆明系雌性小鼠进行显性致死试验尚属首次。     

复方硝基酚钠的小鼠显性致死试验

本文选用Ｂａｌｂ／Ｃ雄性小鼠和昆明系雌性小鼠进行显性致死试验研究鱼虾促生长药物添加剂复方硝基酚钠对雄性生殖细胞的致突变性。设３个复方硝基酚钠剂量组，即以１６０、５３．３和１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ本品雄性小鼠经口染毒，每日１次，连续５日，同时设空白对照和阳性对照。各组雄鼠未染毒雌鼠连续交配８周。试验结果为阴性，可初步认为复方硝基酚钠对雄性生殖细胞无致突变性。本文空白对照组的试验结果符合显性致死试验的要求，但母     

阿维菌素对小鼠早期精细胞的微核效应

阿维菌素是北京农业大学研制的一种新型,安全,广谱,高效的抗寄生虫药物,本文以小鼠早期精细胞微核试验方法研究其对雄性生殖细胞的诱变性,将昆明系雄性小鼠随机分为５组,每组５只,第１,２和３组为低,中和高３个剂量组,分别以１．９２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,４．８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ和９．６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（相当于１／１０ＬＤ５０,１／４ＬＤ５０和１／２ＬＤ５０）剂量的阿维菌素丙二醇溶液给小鼠一次灌胃,第４组为阳性对照组以８０ｍｇ     

鲇鱼的烟酸需要量

为测定鲇鱼对饲料中烟酸的需要量进行了１５周的投　饵试验。５个试验组饲喂的５种饲料中分别添加烟酸０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，每个试验组设３个重复。试验用鲇鱼平均体重９ｇ。试验结果表明，投喂含烟酸２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的饲料的鱼增重最高，其次是投喂添加烟酸４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的饲料的鱼，投喂不添加烟酸饲料的鱼增重低且成活率低，仅为５８％，而投喂添加烟酸的饲料的鱼成活率为９１％～１００％。鲇鱼的烟酸缺乏症状为厌食、贫血、不活泼以及表皮出血。投喂添加…     

氯化胆碱添加量对母鸡生长速度、雌激素水平及开产周龄的影响

１１５只３周龄母鸡被分为４组，分别为３９只、３３只、３１只和１２只。四种日粮分别含氯化胆碱（ＣＣＣ）　：０　ｍｇ／ｋｇ（对照）　；５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ从第１４周龄开始（５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ　Ａ）　；５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ从３周龄开始（５　ｍｇ／ｋｇ　Ｂ）　；５０　ｍｇ／ｋｇ从第３周龄开始（５０　ｍｇ／ｋｇ　Ｂ）。基础日粮根据生长期配合，并进行等氮等能处理。第３～８周日粮干物质ＣＰ和ＭＥ分别为１７．９９　％和１２．７　ＭＪ／ｋｇ；第９～２０周ＣＰ和ＭＥ分别为１４．６３　％和１２．７５　ＭＪ／ｋｇ。对鸡采食量、体重变化…     

北极电狐电刺激采精中麻醉效果观察

在对北极狐进行电刺激采精时，采得的精液数量及品质均正常。在本次试验中应用盐酸氯胺酮注射液１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重和安定注射液５ｍｇ／只复合麻醉，麻醉前期３￣４ｍｉｎ，麻醉期２５￣３０ｍｉｎ，有８．１％的公狐按此剂量麻醉，深度尚显不够，需在采精过程中，再按１ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重氯胺酮补充麻醉；对公狐隔日再进行重复采精时，宜用８ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的氯胺酮。北极狐电刺激采精中麻醉比不麻醉更利于狐体健康。     

恩诺沙星对Wistar系大白鼠的急性及亚慢性毒性研究

本文对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ系大白鼠口服恩诺沙星的急性及亚慢性毒性研究，用简化机率单位法测得Ｗｉｓｔａｒ系大白鼠口服恩诺沙星的ＬＤ５０为４６２９ｍｇ／ｋｇ，９５％可信限为４７７３￣４４７９ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ＬＤ９０为７０６３ｍｇ／ｋｇ。亚慢性毒性试验以每天分别用２０、１００、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的剂量加入饮水中，供三组大白鼠自由饮服，分别于３０ｄ、６０ｄ抽检动物，检查内容包括食饵效率，器官系数、器官含水量、血液检     

人参茎叶皂甙对雏鸡增重及血液的作用

本文研究了人类茎叶皂甙对１２０只雏鸡增重及外周血的影响，雏鸡在完全相同的饲养条件下，预饲至６日龄，随机分为４组，三个实验组分别按每公斤体重１５ｍｇ，１０ｍｇ和５ｍｇ剂量腹腔注射。对照组注生理盐水，隔日一次，连续３０天，用药１５日后，实验组每只雏鸡体重比对照组分别高４ｇ，７ｇ，５ｇ，用药３０日后，经统计分析，１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组体重明高于对照组（ｐ＜０．０１）。测得外周血：１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组红细胞数明显高     

国产泰乐菌素治疗猪肺炎支原体病（猪喘气病）实验报告

用国产泰乐菌素治疗猪肺炎支原体（ＭＰＳ）病，按２６ｍｇ（高）、１３ｍｇ（中）、５ｍｇ（低）／ｋｇ体重肌肉注射，每天２次，连续７天为一个疗程。第一个疗程治愈率分别为５４．５％、５４．５％、６３．６％；未愈猪做第二个疗程，治愈率分别为３３．３％、５５．５％、４４．４％。中剂量组与进口泰乐菌素同等剂量组治愈率相同。用国产泰乐菌素预防ＭＰＳ病，按１３ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重肌肉注射，每天２次，连续７天，结果保护８／１０，阳性对照猪１０／１０发病。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.